Classification of Living Organisms Biology 11 Ms. Bowie

Classification of Living Organisms

Biology 11

Ms. Bowie

3 Domain System

6 Kingdom System

The 6 Kingdoms

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F7tVnQ4tVKk

Kingdom - Archaea

Methanogens

Metanogens are able to reduce CO2 into methane (CH4).

They die if exposed to oxygen. They produce marsh gas as

bubbles in stagnant water. They are also present in the gut

of cattle and termites, since there is no oxygen there.

Methanogens are rod shaped or spherical.

Halophiles

Halophiles are bacteria that can survive in extremely salty environments (up to 10 times more concentrated than the amount of salt in the ocean.

They contain bacteriorhodopsin, a red or orange pigment.

Thermoacidophiles

The thermoacidophiles are organisms that can survive in extremely high temperatures and low pH.

They can survive in 100° Celsius with a pH of 2.

Most of these organisms are anaerobic in nature.

Kingdom – Eubacteria

Eubacteria (true Bacteria)

• Some eubacteria are considered as helpful bacteria.

• For instance, lactobacillus helps in the formation of curd.

• There are many which help in the making cheese and pickles.

• Nitrogen fixing eubacteria helps in the process of nitrogen fixation.

• They live in almost everywhere.

• Some eubacteria are harmful and can cause meningitis, cholera, typhus, lyme's, salmonellosis, tetanus, tuberculosis, etc.

• Some of the eubacteria examples are Bacillus anthracis, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, etc.

Eubacteria (true Bacteria)

• Can also be classified by their three main shapes:– Cocci (round)

– Baccilli (rod shaped)

– Spirulla (spiral shaped)

Kingdom - Protista

• Unicellular (only 1 cell big)

• They have a true nucleus (eukaryotic)

• Some behave more like plants, others are more like animals.

Typical Protists

The Amoeba

The Paramecium

The Euglena

Kingdom - Fungi

• Non-motile (they can’t move)

• They are heterotrophs (can’t make their own food)

• They absorb food from dead material.

Kingdom - Plantae

• Unicellular (e.g. phytoplankton) and Multicellular (e.g. trees)

• Autotrophs (can carry out photosynthesis to make their own food).

• Generally stationary (except for the plankton)

Kingdom - Plantae

Kingdom - Animalia

• Eukaryotic

• Multicellular

• Heterotrophs (can’t make own food)

• Most can move from place to place

Kingdom - Animalia

The 9 Animal Phyla

The 9 Animal Phyla

The 9 Animal Phyla

Chordate Classes

Chordate Classes

Mammilia