China Economic World Ranking Report Jan 2010

8/12/2019 China Economic World Ranking Report Jan 2010

1/23

Page 1

China Economic World Ranking Report January 2010

CEWR-0003

China Economic Databases, National Chengchi University

CCCHHH IIINNN AAA EEECCCOOONNN OOOMMMIIICCC WWWOOORRRLLLDDD RRRAAANNN KKKIIINNN GGG RRREEEPPPOOORRRTTT

Chen-yuan Tung Professor, Graduate Institute of Development Studies

Amy T. Mah Research Associate, China Economic Databases

Guo-chen Wang PhD Student, Graduate Institute of Development StudiesIssue 3 - January 2010

Top 3 China economic world rankings

Index Ranking Economies

Foreign Exchange Reserves 1 156

Exports of Manufactured Goods 1 153

Exports of Office and Telecom Equipment 1 153

Current Account Balance 1 182

Coal Production 1 215Coal Consumption 1 215

Carbon Dioxide Emission 1 215

GDP PPP 2 182

Exports of Merchandise 2 153

Petroleum Consumption 2 215

Electricity Net Generation 2 215

Electricity Net Consumption 2 215

Primary Energy Production 2 215

Primary Energy Consumption 2 215

Nominal GDP 3 182

Imports of Merchandise 3 153

Exports of Construction 3 153

Exports of Other Business Services 3 153

Market Value of Publicly Traded Shares 3 110


2/23

Page 2

CHINA ECONOMIC WORLD RANKING REPORT January 2010

I. Chinas Internal Economy World Rankings

According to the Report ofInternational Monetary Fund, in 2008,Chinas Nominal GDP was USD 4,327.4 billion, 3 rd among 182 economies. TheChinese GDP-annual real growth rate was 9%, 16 th of 182 economies. GDPannual real growth rate of additionalBRIC 1 countries for 2008 were asfollows: amongst 182 economies, Brazilranked 76 th with a growth rate of 5.1%;

India ranked 29 th with a growth rate of7.3%; Russia ranked 67 th with a growthrate of 5.6%.

Based on purchasing power parity(PPP), Chinas 2008 GDP was USD7,926.5 billion, 2 nd amongst 182economies; the per capita GDP was USD

5,970, 101st

amongst 182 economies.GDP per capita for additional BRICcountries were as follows: amongst 182economies, Brazil ranked 78 th with percapita GDP of USD 10,465.8; Indiaranked 131 st with per capita GDP of USD2,779.9; Russia ranked 53 rd , with percapita GDP of USD 15,947.9.

In terms of price in 2009, Chinasconsumer price index (CPI) grew 5.9%according to the Report of InternationalMonetary Fund; 99 th of 222 economies.

1 An acronym for the economies of Brazil,Russia, India and China combined. The generalconsensus is that the term was first prominentlyused in a Goldman Sachs report from 2003,

which speculated that by 2050 these foureconomies would be wealthier than most of thecurrent major economic powers.

On population, World HealthOrganizations investigation indicated,the 2006 population annual growth rate was 0.6%, 138 th of 193 economies. The2006 population in urban areas was42%, 131 st of 193 economies. The 2006life expectancy at birth for both sexes inChina was 73 years, 65 th of 193economies. The 2006 life expectancy at

birth for female in China was 75 years,73 rd of 193 economies. The 2006 lifeexpectancy at birth for male in China was 72 years, 55 th of 193 economies.

Additionally, to measure the levelof economic and social development,according to the Human Development

Index by United Nations, the 2007Chinas Index score was 0.772, 92 nd of182 economies. The 2007 HumanDevelopment Index Scores foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 182 economies; Brazilranked 75 th with a score of 0.813; Indiaranked 134 th with a score of 0.612;Russia ranked 71 st with a score of 0.817.

According to the statistics of WorldBank, China scored 4.47 in the 2009Knowledge Economy Index, 81 st of 145economies. The 2009 KnowledgeEconomy Index scores for additionalBRIC countries were as follows:amongst 145 economies; Brazil ranked

54 th with a score of 5.66; India ranked


3/23

Page 3


109 th with a score of 3.09; Russia ranked60 th with a score of 5.55.

According to United Nationsinvestigation results, Chinas 2007 Ginicoefficient was 0.415, 92 th of 182economies, which emphasized thegrowing concern over the incomedisparity in China. The 2007 Ginicoefficients for additional BRICcountries were as follows: amongst 182economies, Brazil ranked 75 th with a

coefficient of 0.55; India ranked 134 th with a coefficient of 0.368; Russiaranked 71 st with a coefficient of 0.375.

The 2007 Human Poverty Index

(HPI-1) for China was 7.7%, 36 th of 135economies. The 2007 HPI-1 scores forother BRIC countries were as follows:amongst 135 economies, Brazil ranked43 rd with a score of 8.6%; India ranked88 th with a score of 28%; Russia ranked32 nd with a score of 7.4%.

