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M. Balfe (C. Béal, S. Kang, A. Levasseur, O.Stallmann)
July 7th 2014
Capture 2 – OxyfuelIntroduction to Oxy-fuel technologies
Austin Texas
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 2
Agenda
• General Overview
• Oxy-fuel Combustion: Overview, Technical Considerations
• Gas Processing Unit (GPU): Overview, Technical Considerations
• Chemical Looping: Overview, Technical Considerations
• Summary, Development Steps and Projects
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 3
CO2 Separation
Absorption
Chemical
Amine
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Sterically Inhibited
Alternative Absorbent
Ammonia
Alkaline Compound
Salts of AminoAcids
Physical
Rectisol
Selexol
Other
Adsorption
Adsorber Beds
Alumina
Zeolite
Activated Carbon
Carbonate / RCC
Regeneration Methods
Pressure Swing A.
Temperature Swing A.
Electro-thermal Swing A.
Vacuum Swing A.
Washing
Alternative Technologies
Cryogenic
Frosting / Anti-sublimation
Membranes
Gas Separation
Gas Absorption
Ceramic based
Oxy Combustion
Oxy Conventional
Chemical Looping
Other
Ionic Liquids
Microbial/ Algal
General OverviewTechnology Options for Carbon Capture
Based on Oexmann J. and Kather A.: Postcombustion CO2 Separation in VGB PowerTech ½, pp 92-103, 2009
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 4
Agenda
• General Overview
• Oxy-fuel Combustion: Overview, Technical Considerations
• Gas Processing Unit (GPU): Overview, Technical Considerations
• Chemical Looping: Overview, Technical Considerations
• Summary, Development Steps and Projects
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 5
Oxy-fuel combustion: OverviewOverview Oxy-Pulverized Coal
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 6
Oxy-Combustion: OverviewTechnology - Principle
Conventional Air:
21 Vol.-% O2
79 Vol.-% N2
Coal
> 21 Vol.-% O2
< 79 Vol.-% FG
Air
Coal
Air ASU
N2
Oxy-Combustion:
FG
Flue gas (FG) recirculation
FG
% Vol. Mass
N2 68.8 66.2
O2 2.8 3.1
CO2 13.9 21.1
Ar+Inerts 0.8 1.1
H2O 13.6 8.5
SO2 0.03 0.07
% Vol. Mass
N2 5.7 4.5
O2 2.8 2.5
CO2 61.5 75.5
Ar+Inerts 3.8 4.2
H2O 26.2 13.2
SO2 0.08 0.14
PRB Subbituminous Coal
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 7
Air Oxy
Alstom 15MWth BSFND Lignite Long-Term Testing
Oxy
Air
Oxy-fuel combustion: Technical Considerations15 MWth BSF - Heat flux profile
The oxy-fired heat flux profile can be controlled to match the air fired
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 8
Oxy-fuel combustion: OverviewOxy-PC Boiler: Development areas investigated
Heat transfer : radiative / convective
Oxy tangential firing system design
Oxygen Injection
Excess O2Flue gas recycle (comp./ratio)
Operation/load change: dynamic response
Effect of coal quality
Control Logics & Safety
Corrosion - high temperature- low temperature
Ash Properties
Fouling & Slagging
SCR adaptation
Air in-leakage
Gas pre-heater adaptation
Emissions
Acid dew point
Mill adaptation / integration
Evaluated Under Design Studies
Evaluated Under Pilot-Scale Testing
Comprehensive Test Program Addresses Several Areas
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 9
Oxy-fuel combustion: Technical ConsiderationsOxy-PC Pilot Testing - AQCS, FGC, and GPU
ESP at Schwarze Pumpe Oxy Pilot
Alstom NID™Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization
Alstom Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization
Alstom Flue Gas Condenser
Alstom Mobile Pilot Gas Processing Unit
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 10
Boiler
BowlMills
Fuel
ESP
Gas-Gas Heater
SRF
PRF
WFGD GPUDCC
Pri
mar
y re
circ
ula
tio
n
Sec
on
dar
y re
circ
ula
tio
n
ASU
Oxygen Injection
Purging & Pressurized Sealing Systems
Flue Gas
Inlet
To
Furnace
From
Furnace
To
ESP
Purging Reduces
Entrained Leakage
Pressurized Sealing Reduces Direct Leakage
Rotation
21% O2
Oxidant
Recirculated Flue Gas From FGD Outlet
Oxy-fuel combustion: Technical ConsiderationsOxy Boiler Design: Examples of Specific System Features
Static Mixer
