Observing InvertebratesObserving Invertebrates

ClassificationClassification

Classification = arranging animals or Classification = arranging animals or other things into groups according to other things into groups according to their similaritiestheir similarities

Carolus Linnaeus = came up with a Carolus Linnaeus = came up with a practical methods of classifying the practical methods of classifying the plants and animals into groups plants and animals into groups according to their similaritiesaccording to their similarities

Linnaeus’ SystemLinnaeus’ System

Practical Method for classificationPractical Method for classification

KindgomKindgom KingKing

PhylumPhylum PhillipPhillip

Class Class CaughtCaught

OrderOrder OneOne

FamilyFamily FunnyFunny

GenusGenus GreenGreen

SpeciesSpecies SnakeSnake

Last 2 divisions give the scientific Last 2 divisions give the scientific namename

Languages for scientific names were Languages for scientific names were Latin and Greek; chosen because Latin and Greek; chosen because educated people in the Western educated people in the Western world spoke these languagesworld spoke these languages

KingdomsKingdoms

Plant KingdomPlant KingdomAnimal KingdomAnimal Kingdom

Plant KingdomPlant Kingdom

ForestsForests FungusFungus

More Plant KingdomMore Plant Kingdom

Venus Fly TrapVenus Fly Trap FlowersFlowers

Animal KingdomAnimal Kingdom

AlligatorAlligator BirdsBirds

More Animal KingdomMore Animal Kingdom

AmoebaAmoeba ButterfliesButterflies

More Animal KingdomMore Animal Kingdom

DeerDeer EagleEagle

Animal KingdomAnimal Kingdom

Vertebrates = animal with a Vertebrates = animal with a backbonebackbone

Invertebrates = animals without a Invertebrates = animals without a backbonebackbone

VertebratesVertebrates

HorseHorse CatsCats

Vertebrate = CatVertebrate = Cat

Other Cat ClassificationsOther Cat Classifications

OrdersOrdersCarnivoresCarnivores

FamilyFamilyFelidsFelids

GenusGenusFelisFelis

SpeciesSpeciesFelineFeline

Class of Vertebrates = 3%Class of Vertebrates = 3%

MammalsMammalsBirdsBirdsFishFishAmphibiansAmphibiansReptilesReptiles

InvertebratesInvertebrates

ButterfliesButterflies ParameciumParamecium

Classes of Invertebrates = Classes of Invertebrates = 97%97%

Protozoans – microscopic animalsProtozoans – microscopic animals ParameciumParamecium AmoebaAmoeba

ArthropodsArthropods InsectsInsects ArachnidsArachnids CrustaceansCrustaceans CentipedesCentipedes MillipedesMillipedes MollusksMollusks WormsWorms

Phylum ArthropodsPhylum Arthropods

External skeleton = exoskeleton – External skeleton = exoskeleton – made of chitin (tough material of made of chitin (tough material of protein)protein)

Jointed appendages = legsJointed appendages = legsSegmented bodiesSegmented bodies

90% are in the insect class90% are in the insect class

InsectsInsects

3 body parts: head, thorax, abdomen3 body parts: head, thorax, abdomen1 pair of antennae to help feel, hear, 1 pair of antennae to help feel, hear,

and tasteand tasteSimple eyes to see light and shadowSimple eyes to see light and shadowCompound eyes to see in many Compound eyes to see in many

directions at oncedirections at onceSpiracles – tiny openings in the Spiracles – tiny openings in the

abdomen where air entersabdomen where air enters

More Insect NotesMore Insect Notes

Tracheae – breathing tubesTracheae – breathing tubes3 pairs of jointed legs3 pairs of jointed legs1 or more pairs of wings1 or more pairs of wings

InsectsInsects

ButterflyButterfly Praying mantisPraying mantis

MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Metamorphosis = change in Metamorphosis = change in appearanceappearance

Complete metamorphosisComplete metamorphosisEgg = larva = pupa = adultEgg = larva = pupa = adultExamples are butterflies and mothsExamples are butterflies and moths

Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis

Monarch butterflyMonarch butterfly Horn devil mothHorn devil moth

Incomplete MetamorphosisIncomplete Metamorphosis

Egg = nymph = adultEgg = nymph = adult Example: grasshopperExample: grasshopper

Familiar Order of InsectsFamiliar Order of Insects

Orthoptera = means straight wingsOrthoptera = means straight wingsStraight, papery wings that fold in a Straight, papery wings that fold in a

straight line along bodies when not straight line along bodies when not flyingflying

Examples of OrthopteraExamples of Orthoptera

Examples: crickets, grasshoppers, locusts, Examples: crickets, grasshoppers, locusts, cockroachescockroaches

More OrdersMore Orders

Odonata = means toothedOdonata = means toothedLong, slender bodies; huge eyes; 2 Long, slender bodies; huge eyes; 2

pair of transparent wingspair of transparent wings

Examples of Odonata OrderExamples of Odonata Order

DamselflyDamselfly DragonflyDragonfly

Coleoptera OrderColeoptera Order

Coleoptera = means sheath wingsColeoptera = means sheath wings¼ of all insects are in this order¼ of all insects are in this orderStraight line down their backsStraight line down their backs

Coleoptera ExampleColeoptera Example

BeetlesBeetles

Homoptera OrderHomoptera Order

Homoptera = means same wingsHomoptera = means same wingsWhen not flying, their wings look like When not flying, their wings look like

a tenta tentThey are a nuisance to farmersThey are a nuisance to farmers

HomopteraHomoptera

AphidsAphids CicadaCicada

HymenopteraHymenoptera

Hymenoptera means membrane Hymenoptera means membrane wingswings

Social insects like bees, ants and Social insects like bees, ants and waspswasps

Lepidotera OrderLepidotera Order

Lepidoptera means scale wingsLepidoptera means scale wingsButterflies fly during the dayButterflies fly during the dayMoths fly mostly at night (nocturnal)Moths fly mostly at night (nocturnal)