Furthermore, according to theinvestigation result of World HealthOrganization, the 2004 population ratioliving below the poverty line for China

was 9.9%, 58 th of 193 economies.

II. Chinas External Economy World Rankings

According to The Heritage

Foundation, China ranked 140th

of 183economies in the 2010 Index ofEconomic Freedom, with a value of 51.2010 economic freedom scores foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 183 economies, Brazilranked 113 th with a score of 55.6; Indiaranked 124 th with a score of 53.8; Russiaranked 143 th with a score of 50.3.

The KOF Swiss Economic Institutes2009 Economic Globalization Indexranked China 83 rd of 208 economies, with a score of 60.47. The 2009Economic Globalization Index scores foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 208 economies, Brazil

ranked 82 nd with a score of 60.48; India

ranked 120 th with a score of 44.84;

Russia ranked 91st

with a score of 57.04.

Moreover, in the 2009 Chinas World Competitiveness by InternationalInstitute for Management Development,China ranked 20 th of 57 economies. The2009 World Competitiveness rankingsfor additional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 57 economies, Brazilranked 40 th ; India ranked 30 th ; Russiaranked 49 th .

According to World EconomicForum, Chinas 2009 GlobalCompetitiveness Index was 4.74, 29 th of133 economies. Scores for additionalBRIC countries were as follows:

amongst 133 economies, Brazil ranked


4/23

Page 4


56 th with a score of 4.23; India ranked49 th with a score of 4.3; Russia ranked63 rd with a score of 4.15.

Chinas 2008 Networked ReadinessIndex was 46 th of 134 economies. According to the investigation ofInternational TelecommunicationUnion, the 2007 ICT DevelopmentIndex for China was 3.11, 73 rd of 154economies.

In World Banks World TradeIndicators 2008 indices, China ranked63 rd among 125 economies in the TradePolicy Index; 51 st among 126 economiesin the External Environment Index; 83 rd among 181 economies in theInstitutional Environment Index; 30 th among 151 economies in the Trade

Facilitation Index; 34th

among 161economies in the Trade Outcome Index.Lastly, in the 2009 Enabling TradeIndex by World Economic Forum, Chinaranked 49 th among 121 economies with ascore of 4.19.

On international trade, WorldTrade Organization indicated, the 2008merchandise imports for China totaledUSD 1,132.5 billion, 3 rd of 153economies and 3 rd among 126 countriesexcluding the intra-EU trading activity.Merchandise imports rankings foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 153 economies, Brazilranked 24 th with a total of USD 182.4

billion; India ranked 16 th with a total of

USD 293.4 billion; Russia ranked 17 th with a total of USD 291.9 billion.Excluding the intra-EU trading activity,amongst 126 countries, Brazil ranked16th ; India ranked 10 th ; Russia ranked11th .

The 2008 merchandise export forChina totaled USD 1,428.3 billion, 2 nd of153 economies and 2 nd among 126countries excluding the intra-EU tradingactivity. Merchandise exports rankings

for additional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 153 economies, Brazilranked 22 nd with a total of USD 197.9 billion; India ranked 27 th with a total ofUSD 177.5 billion; Russia ranked 9 th with a total of USD 471.6 billion.Excluding the intra-EU trading activity,amongst 126 countries, Brazil ranked

16th

; India ranked 19th

; Russia ranked5th .

The 2008 imports for commercialservices totaled USD 158 billion, 5 th among 153 economies and 4 th among126 countries excluding the intra-EUtrading activity. Commercial servicesimports rankings for additional BRICcountries were as follows: amongst 153economies, Brazil ranked 22 nd with atotal of USD 44.4 billion; India ranked13th with a total of USD 83.6 billion;Russia ranked 16 th with a total of USD74.6 billion. Excluding the intra-EUtrading activity, amongst 126 countries,Brazil ranked 13 th ; India ranked 7 th ;

Russia ranked 9 th .


5/23

Page 5


The 2008 exports for commercialservices totaled USD 146.4 billion, 5 th among 153 economies and 3 rd among126 countries excluding the intra-EUtrading activity. Commercial servicesexports rankings for additional BRICcountries were as follows: amongst 153economies, Brazil ranked 31 st with atotal of USD 28.8 billion; India ranked9 th with a total of USD 102.6 billion;

Russia ranked 22 nd with a total of USD50.7 billion. Excluding the intra-EUtrading activity, amongst 126 countries,Brazil ranked 18 th ; India ranked 5 th ;Russia ranked 11 th .

According to the statistics ofInternational Monetary Fund, in 2008,Chinas current account balance wasUSD 426.1 billion, 1 st of 182 countries.

III. Chinas World Rankings by Trade Categories

Figure 1. Major exporters of manufactures, 2000 - 08

On merchandise exports for 2008,China surpassed Germany to becomethe worlds largest exporter ofmanufactured goods with anapproximated total of USD 1,300 billion as stated in the annual report of

World Trade Organization, rankingChina 1 st of 153 economies. In addition,China posted the strongest annualperformance in office and telecomequipment export in 2008, alsoranking 1 st of 153 economies.