Grid-type Mixer
CFD Mixing Evaluations
1 2
3 4
56
789
10
1112131415
Ljungstrom® Gas-Gas Preheaters
Special Sealing System
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 11
Agenda
• General Overview
• Oxy-fuel Combustion: Overview, Technical Considerations
• Gas Processing Unit (GPU): Overview, Technical Considerations
• Chemical Looping: Overview, Technical Considerations
• Summary, Development Steps and Projects
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 12
Gas Processing Unit: Process OverviewProcess Overview
New key components of the oxy-chain
Similar systems existing for gas purification HOWEVER:
• Energy optimized;
• Specific design due to coal species;
• Relaxed or stringent CO2 spec.;
• Significant reduction in Air Emissions;
Proven design adapted to new operation conditions
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 13
Gas Processing Unit: Process Overview Flow scheme Overview
Process steps :
•Direct Contact Cooling reduces H2O to <5%
•Multi Stage Flue Gas Compression to >28 bar
•Purification and Drying
•Regeneration Gas System
•Chilling and CO2 Separation
•Off-gas System
•CO2 Recompression
Downstream oxy-boiler and FGD the flue gas is treated to reach the necessary CO2 purity
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 14
Gas Processing Unit: Technical ConsiderationsExternally Refrigerated GPU for SA Quality
Flue gas compressor
Dryer
Cooling by refr. evaporationCO2 flash separation
Refrigeration System
External refrigerant system to optimize energy demand in hot climates
Pump
Vent gas
CO2 product
Yield >80%CO2 in product >95%O2 in product <1%
Pilot Configuration
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 15
Gas Processing Unit: Technical ConsiderationsAuto-refrigerated GPU for SA Quality
Flue gas compressor
Mercuryadsorber
Dryer
Cooling by CO2 evaporationCO2 flash separation
CO2 compressor
Without use of additional refrigerantsProduced CO2 provides the required duty for condensation
Pump
Vent gas
CO2 product
Yield >90%CO2 in product >95%O2 in product <1%
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 16
Gas Processing Unit: Technical ConsiderationsAuto-refrigerated GPU for EOR Quality
Flue gas compressor
Mercuryadsorber
Dryer
Cooling by CO2 evaporationCO2 distil.
Vent gas
CO2 compressor
CO2 product
Without use of additional refrigerantsProduced CO2 provides the required duty for condensationCO2 recycle provides the additional duty to operate the distillation
Pump
Yield >90%CO2 in product >99%O2 in product <0,01%
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 17
Gas Processing Unit: Technical ConsiderationsExternally Refrigerated GPU for EOR Quality
Flue gas compressor
Dryer
Cooling by refr. evaporationCO2 distil.
Vent gas
CO2 product
External refrigerant system to optimize energy demand in hot climatesDistillation ensures CO2 quality for EOR
Pump
Yield >80%CO2 in product >99%O2 in product <0,01%
Refrigeration System
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 18
Gas Processing Unit: Technical ConsiderationsSummary
• Autorefrigerated GPU for recovery rates of 90% and above−Not too high cooling water temperatures (SA <25°C EOR
<28°C)−More sensitive to trace substances, e.g. Hg reaction with
Aluminum
• Externally refrigerated GPU for yields of 80% and above−Less sensitive to cooling water temperature−No mercury removal required−Robust design using mainly simple materials like carbon
steel
• Main targets for Pilot operation CO2-capture and purity achieved
−CO2 purity > 95%−CO2 capture > 90 %
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 19
Gas Processing Unit: Technical ConsiderationsGPU Pilot - CO2 Recovery Rate and Purity
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
65 70 75 80 85 90
Inlet CO2 concentration, %vol (dry)
CO2 in product, %vol (dry)
Recovery rate, %
•Targeted recovery rate of >90% reached at CO2 inlet concentrations of 80%. •Design point regarding CO2 inlet concentration is 82%.•Commercial unit performance higher due to reduction of heat losses.