Lepidoptera ExamplesLepidoptera Examples

Monarch ButterflyMonarch Butterfly Horn Devil MothHorn Devil Moth

Hemiptera OrderHemiptera Order

Hemiptera means helf wingHemiptera means helf wingFront wings cross over to form an X Front wings cross over to form an X

or V at the base of the abdomenor V at the base of the abdomenTrue bugsTrue bugs

Hemiptera ExamplesHemiptera Examples

Stink BugStink Bug

Diptera OrderDiptera Order

Diptera means two wingsDiptera means two wingsLeave popular group of insectsLeave popular group of insects

Diptera ExamplesDiptera Examples

FlyFly MosquitoMosquito

Arthropod Engineers: SpidersArthropod Engineers: Spiders

Belong to Animal Kingdom and Belong to Animal Kingdom and Phylum Arthropod; Class of ArachnidsPhylum Arthropod; Class of Arachnids

8 legs8 legsSimple eyes with poor visionSimple eyes with poor vision2 distinct body regions2 distinct body regions

AbdomenAbdomenCephalothorax = head and thorax Cephalothorax = head and thorax

combinedcombined

Arachnids continuedArachnids continued

No wings, so they crawl from place to No wings, so they crawl from place to placeplace

No antennae, but feel with setae No antennae, but feel with setae (sensitive hairs that grow all over (sensitive hairs that grow all over their body)their body)

Creative engineers making webs to Creative engineers making webs to trap foodtrap food

Arachnids continuedArachnids continued

Breathe with book lung (organ in Breathe with book lung (organ in their body where several thin sheets their body where several thin sheets of tissue are filled with blood vessels of tissue are filled with blood vessels like a book’s pages)like a book’s pages)

Growth is from baby spiders; not Growth is from baby spiders; not through metamorphosisthrough metamorphosis

Spider WebsSpider Webs

Manufacture silk inside their abdomensManufacture silk inside their abdomensUse silk webs to trap insects for foodUse silk webs to trap insects for foodRely on silk safety lines to keep from Rely on silk safety lines to keep from

falling when they jump from place to falling when they jump from place to placeplace

Use camouflage (disguise or conceal) Use camouflage (disguise or conceal) their hideaways with silktheir hideaways with silk

BallooningBallooning = way young spiders sail = way young spiders sail through the air on silk strandsthrough the air on silk strands

SpidersSpiders

Spinnerets = special tubelike Spinnerets = special tubelike structures on a spider that produce structures on a spider that produce silksilk

Orb Web = wheel-shaped spider web Orb Web = wheel-shaped spider web with a spider in the center; only lasts with a spider in the center; only lasts about a dayabout a day

Selection of SpidersSelection of Spiders

Platform spider = blankets a small Platform spider = blankets a small section of ground with a flat maze of section of ground with a flat maze of silk to form a sheet websilk to form a sheet web

Ogre-faced spider = uses its silk to Ogre-faced spider = uses its silk to make a tiny net small enough to hold make a tiny net small enough to hold between its legbetween its leg

Kinds of SpidersKinds of Spiders

Trapdoor spiders = digs a hole in the Trapdoor spiders = digs a hole in the ground and waits for its meal; lines the ground and waits for its meal; lines the hole with silk and then build a silk trap hole with silk and then build a silk trap door that fils snugly over the top of the door that fils snugly over the top of the holehole

Spitting spider = spits out a pair of Spitting spider = spits out a pair of strong, sticky threads to immobilize its strong, sticky threads to immobilize its victimvictim

Water spider = lives entire life Water spider = lives entire life underwaterunderwater

Spitting SpiderSpitting Spider

Trapdoor SpiderTrapdoor Spider

spider home

More Kinds of SpidersMore Kinds of Spiders

Black Widow = found in dark Black Widow = found in dark basements and sheds; can easily be basements and sheds; can easily be recognized by the red, orange, or recognized by the red, orange, or yellow “hourglass” on its black yellow “hourglass” on its black abdomen; bite can be deadlyabdomen; bite can be deadly

Brown Recluse = harmful spider by a Brown Recluse = harmful spider by a dark violin-shaped mark on top of its dark violin-shaped mark on top of its body; bite is painless, but venom is body; bite is painless, but venom is deadlydeadly

Pictures of SpidersPictures of Spiders

Black WidowBlack Widow Brown RecluseBrown Recluse

More SpidersMore Spiders

Tarantula = largest spiders in the Tarantula = largest spiders in the world; feeds primarily on insects, world; feeds primarily on insects, small reptiles, small mammals, and small reptiles, small mammals, and sometimes frogssometimes frogs

Goliath birdeater of South America is Goliath birdeater of South America is the world’s largest tarantulathe world’s largest tarantula

Harvestman = daddy longlegs; round Harvestman = daddy longlegs; round body suspended between 8 long legs; body suspended between 8 long legs; feeds on insects and garden plantsfeeds on insects and garden plants

More Arachnid PicturesMore Arachnid Pictures

TarantulaTarantula HarvestmanHarvestman

More ArachnidsMore Arachnids

Scorpion = long tail with a poisonous Scorpion = long tail with a poisonous needlelike point on the endneedlelike point on the end

TicksTicksMites = can cause a skin infection Mites = can cause a skin infection

called mange (fatal for animals if left called mange (fatal for animals if left untreated); people get skin infections untreated); people get skin infections called called scabiesscabies

HostHost = term describes the organism = term describes the organism on which a parasite liveson which a parasite lives

THETHE

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