0200400600

8001000120014001600

2000 2005 2006 2007 2008

Billion dollars

China

Japan

UnitedStates

Germany


6/23

Page 6


Figure 2. Chinas rankings of commercial services exports

On commercial services, the total

2007 exports of communicationsservices was USD 1,175 million, 8 th of153 economies. The 2007 exports ofcommunications services rankings foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 153 economies,India ranked 4 th with a total of USD2,288 million; Russia ranked 7 th with

a total of USD 1,272 million.

The total 2007 exports ofconstruction was USD 5,377 million,3rd of 153 economies. The 2007 exportsof construction rankings for additionalBRIC countries were as follows:amongst 153 economies, India ranked

9th

with a total of USD 845 million;Russia ranked 4 th with a total of USD3,450 million.

The total 2007 exports ofinsurance services was USD 904million, 9 th of 153 economies. The 2007exports of insurance services rankingsfor additional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 153 economies, India

ranked 7 th with a total of USD 1,504

million; Brazil ranked 13 th with a totalof USD 543 million.

The total 2007 exports of financialservices was USD 12,425 million, 4 th of153 economies. The 2007 exports offinancial services rankings foradditional BRIC countries were as

follows: amongst 153 economies, Indiaranked 8 th with a total of USD 3,886million; Brazil ranked 12 th with a totalof USD 1,090 million; Russia ranked11th with a total of USD 1,174 million.

The total 2007 exports ofcomputer services was USD 207

million, 13th

of 153 economies. The2007 exports of computer servicesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, India ranked 2 nd with atotal of USD 27,110 million; Russiaranked 8 th with a total of USD 1,012million.

The total 2007 exports of

83

94

61313

34

communications servicesconstruction

insurance servicesfinancial services

computer and information servicescomputer servicesroyalties and license fees

other business servicesaudiovisual and related services

153 economies


7/23

Page 7


computer and information services wasUSD 4,345 million, 6 th of 153economies. The 2007 exports ofcomputer and information servicesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, India ranked 2 nd with atotal of USD 27,668 million; Russiaranked 10 th with a total of USD 1,097million.

The total 2007 exports of royalties

and licenses fees was USD 343 million,13th of 153 economies. The 2007exports of royalties and licenses feesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, Brazil ranked 14 th with atotal of 319 million; Russia ranked 11 th with a total of USD 396 million.

The total 2007 exports of other business services 2 was USD 40,408million, 3 rd of 153 economies. The2007 exports of other business servicesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, India ranked 5 th with atotal of USD 30,783 million; Brazilranked 13 th with a total of USD 11,064million; Russia ranked 14 th with a total

2 Exports and imports of other businessservices comprise of trade-related services,operational leasing (rentals), andmiscellaneous business, professional andtechnical services such as legal, accounting,management consulting, public relationsservices, advertising, market research andpublic opinion polling, research and

development services, architectural,engineering, and other technical services,agricultural, mining and on-site processing.

of USD 9,624 million.

The total 2007 exports ofaudiovisual and related services wasUSD 316 million, 4 th of 153 economies.The 2007 exports of audiovisual andrelated services rankings for additionalBRIC countries were as follows:amongst 153 economies, Russia ranked9 th with a total of USD 196 million.


8/23

Page 8


Figure 3. Chinas rankings of commercial services imports

On commercial services, the total

2007 imports of communicationsservices was USD 1,082 million, 6 th of153 economies. The 2007 imports ofcommunications services rankings foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 153 economies, Indiaranked 13 th with a total of USD 714million; Russia ranked 5 th with a totalof USD 1,298 million.

The total 2007 imports ofconstruction was USD 2,910 million,6 th of 153 economies. The 2007imports of construction rankings foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 153 economies, Indiaranked 11 th with a total of USD 691million; Russia ranked 3 rd with a totalof USD 6,454 million.

The total 2007 imports ofinsurance services was USD 10,664million, 4 th of 153 economies. The 2007imports of insurance services rankingsfor additional BRIC countries were as

follows: amongst 153 economies, India

ranked 7 th with a total of USD 3,203

million; Brazil ranked 11th

with a totalof USD 1,308 million.

The total 2007 imports of financialservices was USD 2,807 million, 6 th of153 economies. The 2007 imports offinancial services rankings foradditional BRIC countries were asfollows: amongst 153 economies, Indiaranked 5 th with a total of USD 3,262million; Brazil ranked 12 th with a totalof USD 807 million; Russia ranked 9 th with a total of USD 1,407 million.

The total 2007 imports ofcomputer services was USD 346million, 10 th of 153 economies. The2007 imports of computer servicesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, India ranked 3 rd with atotal of USD 3,212 million; Brazilranked 4 th with a total of USD 2,205million; Russia ranked 8 th with a totalof USD 754 million.

