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8/12/2019 China Economic World Ranking Report Jan 2010
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China Economic World Ranking Report January 2010
CEWR-0003
China Economic Databases, National Chengchi University
CCCHHH IIINNN AAA EEECCCOOONNN OOOMMMIIICCC WWWOOORRRLLLDDD RRRAAANNN KKKIIINNN GGG RRREEEPPPOOORRRTTT
Chen-yuan Tung Professor, Graduate Institute of Development Studies
Amy T. Mah Research Associate, China Economic Databases
Guo-chen Wang PhD Student, Graduate Institute of Development StudiesIssue 3 - January 2010
Top 3 China economic world rankings
Index Ranking Economies
Foreign Exchange Reserves 1 156
Exports of Manufactured Goods 1 153
Exports of Office and Telecom Equipment 1 153
Current Account Balance 1 182
Coal Production 1 215Coal Consumption 1 215
Carbon Dioxide Emission 1 215
GDP PPP 2 182
Exports of Merchandise 2 153
Petroleum Consumption 2 215
Electricity Net Generation 2 215
Electricity Net Consumption 2 215
Primary Energy Production 2 215
Primary Energy Consumption 2 215
Nominal GDP 3 182
Imports of Merchandise 3 153
Exports of Construction 3 153
Exports of Other Business Services 3 153
Market Value of Publicly Traded Shares 3 110
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CHINA ECONOMIC WORLD RANKING REPORT January 2010
I. Chinas Internal Economy World Rankings
According to the Report ofInternational Monetary Fund, in 2008,Chinas Nominal GDP was USD 4,327.4 billion, 3 rd among 182 economies. TheChinese GDP-annual real growth rate was 9%, 16 th of 182 economies. GDPannual real growth rate of additionalBRIC 1 countries for 2008 were asfollows: amongst 182 economies, Brazilranked 76 th with a growth rate of 5.1%;
India ranked 29 th with a growth rate of7.3%; Russia ranked 67 th with a growthrate of 5.6%.
Based on purchasing power parity(PPP), Chinas 2008 GDP was USD7,926.5 billion, 2 nd amongst 182economies; the per capita GDP was USD
5,970, 101st
amongst 182 economies.GDP per capita for additional BRICcountries were as follows: amongst 182economies, Brazil ranked 78 th with percapita GDP of USD 10,465.8; Indiaranked 131 st with per capita GDP of USD2,779.9; Russia ranked 53 rd , with percapita GDP of USD 15,947.9.
In terms of price in 2009, Chinasconsumer price index (CPI) grew 5.9%according to the Report of InternationalMonetary Fund; 99 th of 222 economies.
1 An acronym for the economies of Brazil,Russia, India and China combined. The generalconsensus is that the term was first prominentlyused in a Goldman Sachs report from 2003,
which speculated that by 2050 these foureconomies would be wealthier than most of thecurrent major economic powers.
On population, World HealthOrganizations investigation indicated,the 2006 population annual growth rate was 0.6%, 138 th of 193 economies. The2006 population in urban areas was42%, 131 st of 193 economies. The 2006life expectancy at birth for both sexes inChina was 73 years, 65 th of 193economies. The 2006 life expectancy at
birth for female in China was 75 years,73 rd of 193 economies. The 2006 lifeexpectancy at birth for male in China was 72 years, 55 th of 193 economies.
Additionally, to measure the levelof economic and social development,according to the Human Development
Index by United Nations, the 2007Chinas Index score was 0.772, 92 nd of182 economies. The 2007 HumanDevelopment Index Scores foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 182 economies; Brazilranked 75 th with a score of 0.813; Indiaranked 134 th with a score of 0.612;Russia ranked 71 st with a score of 0.817.
According to the statistics of WorldBank, China scored 4.47 in the 2009Knowledge Economy Index, 81 st of 145economies. The 2009 KnowledgeEconomy Index scores for additionalBRIC countries were as follows:amongst 145 economies; Brazil ranked
54 th with a score of 5.66; India ranked
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109 th with a score of 3.09; Russia ranked60 th with a score of 5.55.
According to United Nationsinvestigation results, Chinas 2007 Ginicoefficient was 0.415, 92 th of 182economies, which emphasized thegrowing concern over the incomedisparity in China. The 2007 Ginicoefficients for additional BRICcountries were as follows: amongst 182economies, Brazil ranked 75 th with a
coefficient of 0.55; India ranked 134 th with a coefficient of 0.368; Russiaranked 71 st with a coefficient of 0.375.
The 2007 Human Poverty Index
(HPI-1) for China was 7.7%, 36 th of 135economies. The 2007 HPI-1 scores forother BRIC countries were as follows:amongst 135 economies, Brazil ranked43 rd with a score of 8.6%; India ranked88 th with a score of 28%; Russia ranked32 nd with a score of 7.4%.
