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Chapter 8Protecting People and Information: Threats and Safeguards
Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin
STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Define ethics and describe the two factors that affect how you make a decision concerning an ethical issue.
2. Define and describe intellectual property, copyright, Fair Use Doctrine, and pirated software.
3. Describe privacy and describe ways in which it can be threatened.
4. Describe the ways in which information on your computer or network is vulnerable and list measures you can take to protect it.
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SHE LOST $400,000 TO AN E-MAIL SCAM
“419” e-mails are a popular type of scam 419 scams promise you, in an e-mail, that
you will get rich if you ante up a small fee Janella Spears took the bait and spent
$400,000 trying to collect her fortune She even cashed in her husband’s retirement
to get the money to send the crooks
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Case Study Questions
1. What do you think about this true story?
2. Have you ever been caught in a scam? How did you feel when you discovered that you had been fooled?
3. What would you do if you knew that your parent was being complicity in his or her own victimization?
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INTRODUCTION
Handling information responsibly means understanding the following issues Ethics Personal privacy Threats to information Protection of information
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CHAPTER ORGANIZATION
1. Ethics Learning Outcomes #1 & #2
2. Privacy Learning Outcome #3
3. Security Learning Outcome #4
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ETHICS
Ethics
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Factors the Determine How You Decide Ethical Issues
Actions in ethical dilemmas determined by 1. 2.
Your basic ethical structure determines what you consider to be 1. 2. 3.
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Basic Ethical Structure
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Circumstances of the Situation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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Intellectual Property
Intellectual property
Copyright
Fair Use Doctrine
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Intellectual Property
Using copyrighted software without permission violates copyright law
Pirated software
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PRIVACY
Privacy
Dimensions of privacy 1.
2.
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Privacy and Other Individuals
Key logger (key trapper) software
Screen capture programs
E-mail is stored on many computers as it travels from sender to recipient
Hardware key logger. Event Data Recorders (EDR)
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An E-Mail is Stored on Many Computers
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Identity Theft
Identity theft
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Identity Theft
Phishing (carding, brand spoofing)
NEVER Reply without question to an e-mail asking for personal information Click directly on a Web site provided in such an e-mail
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Identity Theft
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Pharming
Pharming
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Privacy and Employees
Companies need information about their employees to run their business effectively
As of March 2005, 60% of employers monitored employee e-mails
70% of Web traffic occurs during work hours 78% of employers reported abuse 60% employees admitted abuse
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Privacy and Employees
Visiting inappropriate sites Gaming, chatting, stock trading, social
networking, etc.
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Reasons for Monitoring
1.
2.
3.
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Privacy and Consumers
Consumers want businesses to Know who they are, but not to know too much Provide what they want, but not gather information
on them
Let them know about products, but not pester them with advertising
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Cookies
Cookie
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Spam
Spam
Gets past spam filters by
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Adware and Spyware
Adware
Spyware (sneakware, stealthware)
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Adware in Free Version of Eudora
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Trojan Horse Software
Trojan horse software
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Web Logs
Web log
Clickstream
Anonymous Web browsing (AWB)
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Privacy and Government Agencies
About 2,000 government agencies have databases with information on people
Government agencies need information to operate effectively
Whenever you are in contact with government agency, you leave behind information about yourself
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Government Agencies Storing Personal Information
Law enforcement NCIC (National Crime Information Center) FBI
Electronic Surveillance Carnivore or DCS-1000 Magic Lantern (software key logger) NSA (National Security Agency) Echelon collect electronic information by satellite
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Government Agencies Storing Personal Information
IRS Census Bureau Student loan services FICA Social Security Administration Social service agencies Department of Motor Vehicles
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Laws on Privacy
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) protects personal health information
Financial Services Modernization Act requires that financial institutions protect personal customer information
Other laws in Figure 8.6 on page 244
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SECURITY AND EMPLOYEES
Attacks on information and computer resources come from inside and outside the company
Computer sabotage costs about $10 billion per year
In general, employee misconduct is more costly than assaults from outside
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Security and Employees
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Security and Outside Threats
Hackers
Computer virus (virus)
Worm
Denial-of-service (DoS) attack
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Computer Viruses Can’t
1.
2.
3.
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Security Measures
1. Anti-virus software
2. Anti-spyware and anti-adware software
3. Spam protection software – identifies and marks and/or deletes Spam
4. Anti-phishing software – lets you know when phishing attempts are being made
5. Firewall
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Security Measures
5. Anti-rootkit software – stops outsiders taking control of your machine
6. Encryption
7. Public Key Encryption (PKE)
8. Biometrics
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