66

46

710

74

12

communications servicesconstruction

insurance servicesfinancial services

computer and information servicescomputer services

royalties and license feesother business services

audiovisual and related services

153 economies


9/23

Page 9


The total 2007 imports ofcomputer and information services wasUSD 2,208 million, 7 th of 153economies. The 2007 imports ofcomputer and information servicesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, India ranked 4 th with atotal of USD 3,509 million; Brazilranked 6 th with a total of USD 2,273million; Russia ranked 10 th with a totalof USD 956.

The total 2007 imports of royaltiesand licenses fees was USD 8,192million, 7 th of 153 economies. The 2007imports of royalties and licenses feesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, Brazil ranked 13 th with a

total of 2,259 million; Russia ranked10 th with a total of USD 2,806 million.

The total 2007 imports of other business services was USD 30,431million, 4 th of 153 economies. The 2007imports of other business servicesrankings for additional BRIC countries were as follows: amongst 153economies, India ranked 6 th with atotal of USD 19,062 million; Brazilranked 10 th with a total of USD 10,586million; Russia ranked 9 th with a totalof USD 11,618 million.

The total 2007 imports ofaudiovisual and related services wasUSD 154 million, 12 th of 153 economies.The 2007 imports of audiovisual andrelated services rankings for additionalBRIC countries were as follows:amongst 153 economies, Brazil ranked7th with a total of USD 456 million;

Russia ranked 6th

with a total of USD624 million.

IV. Chinas World Rankings of Energy Productions and Consumptions

Figure 4. Rankings of energy productions

On energy productions of China,

International Energy Agency reported,

the 2008 daily petroleum production was 3,973 thousand barrels, 5 th of 215economies.

The 2007 natural gas productionof China was 2,446 billion cubic feet,13th of 215 economies.

The 2007 coal production of China was 2,795.5 million short tons 3, 1st of215 economies.

3 The short ton is a unit of weight equal to2,000 pounds (907.18474 kg).

5

13

12

2

petroleum

natural gas

coal

electricity (net)

primary energy

215 economies


10/23

Page 10


The 2006 electricity netgeneration of China was 18,015 billionkilowatt hours, 2 nd of 215 economies.

The 2006 total primary energyproduction of China was 469quadrillion Btu 4, 2 nd of 215 economies.

Figure 5. Rankings of energy

consumptions or emissions

On energy consumptions of China,International Energy Agency reported,the 2008 daily petroleum consumption was 7,831 thousand barrels per day, 2 nd of 215 economies.

The 2007 natural gasconsumption of China was 2,490 billion cubic feet, 12 th of 215economies.

The 2007 coal consumption ofChina was 2,772.8 million short tons,1st of 215 economies.

4

1 quadrillion British thermal unit (Btu) isdefined as 10 15 Btu, which is about oneexajoule ((1.055 10 18 J).

The 2006 electricity netconsumption of China was 16,379 billion kilowatt hours, 2 nd of 215economies.

The 2006 total primary energyconsumption of China was 472quadrillion Btu, 2 nd of 215 economies.

The 2006 carbon dioxide emissionof China was 29,195 million metrictons, 1 st of 215 economies.

2

12

1

2

21

petroleum

natural gas

coal

electricity (net)

primary energy carbon dioxide

215 economies


11/23

Page 11


V. Chinas Financial World Rankings

Figure 6. Rankings of financial developments

World Economic Forum reported,China placed 26 th in the 2009Financial Development Index amongst55 economies with a score of 3.87. TheFinancial Development Index rankingsof other BRIC countries were as follows:amongst 55 economies, Brazil ranked34 th with a score of 3.46; India ranked

38th

with a score of 3.3; Russia ranked40 th with a score of 3.16.

Figure 7. Rankings of Forex reserves

According to The Peoples Bank ofChina, the 2009 foreign exchangereserves (Forex reserves) of China wasUSD 2.4 trillion, 1 st of 156 countries.Forex reserves for additional BRICcountries were as follows: amongst 156countries, Brazil ranked 8 th with

reserves of USD 0.24 trillion; Indiaranked 5 th with reserves of USD 0.29trillion; Russia ranked 3 rd with reservesof USD 0.45 trillion.

1

8

5

3

China

Brazil

India

Russia

156 countries

26

34

38

40

China

Brazil

India

Russia

55 economies


12/23

Page 12


China Economic World Rankings

Index RankingsSample

SizeSource Year

Nominal GDP 3 182The International Monetary

Fund 2008

GDP Real Growth Rate 16 182The International Monetary

Fund2008

GDP PPP 2 182The International Monetary

Fund2008

GDP Per Capita -PPP 101 182The International Monetary

Fund2008

Foreign Exchange Reserves 1 156 The Peoples Bank of China 2009

Inflation Rate -Consumer

Prices161 182

The International Monetary

Fund2008

Population Annual Growth

Rate (%)138 193 World Health Organization 2006

Population in Urban Areas 131 193 World Health Organization 2006

Population Living Below the

Poverty Line 58 193 World Health Organization 2004

Life Expectancy at Birth (years)