Furthermore, according to theinvestigation result of World HealthOrganization, the 2004 population ratioliving below the poverty line for China
was 9.9%, 58 th of 193 economies.
II. Chinas External Economy World Rankings
According to The Heritage
Foundation, China ranked 140th
of 183economies in the 2010 Index ofEconomic Freedom, with a value of 51.2010 economic freedom scores foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 183 economies, Brazilranked 113 th with a score of 55.6; Indiaranked 124 th with a score of 53.8; Russiaranked 143 th with a score of 50.3.
The KOF Swiss Economic Institutes2009 Economic Globalization Indexranked China 83 rd of 208 economies, with a score of 60.47. The 2009Economic Globalization Index scores foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 208 economies, Brazil
ranked 82 nd with a score of 60.48; India
ranked 120 th with a score of 44.84;
Russia ranked 91st
with a score of 57.04.
Moreover, in the 2009 Chinas World Competitiveness by InternationalInstitute for Management Development,China ranked 20 th of 57 economies. The2009 World Competitiveness rankingsfor additional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 57 economies, Brazilranked 40 th ; India ranked 30 th ; Russiaranked 49 th .
According to World EconomicForum, Chinas 2009 GlobalCompetitiveness Index was 4.74, 29 th of133 economies. Scores for additionalBRIC countries were as follows:
amongst 133 economies, Brazil ranked
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CHINA ECONOMIC WORLD RANKING REPORT January 2010
56 th with a score of 4.23; India ranked49 th with a score of 4.3; Russia ranked63 rd with a score of 4.15.
Chinas 2008 Networked ReadinessIndex was 46 th of 134 economies. According to the investigation ofInternational TelecommunicationUnion, the 2007 ICT DevelopmentIndex for China was 3.11, 73 rd of 154economies.
In World Banks World TradeIndicators 2008 indices, China ranked63 rd among 125 economies in the TradePolicy Index; 51 st among 126 economiesin the External Environment Index; 83 rd among 181 economies in theInstitutional Environment Index; 30 th among 151 economies in the Trade
Facilitation Index; 34th
among 161economies in the Trade Outcome Index.Lastly, in the 2009 Enabling TradeIndex by World Economic Forum, Chinaranked 49 th among 121 economies with ascore of 4.19.
On international trade, WorldTrade Organization indicated, the 2008merchandise imports for China totaledUSD 1,132.5 billion, 3 rd of 153economies and 3 rd among 126 countriesexcluding the intra-EU trading activity.Merchandise imports rankings foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 153 economies, Brazilranked 24 th with a total of USD 182.4
billion; India ranked 16 th with a total of
USD 293.4 billion; Russia ranked 17 th with a total of USD 291.9 billion.Excluding the intra-EU trading activity,amongst 126 countries, Brazil ranked16th ; India ranked 10 th ; Russia ranked11th .
The 2008 merchandise export forChina totaled USD 1,428.3 billion, 2 nd of153 economies and 2 nd among 126countries excluding the intra-EU tradingactivity. Merchandise exports rankings
for additional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 153 economies, Brazilranked 22 nd with a total of USD 197.9 billion; India ranked 27 th with a total ofUSD 177.5 billion; Russia ranked 9 th with a total of USD 471.6 billion.Excluding the intra-EU trading activity,amongst 126 countries, Brazil ranked
16th
; India ranked 19th
; Russia ranked5th .
The 2008 imports for commercialservices totaled USD 158 billion, 5 th among 153 economies and 4 th among126 countries excluding the intra-EUtrading activity. Commercial servicesimports rankings for additional BRICcountries were as follows: amongst 153economies, Brazil ranked 22 nd with atotal of USD 44.4 billion; India ranked13th with a total of USD 83.6 billion;Russia ranked 16 th with a total of USD74.6 billion. Excluding the intra-EUtrading activity, amongst 126 countries,Brazil ranked 13 th ; India ranked 7 th ;
Russia ranked 9 th .
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The 2008 exports for commercialservices totaled USD 146.4 billion, 5 th among 153 economies and 3 rd among126 countries excluding the intra-EUtrading activity. Commercial servicesexports rankings for additional BRICcountries were as follows: amongst 153economies, Brazil ranked 31 st with atotal of USD 28.8 billion; India ranked9 th with a total of USD 102.6 billion;
Russia ranked 22 nd with a total of USD50.7 billion. Excluding the intra-EUtrading activity, amongst 126 countries,Brazil ranked 18 th ; India ranked 5 th ;Russia ranked 11 th .
According to the statistics ofInternational Monetary Fund, in 2008,Chinas current account balance wasUSD 426.1 billion, 1 st of 182 countries.
III. Chinas World Rankings by Trade Categories
Figure 1. Major exporters of manufactures, 2000 - 08
On merchandise exports for 2008,China surpassed Germany to becomethe worlds largest exporter ofmanufactured goods with anapproximated total of USD 1,300 billion as stated in the annual report of
World Trade Organization, rankingChina 1 st of 153 economies. In addition,China posted the strongest annualperformance in office and telecomequipment export in 2008, alsoranking 1 st of 153 economies.
