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5/16/2012
1
Repeated high-speed activities during youth
soccer games in relation to
changes in maximal sprinting and aerobic speeds
Martin Buchheit, Ben Simpson and Alberto Mendez-Villanueva
Sport Science Department, Physiology Unit, ASPIRE, Academy for Sports
Excellence, Doha, Qatar.
3rd World conference on Science and Soccer - 14-16th May 2012, Ghent, Belgium
Sport science support -Training process in an academy
• Football is first a tactical / technical game
• Understanding the physical demands of a game is
determinant for the implementation of physical training
strategies
� What should we train?
� How much should be train?
Time motion games analysis
Gir
ard
et
al.
Sp
ort
s M
ed
20
11
Research on repeated-
sprint ability
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chh
eit
et
al.
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SM
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10
a
International games in young highly-trained players
Q: Do/how speed and fitness influence
high-intensity running performance and
repeated-sprint activity during game ?
5/16/2012
2
Impellizzeri et al. IJSM 2006
Rampinini et al. IJSM 2007
Pre Post
VO
2m
ax (
ml.m
in-1
.kg
-1)
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66VO2max
Dis
tance (
m)
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
High Intensity Running (>17km/h)
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chh
eit
et
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SM
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a
# o
f re
pe
ate
d h
igh
-sp
ee
d a
ctio
ns
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
CD WM
Ru
nn
ing
sp
ee
d (
%M
SS
)
*
Me
nd
ez-
Vil
lan
ue
va
JS
CR
20
11
Playing position ‘constrains’ the expression of
physical capacities during games
Bu
chh
eit
et
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SM
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b
The impact of fitness on match running
performance is position-dependent
• Most of the available data limited to cross-sectional
analyses or correlations
• No data on repeated high-speed actions or sprints
• Impact of playing positions on these relationships is unclear
• Q: which physical capacities can impact
high-intensity running performance and repeated-sprint
activity during game ?
• Q: can all playing positions benefit from the same
‘transfert’ ?
Game running activities vs. physical capacities
Examine in highly-trained young players
the effect of longitudinal changes in
• Maximal sprint speed (MSS)
• estimated maximal aerobic speed (MAS)
on
• Repeated high-speed actions
• Repeated sprints sequences
during international games
with respect to playing
positions
Purpose
5/16/2012
3
• 124 young soccer players
– 14.3 ± 0.8 yrs,
– 0.3 ± 0.9 yrs from/to peak height velocity
– 163.0 ± 9.4 cm and 49.1 ± 7.8 kg
• 14 hours of combined soccer-specific training and competitive play per week
• Tested 3 x / year (i.e., October, January and May)
Physical Performance field tests
• Time-motion analysis during international friendly games
Methods Physical performance tests
• Anthropometry � Maturity status = age from
peak height velocity (Mirwald MSS 2002)
• Incremental track test (Vam-eval) � esti. MAS
• 40-m sprint with 10-m split times
� Acceleration (1st 10 m) / MSS (best split) (Buchheit IJSPP 2012)
Reliability of the performance measures (CV):
(n = 65 players)
• MSS: 1.4% (90% CL: 1.2;1.6)
• MAS: 3.5% (90% CL: 3.0;4.1)
• GPS, SPI Elite, GPSport, 1Hz
• 109 games � 736 player-matches
– full-backs (FB, n = 36 different players
played at this position)
– centre-backs (CB, n = 26)
– midfielders and second strikers (MD,
n = 48)
– wide midfielders (wingers, W, n = 43)
– strikers (S, n = 19).
Match analyses
• Absolute and relative speed
thresholds (Buchheit IJSM 2010)
• Absolute speed threshold
– in relation to opponents
– to compare players
� Repeated high-speed actions :
> 2 actions >19 km.h-1 within 60s
• Relative speed threshold
– Relative demand for each player
� Repeated sprint sequences :
> 2 actions >61% of MSS within 60s
Match analyses124 players tested 3 x / years
• October to January• January to May• May to October
No change in
MSS or MAS
No change in
MSS or MAS
Substantial (>1/2 CV)
decrease
in MSS or MAS
Substantial (>1/2 CV)
decrease
in MSS or MAS
Substantial (>1/2 CV)
increase
in MSS or MAS
Substantial (>1/2 CV)
increase
in MSS or MAS
Changes in repeated high-speed actions and repeated
sprint sequences ?
Changes in repeated high-speed actions and repeated
sprint sequences ?