Both Sexes65 193 World Health Organization 2006


Female73 193 World Health Organization 2006


Male55 193 World Health Organization 2006

ICT Development Index 73 154International

Telecommunication Union 2007

Knowledge Economy Index 81 145 World Bank 2009

Gini Index 92 182 United Nations 2007

Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) 36 135 United Nations 2007

Human Development Index 92 182 United Nations 2007


13/23

Page 13




SizeSource Year

Index of Economic Freedom 140 183 The Heritage Foundation 2010

Economic Globalization 83 208KOF Swiss Economic

Institute2009

Imports of Merchandise 3 153 World Trade Organization 2008

Imports of Merchandise

Sans intra-EU Trade3 126 World Trade Organization 2008

Imports of Commercial

Services 5 153 World Trade Organization 2008

Imports of Commercial

Services Sans intra-EU Trade4 126 World Trade Organization 2008

Exports of Merchandise 2 153 World Trade Organization 2008

Exports of Merchandise Sans

intra-EU trade2 126 World Trade Organization 2008

Exports of Commercial Services 7 153 World Trade Organization 2008

Exports of Commercial Services

Sans intra-EU Trade3 126 World Trade Organization 2008

Exports of Manufactured

Goods1 153 World Trade Organization 2008

Exports of Office and Telecom

Equipment1 153 World Trade Organization 2008

Exports of Communications

Services 8 153 World Trade Organization 2007

Imports of Communications

Services6 153 World Trade Organization 2007

Exports of Construction 3 153 World Trade Organization 2007

Imports of Construction 6 153 World Trade Organization 2007

Exports of Insurance Services 9 153 World Trade Organization 2007


14/23

Page 14




SizeSource Year

Imports of Insurance Services 4 153 World Trade Organization 2007

Exports of Financial Services 4 153 World Trade Organization 2007

Imports of Financial Services 6 153 World Trade Organization 2007

Exports of Computer Services 13 153 World Trade Organization 2007

Imports of Computer Services 10 153 World Trade Organization 2007

Exports of Computer and

Information Services6 153 World Trade Organization 2007

Imports of Computer and

Information Services7 153 World Trade Organization 2007

Royalties and License Fees

(Exports)13 153 World Trade Organization 2007

Royalties and License Fees

(Imports) 7 153 World Trade Organization 2007

Exports of other Business


Imports of other Business


Exports of Audiovisual and

Related Services4 153 World Trade Organization 2007

Imports of Audiovisual and

Related Services 12 153 World Trade Organization 2007

Global Competitiveness Index 29 133 World Economic Forum 2009

Current Account Balance 1 182The International Monetary

Fund2008

World Competitiveness 20 57International Institute for

Management Development2009

Financial Development Index 26 55 World Economic Forum 2009


15/23

Page 15




SizeSource Year

Trade Policy 63 125 World Bank 2008

External Environment 51 126 World Bank 2008

Institutional Environment 83 181 World Bank 2008

Trade Facilitation 30 151 World Bank 2008

Trade Outcome 34 161 World Bank 2008

The Enabling Trade Index 49 121 World Economic Forum 2009

Networked Readiness Index 46 134 World Economic Forum 2008

Petroleum Production 5 215 International Energy Agency 2008

Petroleum Consumption 2 215 International Energy Agency 2008

Natural Gas Production 13 215 International Energy Agency 2007

Natural Gas Consumption 12 215 International Energy Agency 2007

Coal Production 1 215 International Energy Agency 2007

Coal Consumption 1 215 International Energy Agency 2007

Electricity Net Generation 2 215 International Energy Agency 2006

Electricity Net Consumption 2 215 International Energy Agency 2006

Primary Energy Production 2 215 International Energy Agency 2006

Primary Energy Consumption 2 215 International Energy Agency 2006

Carbon Dioxide Emission 1 215 International Energy Agency 2006


16/23

Page 16


Links to Sources:

1. World Bank, ( http://www.worldbank.org/ ).

2. United Nations, ( http://www.un.org/ ).

3. World Economic Forum, ( http://www.weforum.org/ ).

4. International Institute for Management Development, ( http://www.imd.ch/ ).

5. The Heritage Foundation, ( http://www.heritage.org/ ).

6. The International Monetary Fund, ( http://www.imf.org/ ).

7. KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ( http://www.kof.ethz.ch/ ).

8. World Trade Organization, ( http://www.wto.org/ ).

9. World Health Organization, ( http://www.who.int/ ).

10. International Telecommunication Union, ( http://www.itu.int/ ).

11. International Energy Agency, ( http://www.iea.org/ ).

12. The Peoples Bank of China, ( http://www.pbc.gov.cn/ ).

Note:

1. The imports and exports rankings of financial services are rankings of Hong Kong, China. 2. Rankings of World Trade Organization are from the 2009 Report, and the latest data on rankings

in the Report are from years 2007 and 2008. 3. Rankings of United Nations and International Telecommunication Union are from 2009 Reports,

and the latest data on rankings in the Reports are from year 2007.

4.

Rankings of World Health Organization, International Energy Agency, and The HeritageFoundation are listed in the actual ranking years.