0200400600
8001000120014001600
2000 2005 2006 2007 2008
Billion dollars
China
Japan
UnitedStates
Germany
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Figure 2. Chinas rankings of commercial services exports
On commercial services, the total
2007 exports of communicationsservices was USD 1,175 million, 8 th of153 economies. The 2007 exports ofcommunications services rankings foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 153 economies,India ranked 4 th with a total of USD2,288 million; Russia ranked 7 th with
a total of USD 1,272 million.
The total 2007 exports ofconstruction was USD 5,377 million,3rd of 153 economies. The 2007 exportsof construction rankings for additionalBRIC countries were as follows:amongst 153 economies, India ranked
9th
with a total of USD 845 million;Russia ranked 4 th with a total of USD3,450 million.
The total 2007 exports ofinsurance services was USD 904million, 9 th of 153 economies. The 2007exports of insurance services rankingsfor additional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 153 economies, India
ranked 7 th with a total of USD 1,504
million; Brazil ranked 13 th with a totalof USD 543 million.
The total 2007 exports of financialservices was USD 12,425 million, 4 th of153 economies. The 2007 exports offinancial services rankings foradditional BRIC countries were as
follows: amongst 153 economies, Indiaranked 8 th with a total of USD 3,886million; Brazil ranked 12 th with a totalof USD 1,090 million; Russia ranked11th with a total of USD 1,174 million.
The total 2007 exports ofcomputer services was USD 207
million, 13th
of 153 economies. The2007 exports of computer servicesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, India ranked 2 nd with atotal of USD 27,110 million; Russiaranked 8 th with a total of USD 1,012million.
The total 2007 exports of
83
94
61313
34
communications servicesconstruction
insurance servicesfinancial services
computer and information servicescomputer servicesroyalties and license fees
other business servicesaudiovisual and related services
153 economies
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computer and information services wasUSD 4,345 million, 6 th of 153economies. The 2007 exports ofcomputer and information servicesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, India ranked 2 nd with atotal of USD 27,668 million; Russiaranked 10 th with a total of USD 1,097million.
The total 2007 exports of royalties
and licenses fees was USD 343 million,13th of 153 economies. The 2007exports of royalties and licenses feesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, Brazil ranked 14 th with atotal of 319 million; Russia ranked 11 th with a total of USD 396 million.
The total 2007 exports of other business services 2 was USD 40,408million, 3 rd of 153 economies. The2007 exports of other business servicesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, India ranked 5 th with atotal of USD 30,783 million; Brazilranked 13 th with a total of USD 11,064million; Russia ranked 14 th with a total
2 Exports and imports of other businessservices comprise of trade-related services,operational leasing (rentals), andmiscellaneous business, professional andtechnical services such as legal, accounting,management consulting, public relationsservices, advertising, market research andpublic opinion polling, research and
development services, architectural,engineering, and other technical services,agricultural, mining and on-site processing.
of USD 9,624 million.
The total 2007 exports ofaudiovisual and related services wasUSD 316 million, 4 th of 153 economies.The 2007 exports of audiovisual andrelated services rankings for additionalBRIC countries were as follows:amongst 153 economies, Russia ranked9 th with a total of USD 196 million.
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Figure 3. Chinas rankings of commercial services imports
On commercial services, the total
2007 imports of communicationsservices was USD 1,082 million, 6 th of153 economies. The 2007 imports ofcommunications services rankings foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 153 economies, Indiaranked 13 th with a total of USD 714million; Russia ranked 5 th with a totalof USD 1,298 million.
The total 2007 imports ofconstruction was USD 2,910 million,6 th of 153 economies. The 2007imports of construction rankings foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 153 economies, Indiaranked 11 th with a total of USD 691million; Russia ranked 3 rd with a totalof USD 6,454 million.
The total 2007 imports ofinsurance services was USD 10,664million, 4 th of 153 economies. The 2007imports of insurance services rankingsfor additional BRIC countries were as
follows: amongst 153 economies, India
ranked 7 th with a total of USD 3,203
million; Brazil ranked 11th
with a totalof USD 1,308 million.
The total 2007 imports of financialservices was USD 2,807 million, 6 th of153 economies. The 2007 imports offinancial services rankings foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 153 economies, Indiaranked 5 th with a total of USD 3,262million; Brazil ranked 12 th with a totalof USD 807 million; Russia ranked 9 th with a total of USD 1,407 million.
The total 2007 imports ofcomputer services was USD 346million, 10 th of 153 economies. The2007 imports of computer servicesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, India ranked 3 rd with atotal of USD 3,212 million; Brazilranked 4 th with a total of USD 2,205million; Russia ranked 8 th with a totalof USD 754 million.