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 20
Gas Processing Unit: Technical ConsiderationsGPU Pilot - SO2 Removal in DCC
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
DCC inlet, ppmv dry
Rem
ova
l eff
icie
ncy
, %
•High performance SOx scrubbing ensures relaxed operating conditions in the compression section and reduced corrosion risks.
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 21
Gas Processing Unit: Technical ConsiderationsGPU Pilot - NOx Removal in GPU
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 22
Gas Processing Unit: Technical ConsiderationsHg Removal in Activated Carbon Bed
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 23
Agenda
• General Overview
• Oxy-fuel Combustion: Overview, Technical Considerations
• Gas Processing Unit (GPU): Overview, Technical Considerations
• Chemical Looping: Overview, Technical Considerations
• Summary, Development Steps and Projects
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 24
Oxy-fuel SummaryIntegrated Approach - Reference Plant work
• Globally optimize cost of electricity
• Balance trade-offs between main subsystems (performance and costs)
• Integration of flue gas cleaning strategy
• Optimize heat integration• Optimize operation and
controls• Optimize arrangement and
minimize footprint
Guides the R&D and defines future commercial design
© ALSTOM 2014. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Presentation title - 07/07/2014 – P 25
Moving forward to scale-up the technology
Oxy-Combustion Process Update on Alstom roadmap
Commercial
2020 & beyond1990’s
R&D and Lab scale
Large –scale demonstrationPilots
2008 2012
Planned
White Rose
Selby (UK) - 426 MWe
Alstom BSF USA - 15 MWth
Vattenfall Schwarze PumpeGermany - 30 MWth
Total LacqFrance - 30 MWth
GPU Pilot
Tests completed
or in operation
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 26
15 MWth Oxyfuel Pilot Plant Alstom Labs, Windsor, CT, USA
Comprehensive Program :• 5 Years (Sept. 2008 – April 2014)
• ~21.5 MUSDLarge Pilot Completed:
• Evaluated the impacts of different oxy process options and boiler design parameters
• Detailed perfromance data (combustion, heat transfer, pollutant emissions, deposition, corrosion …)
• Coals tested (Low S Bit (WV), High S Bit (IL), Sub-bit (WY), Lignite (ND, DE)
• Evaluated, improved, and validated engineering and computational tools
Scale-Up Completed: • Development of design guidelines
• Large-scale Reference Designs
• Demonstration Design
• Ready for large demonstration
•Oxy-Combustion Pilot with AQCS & GPU – Alstom, Windsor, CT, USA
•NDIC
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 27
First oxy pilot plant with complete train for CO2 separation and capture
• Alstom supplied the Boiler, ESP and other components of the flue gas path
• Technology Partnership with Vattenfallto advance of the Oxyfuel technology
Operation started September 2008
• Very successful – operated extensively and reliably
• Tests with two lignites (low/high sulfur)
• Test phases with Alstom Burners (Design A+B) finished
• Detailed performance data and operational experience
30 MWth Oxy-Combustion Pilot Plant at Vattenfall’s Schwarze Pumpe station, Germany
•Alstom Oxy-boiler
•Alstom Oxy-burner
© Capture Power Ltd 2014. All rights reservedConference Slides, May 2014 28
Largest Oxy-combustion CCS Commercialisation Project Worldwide
WHITE ROSE CCS PROJECT
Project Snapshot• A new modern ultra-supercritical 426MWe (gross) Oxy-Power Plant
• Located at the Drax Power Station Site, Selby, North Yorkshire
• >300 MWe Clean power - equivalent to the needs of 630,000 homes
• 100% of flue gas treated, 90% CO2 capture rate → 2 million tonnes CO2/year
• Biomass co-firing leading to zero - or negative - CO2 emissions
• Anchor project for National Grid’s regional CO2 transport & offshore storage
network
– Yorkshire & Humber CCS cluster covers almost 20% of UK’s CO2 emissions
– Infrastructure planned to be sized for 17 million tonnes CO2/year to enable future