5. The latest rankings from The International Monetary Fund are from 2008, equivalent to issue 2 of

China Economic World Ranking Report. 6. The latest rankings of Trade Policy, External Environment, Institutional Environment, Trade

Facilitation, and Trade Outcome from World Bank are equivalent to issue 2 of China World

Ranking Report, updates are not available. 7. The latest rankings of The Enabling Trade Index and Networked Readiness Index are equivalent to

issue 2 of China World Ranking Report, updates are not available.


17/23

Page 17


Explanatory Note for Indices

Carbon Dioxide Emission: A colorless, odorless, non-poisonous gas that is a normal part of Earth's

atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a product of fossil-fuel combustion as well as other processes. It is

considered a greenhouse gas as it traps heat (infrared energy) radiated by the Earth into the

atmosphere and thereby contributes to the potential for global warming. Emission is the

anthropogenic releases of gases to the atmosphere (e.g., the release of carbon dioxide during fuel

combustion). It is the world carbon dioxide emissions from the consumption and flaring of fossil fuels

in million metric tons of carbon dioxide.

Coal Production and Consumption: The total production and consumption of coal in million

short tons.

Current Account Balance (Billions in USD): Balance on current transactions excluding

exceptional financing. This entry records a country's net trade in goods and services, plus net earnings

from rents, interest, profits, and dividends, and net transfer payments (such as pension funds and

worker remittances) to and from the rest of the world during the period specified.

Economic Globalization: The index is characterized as long distance flows of goods, capital and

services as well as information and perceptions that accompany market exchanges.

Electricity Net Generation: The amount of gross generation less the electrical energy consumed at

the generating station(s) for station service or auxiliaries. Note: Electricity required for pumping at

pumped-storage plants is regarded as electricity for station service and is deducted from gross

generation.

Exports of Commercial Services: The total US dollar amount of commercial services exports.

Exports of Commercial Services Sans intra-EU Trade: Exports of commercial services

excluding the intra-trades between the 27 European Union countries.

Exports and Imports of Audiovisual and Related Services: Imports and exports of audiovisual

and related services, including services and fees related to the production of motion pictures, radio and

television programs, and musical recordings.

Exports and Imports of Communications Services: Imports and exports of communicationsservices, which includes telecommunications, postal and courier services. Telecommunications

services encompasses the transmission of sound, images or other information by telephone, telex,

telegram, radio and television cable and broadcasting, satellite, electronic mail, facsimile services etc.,

including business network services, teleconferencing and support services. It does not include the

value of the information transported. Also included are cellular telephone services, Internet backbone

services and on-line access services, including provision of access to the Internet.

Exports and Imports of Computer and Information Services: Imports and exports of

computer and information services, that is subdivided into computer services (hardware and software


18/23

Page 18



related services and data processing services), news agency services (provision of news, photographs,

and feature articles to the media), and other information provision services (database services and web

search portals).

Exports and Imports of Computer Services: Exports and imports of hardware and software

related services and data processing services.

Exports and Imports of Construction: Imports and exports of construction, which covers work

performed on construction projects and installation by employees of an enterprise in locations outside

the territory of the enterprise (the one-year rule to determine residency is to be applied flexibly). In

addition goods used by construction companies for their projects are included which implies that the

"true" services component tends to be overestimated.

Exports and Imports of Financial Services: Imports and exports of financial services, thatcovers financial intermediation and auxiliary services provided by banks, stock exchanges, factoring

enterprises, credit card enterprises, and other enterprises.

Exports and Imports of Insurance Services: Imports and exports of insurance services, that

covers the provision of various types of insurance to non residents by resident insurance enterprises,

and vice versa, for example, freight insurance, direct insurance (e.g. life) and reinsurance.

Exports and Imports of Other Business Services: Exports and imports of other business

services, comprising of trade-related services, operational leasing (rentals), and miscellaneous

business, professional and technical services such as legal, accounting, management consulting, public

relations services, advertising, market research and public opinion polling, research and development

services, architectural, engineering, and other technical services, agricultural, mining and on-site

processing.

Exports of Manufactured Goods: Exports and imports of goods produced using primary goods,

including petroleum, steel, textiles, and baked goods.

Exports of Merchandise: The total US dollar amount of merchandise exports. Exports of goods,

not services, also called tangible exports.

Exports of Merchandise Sans intra-EU Trade: Exports of merchandise excluding the

intra-trades between the 27 European Union countries.

Exports of Office and Telecom Equipment: Exports of office and telecommunications

equipment.

External Environment: Included in this index are: MA-TTRI - All Goods Index which summarizes

the impact of other countries' trade policies on each country's exports, including preferential rates;

MA-OTRI - All Goods Index which summarizes the impact of other countries' trade policies on each

country's exports, including preferential rates and non-tariff measures.


19/23

Page 19



Financial Development Index: The financial development index ranks 55 of the world's leading

financial systems and capital markets. It analyses the drivers of financial system development and

economic growth in developed and developing countries to serve as a tool for countries to benchmark

themselves and establish priorities for reform. The rankings are based on over 120 variables spanning

institutional and business environments, financial stability, and size and depth of capital markets,

among other factors.