66
46
710
74
12
communications servicesconstruction
insurance servicesfinancial services
computer and information servicescomputer services
royalties and license feesother business services
audiovisual and related services
153 economies
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The total 2007 imports ofcomputer and information services wasUSD 2,208 million, 7 th of 153economies. The 2007 imports ofcomputer and information servicesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, India ranked 4 th with atotal of USD 3,509 million; Brazilranked 6 th with a total of USD 2,273million; Russia ranked 10 th with a totalof USD 956.
The total 2007 imports of royaltiesand licenses fees was USD 8,192million, 7 th of 153 economies. The 2007imports of royalties and licenses feesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, Brazil ranked 13 th with a
total of 2,259 million; Russia ranked10 th with a total of USD 2,806 million.
The total 2007 imports of other business services was USD 30,431million, 4 th of 153 economies. The 2007imports of other business servicesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, India ranked 6 th with atotal of USD 19,062 million; Brazilranked 10 th with a total of USD 10,586million; Russia ranked 9 th with a totalof USD 11,618 million.
The total 2007 imports ofaudiovisual and related services wasUSD 154 million, 12 th of 153 economies.The 2007 imports of audiovisual andrelated services rankings for additionalBRIC countries were as follows:amongst 153 economies, Brazil ranked7th with a total of USD 456 million;
Russia ranked 6th
with a total of USD624 million.
IV. Chinas World Rankings of Energy Productions and Consumptions
Figure 4. Rankings of energy productions
On energy productions of China,
International Energy Agency reported,
the 2008 daily petroleum production was 3,973 thousand barrels, 5 th of 215economies.
The 2007 natural gas productionof China was 2,446 billion cubic feet,13th of 215 economies.
The 2007 coal production of China was 2,795.5 million short tons 3, 1st of215 economies.
3 The short ton is a unit of weight equal to2,000 pounds (907.18474 kg).
5
13
12
2
petroleum
natural gas
coal
electricity (net)
primary energy
215 economies
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The 2006 electricity netgeneration of China was 18,015 billionkilowatt hours, 2 nd of 215 economies.
The 2006 total primary energyproduction of China was 469quadrillion Btu 4, 2 nd of 215 economies.
Figure 5. Rankings of energy
consumptions or emissions
On energy consumptions of China,International Energy Agency reported,the 2008 daily petroleum consumption was 7,831 thousand barrels per day, 2 nd of 215 economies.
The 2007 natural gasconsumption of China was 2,490 billion cubic feet, 12 th of 215economies.
The 2007 coal consumption ofChina was 2,772.8 million short tons,1st of 215 economies.
4
1 quadrillion British thermal unit (Btu) isdefined as 10 15 Btu, which is about oneexajoule ((1.055 10 18 J).
The 2006 electricity netconsumption of China was 16,379 billion kilowatt hours, 2 nd of 215economies.
The 2006 total primary energyconsumption of China was 472quadrillion Btu, 2 nd of 215 economies.
The 2006 carbon dioxide emissionof China was 29,195 million metrictons, 1 st of 215 economies.
2
12
1
2
21
petroleum
natural gas
coal
electricity (net)
primary energy carbon dioxide
215 economies
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V. Chinas Financial World Rankings
Figure 6. Rankings of financial developments
World Economic Forum reported,China placed 26 th in the 2009Financial Development Index amongst55 economies with a score of 3.87. TheFinancial Development Index rankingsof other BRIC countries were as follows:amongst 55 economies, Brazil ranked34 th with a score of 3.46; India ranked
38th
with a score of 3.3; Russia ranked40 th with a score of 3.16.
Figure 7. Rankings of Forex reserves
According to The Peoples Bank ofChina, the 2009 foreign exchangereserves (Forex reserves) of China wasUSD 2.4 trillion, 1 st of 156 countries.Forex reserves for additional BRICcountries were as follows: amongst 156countries, Brazil ranked 8 th with
reserves of USD 0.24 trillion; Indiaranked 5 th with reserves of USD 0.29trillion; Russia ranked 3 rd with reservesof USD 0.45 trillion.
