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Ch 16: Evolution of Population. Notes # 3. What makes up a Population?. ANS: Organisms that belong to the same species and live in the same area. Human Population in Alhambra. Total Population: 85, 077. What is a Species?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Notes #3
Ch 16: Evolution of Population
What makes up a Population?
ANS: Organisms that belong to the same species and live in the same area.
Human Population in Alhambra
Total Population: 85, 077
What is a Species?
ANS: Members of the same population that can interbreed (mate) and have fertile offsprings
Ex. Horse + Horse = Pony (same species)
What is a Gene Pool?
ANS: Total # of genes found in a population at one time and area
Ex. Gene pool for field mouse fur B = Black fur; b = brown
48%Bb
36%bb 16%
BBGene poolin Field mousePopulation
Phenotype64% Black36% brown
Causes of Genetic Variations in a Population
(4 types)1. Mutations: Changes in the DNA lead to
genetic and physical differences. Ex. Wild-type Fruit Fly vs White-eye fly
2. Gene Shuffling
Mixing of genes during crossing over in Meiosis
Independent Assortment of genes into sex cells (gametes)
Ex. BbHH
BH bH
3. Genetic Drift
Tragic events that change the future genotype of a small population
Ex. Small Population of Green & Brown Beetles exist, then catastrophic event occurs, leaving a limited # of survivors
Genetic Drift of a Small Population of Beetles
Which colored beetle will dominate the population in the next 10 years?ANS: BrownWhy?
4. Gene FlowIt is the migration of genes moving in and
out of a population; leads to the intro of new genes
Ex. Two separate populations of beetles (Green vs Brown), one brown beetle migrates and introduces new genes to green beetle population
Process of Speciation
What is Speciation?ANS: Process where new species are formed
due to some type of isolation mechanism
Isolation Mechanisms Creating New Species
Types of Isolation Mechanism
1. Geographic Isolation: 2 population separated by geographic barriers (rivers, mountains,valleys, large bodies of water) can no longer meet or breed together.
Ex. Two population of squirrels separated by a river, evolved and became more different from each other over time
Geographic Isolation
2. Reproductive Isolation
Occurs when 2 different species can’t breed and produce fertile offspring
What do you get when you mate a horse with a donkey?
A mule. Which is incapable of having its own offspring, b/c the parents are not the SAME species.
+ =
Sterile Hybridmother father
(2 types)
a. Behavioral Isolation: 2 populations can’t breed or understand each other b/c they have different mating rituals/calls.
Ex. 2 population of birds (Pigeons & Crows) can’t mate b/c they sing different mating songs to attract mates
b. Temporal Isolation
2 populations have different mating seasons or feeding times, so they won’t meet and mate with each other.
Ex. One species of birds feeds during the morning and the other feeds at night, both won’t be able to meet and mate
Natural Selection Affecting Phenotype of a Population
Types of Natural Selection on Physical Traits
3 Types of Selection1) Directional Selection2) Stabilizing Selection3) Disruptive Selection
Background Information
Moth Survival Rate during the Industrial Revolution
(Black Winged vs. Grey Winged vs White Winged Moths)
Factories built & ashes from burning coal polluted the surrounds
1800s
Types of Moths
Black
Peppered
White
Moths’ Natural Predator
Mmmm…I love eating moths!
1) Directional Selection
Natural Selection favors the survival of one extreme phenotype compared to the others
Environment: Entire area covered in black ash
Which type of Moth will have higher fitness (survival)?____________
Black Winged
What will the curve look like? Graph below
# of MothsIn Pop.
(Moth wing color)
White BlackPeppered
OriginalPopulation
PopulationAfter Selection
2) Stabilizing Selection
Natural Selection favors the survival of the intermediate/mixed phenotype & against the extreme colored ones
Environment: Snow that is mixed with black ash
Which type of moth will have a higher fitness? ______________
Peppered Winged
What will the curve look like? Graph below
# of MothsIn Pop.
White Peppered Black
(Moth wing color)
PopulationAfter Selection
OriginalPopulation
Selection against extremes
3. Disruptive Selection
Natural Selection favors the survival of the two extreme phenotypes and against the intermediate/mixed ones.
Environment: One side of town covered in black ashes and the other covered in snow
Which type of moth(s) will have a higher fitness?________________
Peppered winged
What will the curve look like? Graph below
# of MothsIn Pop.
White Peppered Black(Moth wing color)
PopulationAfter Selection
OriginalPopulation
Selection against the intermediate
Question of the day
If a new moth eating bird is introduced to the environment and eats only black winged moths, which Selection will the moth’s population show?
A) Stabilizing SelectionB) Disruptive SelectionC) Directional Selection
Which moths will dominate the surrounds? ____________White winged
Classwork
Section 16-1, 16-2, 16-3 (Wkbook; Answers ONLY)
Section Assessment (Write down Q’s & A’s_16-1; p. 396; #1-4 16-2; p. 402; #1-5 16-3; p. 410; #1-4Stamps Needed for All work
Make sure to finish Per 2’s Classwork (Section 15-3 Wkbk & Section Assessment 15-3 from Mon)
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