Foreign Exchange Reserves: Foreign exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) in a strict

sense are only the foreign currency deposits held by central banks and monetary authorities. However,

the term foreign exchange reserves in popular usage (such as this list) commonly includes foreign

exchange and gold, SDRs and IMF reserve position as this total figure is more readily available,

however it is accurately deemed as official reserves or international reserves. The list excludes

currency swaps conducted by central banks.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP), current prices (Billions in USD): A basic measure of a

countrys economic performance. It is the market value of all final goods and services made within the

borders of a nation in a year.

GDP based on Purchasing-Power-Parity (PPP) (Trillions in Current International

Dollar): A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all

goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the country. This is the

measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living

conditions or use of resources across countries.

GDP based on PPP per capita GDP (Trillions of Current International Dollar): GDP on a

purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year.

GDP, Constant Price (Annual Percent Change): Annual percentages of constant price GDP are

year-on-year changes; the base year is country-specific.

Gini Index: Measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or consumption) among

individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution.

Global Competitiveness Index: A highly comprehensive index for measuring national

competitiveness, which captures the microeconomic and macroeconomic foundations of national

competitiveness.

Human Development Index: The HDI provides a composite measure of three dimensions of

human development: living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), being educated

(measured by adult literacy and enrollment at the primary, secondary and tertiary level) and having a

decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity, PPP, income).

Human Poverty Index (HPI-1): While the HDI measures average achievement, the HPI-1measures deprivation in the three basic dimensions of human development captured in the HDI: 1. A


20/23

Page 20



long and healthy life vulnerability to death at a relatively early age, as measured by the probability at

birth of not surviving to age 40. 2. Knowledge exclusion from the world of reading and

communications, as measured by the adult illiteracy rate. 3. A decent standard of living lack of

access to overall economic provisioning, as measured by the un-weighted average of two indicators,

the percentage of the population not using an improved water source and the percentage of children

under weight-for-age.

Imports of Merchandise (Trillions in USD F.O.B): The total US dollar amount of merchandise

imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis.

Imports of Merchandise Sans intra-EU Trade: Imports of merchandise excluding the

intra-trades between the 27 European Union countries.

Imports of Commercial Services: The total US dollar amount of commercial services imports.Imports of services, not goods.

Imports of Commercial Services Sans intra-EU Trade: Imports of commercial services

excluding the intra-trades between the 27 European Union countries.

Index of Economic Freedom: A simple average of the 10 individual freedoms. The 10 economic

freedoms are: business freedom, trade freedom, fiscal freedom, government size, monetary freedom,

investment freedom, financial freedom, property rights, freedom from corruption, and labor freedom

Inflation, Average Consumer Prices (Annual Percentage Change): Data for inflation are

averages for the year, not end-of-period data. The annual percent change in consumer prices

compared with the previous year's consumer prices.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Development Index: ICT stands for

information and communication technologies. Analysis of global ICT developments based on

quantitative indicators ICT Development Index (IDI), incorporates different aspects and lessons

learned, from earlier indices, guided by previous ITU composite indices, such as the Digital Access

Index (DAI), the Digital Opportunity Index (DOI) and the ICT Opportunity Index (ICTOI). The IDI has

been produced as a response to calls by ITU Member States to merge previous ITU indices into a single

index in order to track the digital divide and benchmark information society developments.

Institutional Environment: This category includes The Ease of Doing Business Index which

presents quantitative indicators on business regulations and the protection of property rights that can

be compared across 181 economies. Regulations affecting 10 stages of the life of a business are

measures: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, employing workers, registering

property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts

and closing a business.

Knowledge of Economy Index: An aggregate index representing the overall preparedness of acountry or region towards the Knowledge Economy (KE). The KEI is constructed as the simple average


21/23

Page 21



of 4 sub-indexes, which represent the 4 pillars of the knowledge economy (economic incentive and

institutional regime (EIR), education and training, innovation and technological adoption,

information and communications technologies (ICT) infrastructure).

Life Expectancy at Birth (years): Life expectancy at birth reflects the overall mortality level of a

population. It summarizes the mortality pattern that prevails across all age groups - children and

adolescents, adults and the elderly. It is defined as the average number of years that a newborn

isexpected to live if current mortality rates continue to apply.

Natural Gas Production: The process of producing consumer-grade natural gas. Natural gas

withdrawn from reservoirs is reduced by volumes used at the production (lease) site and by processing

losses. Volumes used at the production site include (1) the volume returned to reservoirs in cycling,

repressuring of oil reservoirs, and conservation operations; and (2) gas vented and flared. Processing

losses include (1) nonhydrocarbon gases (e.g., water vapor, carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide,

and nitrogen) removed from the gas stream; and (2) gas converted to liquid form, such as lease

condensate and plant liquids. Volumes of dry gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs are not

considered part of production. Dry natural gas production equals marketed production less extraction

loss.