1
8
5
3
China
Brazil
India
Russia
156 countries
26
34
38
40
China
Brazil
India
Russia
55 economies
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China Economic World Rankings
Index RankingsSample
SizeSource Year
Nominal GDP 3 182The International Monetary
Fund 2008
GDP Real Growth Rate 16 182The International Monetary
Fund2008
GDP PPP 2 182The International Monetary
Fund2008
GDP Per Capita -PPP 101 182The International Monetary
Fund2008
Foreign Exchange Reserves 1 156 The Peoples Bank of China 2009
Inflation Rate -Consumer
Prices161 182
The International Monetary
Fund2008
Population Annual Growth
Rate (%)138 193 World Health Organization 2006
Population in Urban Areas 131 193 World Health Organization 2006
Population Living Below the
Poverty Line 58 193 World Health Organization 2004
Life Expectancy at Birth (years)
Both Sexes65 193 World Health Organization 2006
Life Expectancy at Birth (years)
Female73 193 World Health Organization 2006
Life Expectancy at Birth (years)
Male55 193 World Health Organization 2006
ICT Development Index 73 154International
Telecommunication Union 2007
Knowledge Economy Index 81 145 World Bank 2009
Gini Index 92 182 United Nations 2007
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) 36 135 United Nations 2007
Human Development Index 92 182 United Nations 2007
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China Economic World Rankings
Index RankingsSample
SizeSource Year
Index of Economic Freedom 140 183 The Heritage Foundation 2010
Economic Globalization 83 208KOF Swiss Economic
Institute2009
Imports of Merchandise 3 153 World Trade Organization 2008
Imports of Merchandise
Sans intra-EU Trade3 126 World Trade Organization 2008
Imports of Commercial
Services 5 153 World Trade Organization 2008
Imports of Commercial
Services Sans intra-EU Trade4 126 World Trade Organization 2008
Exports of Merchandise 2 153 World Trade Organization 2008
Exports of Merchandise Sans
intra-EU trade2 126 World Trade Organization 2008
Exports of Commercial Services 7 153 World Trade Organization 2008
Exports of Commercial Services
Sans intra-EU Trade3 126 World Trade Organization 2008
Exports of Manufactured
Goods1 153 World Trade Organization 2008
Exports of Office and Telecom
Equipment1 153 World Trade Organization 2008
Exports of Communications
Services 8 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Imports of Communications
Services6 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Exports of Construction 3 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Imports of Construction 6 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Exports of Insurance Services 9 153 World Trade Organization 2007
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China Economic World Rankings
Index RankingsSample
SizeSource Year
Imports of Insurance Services 4 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Exports of Financial Services 4 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Imports of Financial Services 6 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Exports of Computer Services 13 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Imports of Computer Services 10 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Exports of Computer and
Information Services6 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Imports of Computer and
Information Services7 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Royalties and License Fees
(Exports)13 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Royalties and License Fees
(Imports) 7 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Exports of other Business
Services3 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Imports of other Business
Services4 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Exports of Audiovisual and
Related Services4 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Imports of Audiovisual and
Related Services 12 153 World Trade Organization 2007
Global Competitiveness Index 29 133 World Economic Forum 2009
Current Account Balance 1 182The International Monetary
Fund2008
World Competitiveness 20 57International Institute for
Management Development2009
Financial Development Index 26 55 World Economic Forum 2009
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China Economic World Ranking Report January 2010
China Economic World Rankings
Index RankingsSample
SizeSource Year
Trade Policy 63 125 World Bank 2008
External Environment 51 126 World Bank 2008
Institutional Environment 83 181 World Bank 2008
Trade Facilitation 30 151 World Bank 2008
Trade Outcome 34 161 World Bank 2008
The Enabling Trade Index 49 121 World Economic Forum 2009
Networked Readiness Index 46 134 World Economic Forum 2008
Petroleum Production 5 215 International Energy Agency 2008
Petroleum Consumption 2 215 International Energy Agency 2008
Natural Gas Production 13 215 International Energy Agency 2007
Natural Gas Consumption 12 215 International Energy Agency 2007
Coal Production 1 215 International Energy Agency 2007
Coal Consumption 1 215 International Energy Agency 2007
Electricity Net Generation 2 215 International Energy Agency 2006
Electricity Net Consumption 2 215 International Energy Agency 2006
Primary Energy Production 2 215 International Energy Agency 2006
Primary Energy Consumption 2 215 International Energy Agency 2006
Carbon Dioxide Emission 1 215 International Energy Agency 2006
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CHINA ECONOMIC WORLD RANKING REPORT January 2010
Links to Sources:
1. World Bank, ( http://www.worldbank.org/ ).
2. United Nations, ( http://www.un.org/ ).
3. World Economic Forum, ( http://www.weforum.org/ ).
4. International Institute for Management Development, ( http://www.imd.ch/ ).
5. The Heritage Foundation, ( http://www.heritage.org/ ).
6. The International Monetary Fund, ( http://www.imf.org/ ).
7. KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ( http://www.kof.ethz.ch/ ).
8. World Trade Organization, ( http://www.wto.org/ ).
9. World Health Organization, ( http://www.who.int/ ).
10. International Telecommunication Union, ( http://www.itu.int/ ).
11. International Energy Agency, ( http://www.iea.org/ ).
12. The Peoples Bank of China, ( http://www.pbc.gov.cn/ ).
Note:
1. The imports and exports rankings of financial services are rankings of Hong Kong, China. 2. Rankings of World Trade Organization are from the 2009 Report, and the latest data on rankings
in the Report are from years 2007 and 2008. 3. Rankings of United Nations and International Telecommunication Union are from 2009 Reports,
and the latest data on rankings in the Reports are from year 2007.