projects
• CO2 to be permanently stored in a deep saline formation offshore, beneath
the North Sea
© Capture Power Ltd 2014. All rights reservedConference Slides, May 2014 29
Location: Drax Power Station, North Yorkshire, UK
Power Station Location
© Capture Power Ltd 2014. All rights reservedConference Slides, May 2014 30
• Owner & operator of the UK’s largest, cleanest, most efficient
coal-fired power station; 7% of the UK’s electricity needs
• Produces more renewable power than any other UK facility
• Committed to reducing Drax & UK power generation carbon
footprint
• A global leader in the world of power generation, power
transmission and rail infrastructure
• A pioneer in large-scale and efficient CCS technologies
• The largest provider of industrial gases in UK
• A member of The Linde Group, a world leading gases and
engineering company
• An international electricity and gas company and one of the
largest investor-owned energy companies in the world
• Expert in running high pressure natural gas system in a safe,
reliable and efficient manner
A Strong Industrial Consortium
© Capture Power Ltd 2014. All rights reservedConference Slides, May 2014 31
OXY-POWER PLANT CO2 TRANSPORT & STORAGE
• Delivery of ASU
• O&M of ASU• O&M of Oxy-PP
• Trading Services
• Site and Site Services
• Fuel Supply
• Electrical Connection
• Delivery of Oxy-PP
• Integration of Oxy-
PP
• Delivery of Transport
& Storage network
• O&M of Transport &
Storage network
• Full-Chain
Integration
Alstom BOC (Linde)Drax
Delivery Plan
Carbon Ltd
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 32
1st Generation Oxy-fuelSummary
• Successfully developed over the past ten years
• Alstom oxy pilots have provided a sound foundation for commercial-scale design
• Alstom has addressed all major components and their integration
• Total plant integration is needed to optimize performance and minimize the CoE of oxy power plants
• Cost competitive with other fossil and non-CO2 generation
• Alstom is ready to demonstrate oxy-combustion at large-scale under real commercial conditions
• The White Rose project in the UK is a promising opportunity to demonstratecommercialization
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 33
Agenda
• General Overview
• Oxy-fuel Combustion: Overview, Technical Considerations
• Gas Processing Unit (GPU): Overview, Technical Considerations
• Chemical Looping: Overview, Technical Considerations
• Summary, Development Steps and Projects
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 34
Chemical Looping (CLC): OverviewChemical Looping Process Scheme
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 35
Chemical Looping: Overview Alstom’s Chemical Looping Development, Since Late 1990s
Alstom is executing two chemical looping programs
Metal Oxide Based (MeOx)Limestone Based (LCL™)
Main Features:
• Metal-based oxygen carriers such as Fe,
Mn, Cu… ores, ilmenite (FeTiO3), or on
substrates
• Process based on CFB solids transport
• Carbon stripper for minimizing UBC
Main Features:
• Limestone based oxygen carrier –CaS, CaSO4
• Process based on “Fast” Bed
• Sorbent reactivation for increased limestone utilization
ÉCLAIR/ACCLAIM Programs – EU RFCS funded
US-DOE funded
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 36
Alstom’s LCL™ Concept
Option 1 – Chemical looping combustion• Excess air to fuel• Product gas is CO2
• Heat produces steam for power
Option 2 – Chemical looping gasification• Excess fuel to air• Product gas is Syngas• No inherent CO2 capture• High efficiency, low cost IGCC
Option 3 – Hydrogen production• Add CaO-CaCO3 loop to option 2• Add calciner• Product gas is low cost H2
• Calciner off-gas is CO2
Coal
L
•CO2•H2O
ProductGas
CaSO4
Air
N2Ash CaSO4
CaS
Calciner
CO2 (g)
Hotsolids
Coldsolids
Steam toPower Cycle
CaO
CaCO3
•H2O
Current prototype setup
CaCO3
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 37
Alstom’s LCL™Options and Applications
