Chapter 8Protecting People and Information: Threats and Safeguards

Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin

STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Define ethics and describe the two factors that affect how you make a decision concerning an ethical issue.

2. Define and describe intellectual property, copyright, Fair Use Doctrine, and pirated software.

3. Describe privacy and describe ways in which it can be threatened.

4. Describe the ways in which information on your computer or network is vulnerable and list measures you can take to protect it.

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SHE LOST $400,000 TO AN E-MAIL SCAM

“419” e-mails are a popular type of scam 419 scams promise you, in an e-mail, that

you will get rich if you ante up a small fee Janella Spears took the bait and spent

$400,000 trying to collect her fortune She even cashed in her husband’s retirement

to get the money to send the crooks

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Case Study Questions

1. What do you think about this true story?

2. Have you ever been caught in a scam? How did you feel when you discovered that you had been fooled?

3. What would you do if you knew that your parent was being complicity in his or her own victimization?

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INTRODUCTION

Handling information responsibly means understanding the following issues Ethics Personal privacy Threats to information Protection of information

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CHAPTER ORGANIZATION

1. Ethics Learning Outcomes #1 & #2

2. Privacy Learning Outcome #3

3. Security Learning Outcome #4

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ETHICS

Ethics

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Factors the Determine How You Decide Ethical Issues

Actions in ethical dilemmas determined by 1. 2.

Your basic ethical structure determines what you consider to be 1. 2. 3.

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Basic Ethical Structure

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Circumstances of the Situation

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

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Intellectual Property

Intellectual property

Copyright

Fair Use Doctrine

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Intellectual Property

Using copyrighted software without permission violates copyright law

Pirated software

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PRIVACY

Privacy

Dimensions of privacy 1.

2.

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Privacy and Other Individuals

Key logger (key trapper) software

Screen capture programs

E-mail is stored on many computers as it travels from sender to recipient

Hardware key logger. Event Data Recorders (EDR)

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An E-Mail is Stored on Many Computers

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Identity Theft

Identity theft

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Identity Theft

Phishing (carding, brand spoofing)

NEVER Reply without question to an e-mail asking for personal information Click directly on a Web site provided in such an e-mail

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Identity Theft

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Pharming

Pharming

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Privacy and Employees

Companies need information about their employees to run their business effectively

As of March 2005, 60% of employers monitored employee e-mails

70% of Web traffic occurs during work hours 78% of employers reported abuse 60% employees admitted abuse

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Privacy and Employees

Visiting inappropriate sites Gaming, chatting, stock trading, social

networking, etc.

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Reasons for Monitoring

1.

2.

3.

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Privacy and Consumers

Consumers want businesses to Know who they are, but not to know too much Provide what they want, but not gather information

on them

Let them know about products, but not pester them with advertising

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Cookies

Cookie

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Spam

Spam

Gets past spam filters by

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Adware and Spyware

Adware

Spyware (sneakware, stealthware)

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Adware in Free Version of Eudora

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Trojan Horse Software

Trojan horse software

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Web Logs

Web log

Clickstream

Anonymous Web browsing (AWB)

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Privacy and Government Agencies

About 2,000 government agencies have databases with information on people

Government agencies need information to operate effectively

Whenever you are in contact with government agency, you leave behind information about yourself

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Government Agencies Storing Personal Information

Law enforcement NCIC (National Crime Information Center) FBI

Electronic Surveillance Carnivore or DCS-1000 Magic Lantern (software key logger) NSA (National Security Agency) Echelon collect electronic information by satellite

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Government Agencies Storing Personal Information

IRS Census Bureau Student loan services FICA Social Security Administration Social service agencies Department of Motor Vehicles

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Laws on Privacy

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) protects personal health information

Financial Services Modernization Act requires that financial institutions protect personal customer information

Other laws in Figure 8.6 on page 244

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SECURITY AND EMPLOYEES

Attacks on information and computer resources come from inside and outside the company

Computer sabotage costs about $10 billion per year

In general, employee misconduct is more costly than assaults from outside

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Security and Employees

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Security and Outside Threats

Hackers

Computer virus (virus)

Worm

Denial-of-service (DoS) attack

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Computer Viruses Can’t

1.

2.

3.

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Security Measures

1. Anti-virus software

2. Anti-spyware and anti-adware software

3. Spam protection software – identifies and marks and/or deletes Spam

4. Anti-phishing software – lets you know when phishing attempts are being made

5. Firewall

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Security Measures

5. Anti-rootkit software – stops outsiders taking control of your machine

6. Encryption

7. Public Key Encryption (PKE)

8. Biometrics

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