4.
Rankings of World Health Organization, International Energy Agency, and The HeritageFoundation are listed in the actual ranking years.
5. The latest rankings from The International Monetary Fund are from 2008, equivalent to issue 2 of
China Economic World Ranking Report. 6. The latest rankings of Trade Policy, External Environment, Institutional Environment, Trade
Facilitation, and Trade Outcome from World Bank are equivalent to issue 2 of China World
Ranking Report, updates are not available. 7. The latest rankings of The Enabling Trade Index and Networked Readiness Index are equivalent to
issue 2 of China World Ranking Report, updates are not available.
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Explanatory Note for Indices
Carbon Dioxide Emission: A colorless, odorless, non-poisonous gas that is a normal part of Earth's
atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a product of fossil-fuel combustion as well as other processes. It is
considered a greenhouse gas as it traps heat (infrared energy) radiated by the Earth into the
atmosphere and thereby contributes to the potential for global warming. Emission is the
anthropogenic releases of gases to the atmosphere (e.g., the release of carbon dioxide during fuel
combustion). It is the world carbon dioxide emissions from the consumption and flaring of fossil fuels
in million metric tons of carbon dioxide.
Coal Production and Consumption: The total production and consumption of coal in million
short tons.
Current Account Balance (Billions in USD): Balance on current transactions excluding
exceptional financing. This entry records a country's net trade in goods and services, plus net earnings
from rents, interest, profits, and dividends, and net transfer payments (such as pension funds and
worker remittances) to and from the rest of the world during the period specified.
Economic Globalization: The index is characterized as long distance flows of goods, capital and
services as well as information and perceptions that accompany market exchanges.
Electricity Net Generation: The amount of gross generation less the electrical energy consumed at
the generating station(s) for station service or auxiliaries. Note: Electricity required for pumping at
pumped-storage plants is regarded as electricity for station service and is deducted from gross
generation.
Exports of Commercial Services: The total US dollar amount of commercial services exports.
Exports of Commercial Services Sans intra-EU Trade: Exports of commercial services
excluding the intra-trades between the 27 European Union countries.
Exports and Imports of Audiovisual and Related Services: Imports and exports of audiovisual
and related services, including services and fees related to the production of motion pictures, radio and
television programs, and musical recordings.
Exports and Imports of Communications Services: Imports and exports of communicationsservices, which includes telecommunications, postal and courier services. Telecommunications
services encompasses the transmission of sound, images or other information by telephone, telex,
telegram, radio and television cable and broadcasting, satellite, electronic mail, facsimile services etc.,
including business network services, teleconferencing and support services. It does not include the
value of the information transported. Also included are cellular telephone services, Internet backbone
services and on-line access services, including provision of access to the Internet.
Exports and Imports of Computer and Information Services: Imports and exports of
computer and information services, that is subdivided into computer services (hardware and software
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Explanatory Note for Indices
related services and data processing services), news agency services (provision of news, photographs,
and feature articles to the media), and other information provision services (database services and web
search portals).
Exports and Imports of Computer Services: Exports and imports of hardware and software
related services and data processing services.
Exports and Imports of Construction: Imports and exports of construction, which covers work
performed on construction projects and installation by employees of an enterprise in locations outside
the territory of the enterprise (the one-year rule to determine residency is to be applied flexibly). In
addition goods used by construction companies for their projects are included which implies that the
"true" services component tends to be overestimated.
Exports and Imports of Financial Services: Imports and exports of financial services, thatcovers financial intermediation and auxiliary services provided by banks, stock exchanges, factoring
enterprises, credit card enterprises, and other enterprises.
Exports and Imports of Insurance Services: Imports and exports of insurance services, that
covers the provision of various types of insurance to non residents by resident insurance enterprises,
and vice versa, for example, freight insurance, direct insurance (e.g. life) and reinsurance.
Exports and Imports of Other Business Services: Exports and imports of other business
services, comprising of trade-related services, operational leasing (rentals), and miscellaneous
business, professional and technical services such as legal, accounting, management consulting, public
relations services, advertising, market research and public opinion polling, research and development
services, architectural, engineering, and other technical services, agricultural, mining and on-site
processing.
Exports of Manufactured Goods: Exports and imports of goods produced using primary goods,
including petroleum, steel, textiles, and baked goods.
Exports of Merchandise: The total US dollar amount of merchandise exports. Exports of goods,
not services, also called tangible exports.
Exports of Merchandise Sans intra-EU Trade: Exports of merchandise excluding the
intra-trades between the 27 European Union countries.
Exports of Office and Telecom Equipment: Exports of office and telecommunications
equipment.
External Environment: Included in this index are: MA-TTRI - All Goods Index which summarizes
the impact of other countries' trade policies on each country's exports, including preferential rates;
MA-OTRI - All Goods Index which summarizes the impact of other countries' trade policies on each
country's exports, including preferential rates and non-tariff measures.