Option 1 – Combustion with CO2 Capture
Reducer Oxidizer
CaSO4 CaS
N2
AirCoal
CaCO3
SteamAsh, CaSO4
to Disposal
Calciner CO2
H2
Option 3 – Hydrogen with CO2 Capture
R e d u c e r O x i d i z e r
C a S O 4 C a S
N 2
A irC o a l
C a C O 3
S t e a mA s h , C a S O 4
t o D is p o s a l
S y n g a sC O , H 2
Option 2 – Syngas with no CO2 Capture
• CO2 Capture – PC Retrofit• CO2 Capture – CFB Retrofit• CO2 Capture-Ready Power Plant• Advanced Steam Cycles
• ICGG with Down-Stream CO2 Capture• Industrial Syngas• Coal-to-Liquid Fuels
• CO2 Capture – PC Retrofit• CO2 Capture – CFB Retrofit• CO2 Capture-Ready PC/CFB Power Plant• Advanced Steam Cycles• IGCC with CO2 Capture• Fuel Cell Cycles• Industrial Hydrogen, CO2
• Lowest Cost CO2 Capture Option• Competitive with or without CO2 Capture
Applications
Reducer Oxidizer
CaSO4 CaS
N2
AirCoal
CaCO3
SteamAsh, CaSO4
to Disposal
CO2
Steam
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 38
Alstom’s LCL™Prototype Testing (3 MWt)
Prototype (3 MWt)
• Main objectives: – Design, engineering, construction and operation– Autothermal operation of prototype– Provide data required to design, build and operate a reliable
demonstration plant
• Status: – Engineering & go/no-go (Oct 2008 – Apr 2010)– EPC, Shakedown (Apr 2010 – Dec 2010)– First coal firing - May 2011– Autothermal operation achieved in July 2012; 40 hrs May 2013– Current activity: Phase II Test 1; Facility Move
• Total DOE-funded budget: $9.2 million (80% DOE):– 8.2 for preliminary engineering and EPC– 1.0 for preliminary testing
• Additional Alstom funding of $3.5 million to achieveautothermal operation plus a 40 hour autothermal run
65 feet
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 39
Alstom’s LCL™- 3 MWth Prototype PerformanceHighlights
• Achieved 1st autothermal operation on two crushed coals.
• Performance is not perfect, but good enough to see:
– Major chemical looping reactions take place– Test results indicate directions for improvement
• No major concept changes have been required.
•Highlights:
• 40 hour Autothermal Operation • Coal-only operation (Pittsburgh & Adaro)• Chemical looping reactions working• Unburned carbon < 0.5%• Up to 96% carbon capture achieved• Sulfur controllable to near zero• Stable operation for long periods
02
00
400
60
08
00
10
00
12
00
lb/h
r
Thu 05/09 Fri 05/10 Sat 05/11 Sun 05/12
100
01
20
01
40
016
00
180
020
00
°F
coal flow gas flow red temp ox temp
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 40
2nd Generation Oxyfuel (LCLTM and MeOx) CombustionSummary
• CLC technology:
− Potential for high efficiency, low cost power and low cost CO2 capture
• CLC flexiblity:
− New or retrofit application− Syngas, hydrogen or power
• CLC appears feasible for limestone and MeOx
• Next steps - field demonstration:
− power or refinery− 10-50 MWe scale
Chemical Looping Potential – Flexible and Low Cost
•© ALSTOM 2013. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Capture 2 - Oxyfuel: Introduction to Oxy-fuel technology 07/07/2014 - P 41
Acknowledgements and Disclaimer
AcknowledgementSome of work presented was supported by the U S Department of Energy through the National Energy Technology Laboratories under Agreement DE NT-0005290. The guidance and direction of NETL Project Managers Steve Mascaro and Tim Fout is acknowledged and appreciated.
DisclaimerParts of this presentation were prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Information disclosed herein is furnished to the recipient solely for the use thereof as has been agreed upon with ALSTOM and all rights to such information are reserved by ALSTOM. The recipient of the information disclosed herein agrees, as a condition of its receipt of such information, that ALSTOM shall have no liability for any direct or indirect damages including special, punitive, incidental, or consequential damages caused by, or arising from, the recipient’s use or non-use of the information
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