33 different players, 207 games
Pairs of Δ : 41 for MSS and 28 for MAS
10 different players, 73 games
Pairs of Δ : 9 for MSS and 12 for MAS
At least 2 games played during
a given testing period
Δ736 player-matches
5/16/2012
4
Sta
nd
ard
ized
diffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0Substantial improvements in MSS
FB CB MD W S
Sta
nd
ard
ize
d d
iffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0 Substantial improvements in Vvam-Eval
Changes in MSS
Changes in Vvam-Eval
Sta
nd
ard
ized
diffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0Substantial improvements in MSS
FB CB MD W S
Sta
nd
ard
ize
d d
iffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
# of RHSS
Substantial improvements in Vvam-Eval
Changes in MSS
Changes in Vvam-Eval
Sta
nd
ard
ized
diffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0Substantial improvements in MSS
FB CB MD W S
Sta
nd
ard
ize
d d
iffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
# of RHSS # Sprint/RHSS
Substantial improvements in Vvam-Eval
Changes in MSS
Changes in Vvam-Eval
↑MAS
↑MSS
Changes in MAS
Improvements in physical
capacities :
� greater repeated high-speed
activity
�Effect position-dependent
� less clear for # efforts per
sequence
Repeated high-speed actions
(absolute speed)
Sta
nd
ard
ized
diffe
rences
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0 Substantial decreases in MSS
FB CB MD W S
Sta
ndard
ize
d d
iffe
ren
ces
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0 Substantial decreases in VVam-Eval
Changes in MSS
Changes in VVam-Eval
Sta
ndard
ized d
iffe
rences
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0 Substantial decreases in MSS
FB CB MD W S
Sta
ndard
ized d
iffe
ren
ces
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
# of RHSS
Substantial decreases in VVam-Eval
Changes in MSS
Changes in VVam-Eval
Sta
ndard
ized d
iffe
rences
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0 Substantial decreases in MSS
FB CB MD W S
Sta
ndard
ized d
iffe
ren
ces
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
# of RHSS # Sprint/RHSS
Substantial decreases in VVam-Eval
Changes in MSS
Changes in VVam-Eval
↓MSS
↓MAS
Changes in MAS
Decrements in physical capacities :
� Greater or unchanged repeated
high-speed activity
�Effect position-dependent
� less clear for # efforts per
sequence
Repeated high-speed actions
(absolute speed)
Sta
nd
ard
ize
d d
iffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0Substantial improvements in MSS
FB CB MD W S
Sta
nd
ard
ized
diffe
rence
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0 Substantial improvements in Vvam-Eval
Changes in MSS
Changes in Vvam-Eval
Sta
nd
ard
ize
d d
iffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0Substantial improvements in MSS
FB CB MD W S
Sta
nd
ard
ize
d d
iffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
# of RSS
Substantial improvements in Vvam-Eval
Changes in MSS
Changes in Vvam-Eval
Sta
nd
ard
ize
d d
iffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0Substantial improvements in MSS
FB CB MD W S
Sta
nd
ard
ize
d d
iffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
# of RSS # Sprint/RSS
Substantial improvements in Vvam-Eval
Changes in MSS
Changes in Vvam-Eval
↑MAS
↑MSS
Changes in MAS
Improvements in physical
capacities :
� Unchanged or less sequences
�Effect position-dependent
� less clear for # efforts per
sequence
Repeated sprints
(relative speed)
Sta
nd
ard
ized
diffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0 Substantial decreases in MSS
FB CB MD W S
Sta
nd
ard
ized
diffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0 Substantial decreases in VVam-Eval
Changes in MSS
Changes in VVam-Eval
Sta
nd
ard
ized
diffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0 Substantial decreases in MSS
FB CB MD W S
Sta
nd
ard
ized
diffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
# of RSS
Substantial decreases in VVam-Eval
Changes in MSS
Changes in VVam-Eval
Sta
nd
ard
ized
diffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0 Substantial decreases in MSS
FB CB MD W S
Sta
nd
ard
ized
diffe
ren
ce
s
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
# of RSS # Sprint/RSS
Substantial decreases in VVam-Eval
Changes in MSS
Changes in VVam-Eval
↓MSS
↓MAS
Changes in MAS
Decrements in physical capacities :
� greater or unchanged # of
sequences
�Effect position-dependent
� less clear for # efforts per
sequence
Repeated sprints
(relative speed)
• Getting faster and/or fitter
– Enables greater repeated high-speed activities
– but does not translate into greater repeated-
sprint activity during games
– ↓the occurrence of sprints (↓ load)
– Large position differences
� Game constrains limit the expression of fitness
• Loosing speed and/or fitness
– Does not compromise the actual match running
activity � fitness was not limiting before
– But ↑ relative running load during games
• Physical fitness
�is not THE first determinant of repeated high speed
actions during games � actual game demands are
likely more important
�May modulate relative physical load
� Injury risk, fatigue
�Passing ability, decision making, etc…
5/16/2012
5
How much should we train physical
capacities?
• Who can do more, can do less !
• Thresholds ? ‘Minimum required’ to play…
• Cost/benefits in relation to player’s
– Physical profile
– Playing style
– Playing position
– Playing standard
Martin Buchheit
Physiologist
ASPIRE Academy for Sports Excellence
P.O. Box 22287, Doha, Qatar
Tel: (+974) 55232540
Email: martin.buchheit@aspire.qa
Bu
chh
eit
et
al.
IJ
SM
20
10
a
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