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Financial Development Index: The financial development index ranks 55 of the world's leading
financial systems and capital markets. It analyses the drivers of financial system development and
economic growth in developed and developing countries to serve as a tool for countries to benchmark
themselves and establish priorities for reform. The rankings are based on over 120 variables spanning
institutional and business environments, financial stability, and size and depth of capital markets,
among other factors.
Foreign Exchange Reserves: Foreign exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) in a strict
sense are only the foreign currency deposits held by central banks and monetary authorities. However,
the term foreign exchange reserves in popular usage (such as this list) commonly includes foreign
exchange and gold, SDRs and IMF reserve position as this total figure is more readily available,
however it is accurately deemed as official reserves or international reserves. The list excludes
currency swaps conducted by central banks.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP), current prices (Billions in USD): A basic measure of a
countrys economic performance. It is the market value of all final goods and services made within the
borders of a nation in a year.
GDP based on Purchasing-Power-Parity (PPP) (Trillions in Current International
Dollar): A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all
goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the country. This is the
measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living
conditions or use of resources across countries.
GDP based on PPP per capita GDP (Trillions of Current International Dollar): GDP on a
purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year.
GDP, Constant Price (Annual Percent Change): Annual percentages of constant price GDP are
year-on-year changes; the base year is country-specific.
Gini Index: Measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or consumption) among
individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution.
Global Competitiveness Index: A highly comprehensive index for measuring national
competitiveness, which captures the microeconomic and macroeconomic foundations of national
competitiveness.
Human Development Index: The HDI provides a composite measure of three dimensions of
human development: living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), being educated
(measured by adult literacy and enrollment at the primary, secondary and tertiary level) and having a
decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity, PPP, income).
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1): While the HDI measures average achievement, the HPI-1measures deprivation in the three basic dimensions of human development captured in the HDI: 1. A
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long and healthy life vulnerability to death at a relatively early age, as measured by the probability at
birth of not surviving to age 40. 2. Knowledge exclusion from the world of reading and
communications, as measured by the adult illiteracy rate. 3. A decent standard of living lack of
access to overall economic provisioning, as measured by the un-weighted average of two indicators,
the percentage of the population not using an improved water source and the percentage of children
under weight-for-age.
Imports of Merchandise (Trillions in USD F.O.B): The total US dollar amount of merchandise
imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis.
Imports of Merchandise Sans intra-EU Trade: Imports of merchandise excluding the
intra-trades between the 27 European Union countries.
Imports of Commercial Services: The total US dollar amount of commercial services imports.Imports of services, not goods.
Imports of Commercial Services Sans intra-EU Trade: Imports of commercial services
excluding the intra-trades between the 27 European Union countries.
Index of Economic Freedom: A simple average of the 10 individual freedoms. The 10 economic
freedoms are: business freedom, trade freedom, fiscal freedom, government size, monetary freedom,
investment freedom, financial freedom, property rights, freedom from corruption, and labor freedom
Inflation, Average Consumer Prices (Annual Percentage Change): Data for inflation are
averages for the year, not end-of-period data. The annual percent change in consumer prices
compared with the previous year's consumer prices.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Development Index: ICT stands for
information and communication technologies. Analysis of global ICT developments based on
quantitative indicators ICT Development Index (IDI), incorporates different aspects and lessons
learned, from earlier indices, guided by previous ITU composite indices, such as the Digital Access
Index (DAI), the Digital Opportunity Index (DOI) and the ICT Opportunity Index (ICTOI). The IDI has
been produced as a response to calls by ITU Member States to merge previous ITU indices into a single
index in order to track the digital divide and benchmark information society developments.
Institutional Environment: This category includes The Ease of Doing Business Index which
presents quantitative indicators on business regulations and the protection of property rights that can
be compared across 181 economies. Regulations affecting 10 stages of the life of a business are
measures: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, employing workers, registering
property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts
and closing a business.
Knowledge of Economy Index: An aggregate index representing the overall preparedness of acountry or region towards the Knowledge Economy (KE). The KEI is constructed as the simple average
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of 4 sub-indexes, which represent the 4 pillars of the knowledge economy (economic incentive and
institutional regime (EIR), education and training, innovation and technological adoption,
information and communications technologies (ICT) infrastructure).
Life Expectancy at Birth (years): Life expectancy at birth reflects the overall mortality level of a
population. It summarizes the mortality pattern that prevails across all age groups - children and
adolescents, adults and the elderly. It is defined as the average number of years that a newborn
isexpected to live if current mortality rates continue to apply.