Network Readiness Index: The index records 134 countries worldwide and is a comprehensive

international assessment of the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the

development process and the competitiveness of nations.

Petroleum Production and Consumption: The production of petroleum, which is a broadly

defined class of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures. Included are crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils,

refined products obtained from the processing of crude oil, and natural gas plant liquids. The

consumption of petroleum approximately represents consumption of petroleum products because it

measures the disappearance of these products from primary sources, i.e., refineries, natural

gas-processing plants, blending plants, pipelines, and bulk terminals. In general, product supplied of

each product in any given period is computed as follows: field production, plus refinery production,

plus imports, plus unaccounted-for crude oil (plus net receipts when calculated on a PAD District basis)minus stock change, minus crude oil losses, minus refinery inputs, and minus exports.

Population Annual Growth Rate (%): It is used to refer to the growth of the population of the

world.

Population Living Below the Poverty Line: The percentage of people in a country living on less

than USD $1 per day.

Population in Urban Areas: Population in an area characterized by higher population density and

vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it.

Primary Energy Production: Production of primary energy. The Energy Information


22/23

Page 22



Administration includes the following in U.S. primary energy production: coal production, waste coal

supplied, and coal refuse recovery; crude oil and lease condensate production; natural gas plant liquids

production; dry natural gasexcluding supplemental gaseous fuelsproduction; nuclear electricity net

generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); conventional hydroelectricity net

generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal electricity net

generation (converted to Btu using the geothermal plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pumpenergy

and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted

to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net

generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and wood-derived fuels

consumption; biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feedstock.

Primary Energy Consumption: Consumption of primary energy. (Energy sources that are

produced from other energy sourcese.g., coal coke from coalare included in primary energy

consumption only if their energy content has not already been included as part of the original energy

source. Thus, U.S. primary energy consumption does include net imports of coal coke, but not the

coal coke produced from domestic coal.) The Energy Information Administration includes the

following in U.S. primary energy consumption: coal consumption; coal coke net imports; petroleum

consumption (petroleum products supplied, including natural gas plant liquids and crude oil burned

as fuel); dry natural gasexcluding supplemental gaseous fuelsconsumption; nuclear electricity net

generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plants heat rate); conventional hydroelectricity net

generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); geothermal electricity netgeneration (converted to Btu using the geothermal plants heat rate), and geothermal heat pump

energy and geothermal direct use energy; solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation

(converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate), and solar thermal direct use energy; wind

electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil-fueled plants heat rate); wood and

wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; fuel ethanol and biodiesel

consumption; losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel; and electricity

net imports (converted to Btu using the electricity heat content of 3,412 Btu per kilowatthour).

Royalties and License Fees: Payments and receipts for the use of intangible non-financial assets

and proprietary rights, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial processes, and franchises.

Stock of Direct Foreign Investment at Home (Billions in USD): This entry gives the

cumulative US dollar value of all investments in the home country made directly by residents -

primarily companies - of other countries as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct investment

excludes investment through purchase of shares.

Stock of Direct Foreign Investment Abroad (Billions in USD): This entry gives the

cumulative US dollar value of all investments in foreign countries made directly by residents -

primarily companies - of the home country, as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct


23/23

Page 23



investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.

The Enabling Trade Index: ETI is a comprehensive index intended to capture the full range of

issues that contribute to impeding trade, ranking nations according to factors that facilitate the free

flow of goods across national borders and to destination.

Trade Facilitation: This category includes the LPI - Overall - The Logistics Performance Index (LPI)

which reflects the overall perception of a countrys logistics based on over 1,000 responses to a survey

of logistics performance.

Trade Outcome: This category includes the Real growth in total trade Index. It is calculated as the

average annual growth rate of the total exports and imports in goods and services at constant 2000

U.S. dollars. This indicator reflects the trade expansion of a country over the period.

Trade Policy: Included in this index are: Trade Tariff Restrictiveness Index, TTRI - All Goods

whichsummarizes the impact of each country's non-discriminatory trade policies on its aggregate

imports; OTRI - All Goods Index which summarizes the impact of each country's non-discriminatory

trade policies on its aggregate imports; TTRI - All Goods Index which summarizes the impact of each

country's trade policies on its aggregate imports; OTRI - All Goods Index which summarizes the

impact of each country's trade policies on its aggregate imports.

World Competitiveness: The 2009 overall rankings for 57 economies. The economies are ranked

from the most to the least competitive.

China Economic Databases, National Chengchi University Website: http://ics.nccu.edu.tw/ced/ Address: Graduate Institute of Development Studies,

No.64, Sec.2, Chi Nan Road, Wen Shan District, Taipei, Taiwan 11605.Telephone: +886-2-2939-7291 Fax: +886-2-2234-0056To download this file, please go to http://ics.nccu.edu.tw/ced/

http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~ctung/CN/cea.htmlPlease contact Amy T. Mah with any questions or comments at [email protected]

Documents

China Economic World Ranking Report Jan 2010