Natural Gas Production: The process of producing consumer-grade natural gas. Natural gas
withdrawn from reservoirs is reduced by volumes used at the production (lease) site and by processing
losses. Volumes used at the production site include (1) the volume returned to reservoirs in cycling,
repressuring of oil reservoirs, and conservation operations; and (2) gas vented and flared. Processing
losses include (1) nonhydrocarbon gases (e.g., water vapor, carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide,
and nitrogen) removed from the gas stream; and (2) gas converted to liquid form, such as lease
condensate and plant liquids. Volumes of dry gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs are not
considered part of production. Dry natural gas production equals marketed production less extraction
loss.
Network Readiness Index: The index records 134 countries worldwide and is a comprehensive
international assessment of the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the
development process and the competitiveness of nations.
Petroleum Production and Consumption: The production of petroleum, which is a broadly
defined class of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures. Included are crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils,
refined products obtained from the processing of crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. The
consumption of petroleum approximately represents consumption of petroleum products because it
measures the disappearance of these products from primary sources, i.e., refineries, natural
gas-processing plants, blending plants, pipelines, and bulk terminals. In general, product supplied of
each product in any given period is computed as follows: field production, plus refinery production,
plus imports, plus unaccounted-for crude oil (plus net receipts when calculated on a PAD District basis)minus stock change, minus crude oil losses, minus refinery inputs, and minus exports.
Population Annual Growth Rate (%): It is used to refer to the growth of the population of the
world.
Population Living Below the Poverty Line: The percentage of people in a country living on less
than USD $1 per day.
Population in Urban Areas: Population in an area characterized by higher population density and
vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it.
Primary Energy Production: Production of primary energy. The Energy Information
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Administration includes the following in U.S. primary energy production: coal production, waste coal
supplied, and coal refuse recovery; crude oil and lease condensate production; natural gas plant liquids
production; dry natural gasexcluding supplemental gaseous fuelsproduction; nuclear electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); conventional hydroelectricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pumpenergy
and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted
to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and wood-derived fuels
consumption; biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feedstock.
Primary Energy Consumption: Consumption of primary energy. (Energy sources that are
produced from other energy sourcese.g., coal coke from coalare included in primary energy
consumption only if their energy content has not already been included as part of the original energy
source. Thus, U.S. primary energy consumption does include net imports of coal coke, but not the
coal coke produced from domestic coal.) The Energy Information Administration includes the
following in U.S. primary energy consumption: coal consumption; coal coke net imports; petroleum
consumption (petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned
as fuel); dry natural gasexcluding supplemental gaseous fuelsconsumption; nuclear electricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); conventional hydroelectricity net
generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal electricity netgeneration (converted to Btu using the geothermal plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump
energy and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation
(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind
electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and
wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; fuel ethanol and biodiesel
consumption; losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel; and electricity
net imports (converted to Btu using the electricity heat content of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour).
Royalties and License Fees: Payments and receipts for the use of intangible non-financial assets
and proprietary rights, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial processes, and franchises.
Stock of Direct Foreign Investment at Home (Billions in USD): This entry gives the
cumulative US dollar value of all investments in the home country made directly by residents -
primarily companies - of other countries as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct investment
excludes investment through purchase of shares.
Stock of Direct Foreign Investment Abroad (Billions in USD): This entry gives the
cumulative US dollar value of all investments in foreign countries made directly by residents -
primarily companies - of the home country, as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct
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investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.
The Enabling Trade Index: ETI is a comprehensive index intended to capture the full range of
issues that contribute to impeding trade, ranking nations according to factors that facilitate the free
flow of goods across national borders and to destination.
Trade Facilitation: This category includes the LPI - Overall - The Logistics Performance Index (LPI)
which reflects the overall perception of a countrys logistics based on over 1,000 responses to a survey
of logistics performance.
Trade Outcome: This category includes the Real growth in total trade Index. It is calculated as the
average annual growth rate of the total exports and imports in goods and services at constant 2000
U.S. dollars. This indicator reflects the trade expansion of a country over the period.
Trade Policy: Included in this index are: Trade Tariff Restrictiveness Index, TTRI - All Goods
whichsummarizes the impact of each country's non-discriminatory trade policies on its aggregate
imports; OTRI - All Goods Index which summarizes the impact of each country's non-discriminatory
trade policies on its aggregate imports; TTRI - All Goods Index which summarizes the impact of each
country's trade policies on its aggregate imports; OTRI - All Goods Index which summarizes the
impact of each country's trade policies on its aggregate imports.
World Competitiveness: The 2009 overall rankings for 57 economies. The economies are ranked
from the most to the least competitive.
China Economic Databases, National Chengchi University Website: http://ics.nccu.edu.tw/ced/ Address: Graduate Institute of Development Studies,
No.64, Sec.2, Chi Nan Road, Wen Shan District, Taipei, Taiwan 11605.Telephone: +886-2-2939-7291 Fax: +886-2-2234-0056To download this file, please go to http://ics.nccu.edu.tw/ced/
http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~ctung/CN/cea.htmlPlease contact Amy T. Mah with any questions or comments at ced@nccu.edu.tw
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