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TECHNICAL REPORT
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER
PRELIMINARY BENEFIT/COST ANALYSIS (2008)
Hernando County Airport
Brooksville, Florida
prepared for:
Hernando County, Florida
January 2008
prepared by:
uadrex Associates, Inc. irport Development Services
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i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II. AIRCRAFT ACTIVITY SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
III. AIRCRAFT ACTIVITY FORECASTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
IV. ATCT BENEFIT/COST RATIO ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
A. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
B. Critical Values and Other FAA Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
C. Base Case Scenario Benefit/Cost Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
D. Alternate Case Scenario Benefit/Cost Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
E. Break-Even Scenario Benefit/Cost Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
APPENDIX A Supporting Documentation
APPENDIX B Detailed B/C Calculations - Base Case Scenario
APPENDIX C Detailed B/C Calculations - Alternate Case Scenario
APPENDIX D Detailed B/C Calculations - Break-Even Scenario
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ATCT Benefit/Cost Analysis
1 An operation is counted as either an aircraft take-off or landing.
Page 1Hernando County Airport 1/21/08
I. Introduction
Quadrex Associates, Inc., was retained by the Hernando County (FL), to provide professionalplanning services for the development of the Benefit/Cost (B/C) documentation necessary for
establishing the feasibility of a proposed new Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) at the HernandoCounty Airport (BKV). This information is intended for determining the potential range for federalparticipation in costs associated with the annual operation of the Control Tower by the FederalAviation Administration (FAA) under the Contract Tower Program (CTP).
The following tasks were incorporated into the study:
1. Review FAAs current (2007) Terminal Area Forecast (TAF)2. Develop pro-forma Benefit/Cost Analysis using FAA data3. Review other site specific data relevant to the B/C analysis (master plan forecasts, based
aircraft, etc.)
4. Develop pro-forma alternative B/C reflecting site-specific data and other sources
The following report narrative presents the findings and recommendations of the study. Thecomments and opinions expressed in this report are those exclusively of Quadrex Associates and donot reflect the position of the Federal Aviation Administration or that of any other federal, state, orlocal agency.
II. Aircraft Activity Summary
Hernando County Airport (BKV) is a general aviation airport located six miles southwest ofBrooksville, Florida. The Airport has two runways, Runway 9/27 which is 7,001 feet long and is
enhanced by a precision instrument landing system (ILS) for approaches to Runway 9 and Runway03/21 which is 5,015 feet long . Figure A illustrates the layout of the Airport. According to arecent aircraft census conducted by airport management, there are currently 168 aircraft based at theAirport. Table 1 provides a breakdown of based aircraft by category. It is noted that the totalaircraft count is somewhat higher than the information on record with the FAA. The census wasconducted to provide the FAA with more current data to update the national airport database. Thisnew information will be used to develop an alternate scenario for the B/C calculations.
As an airport currently without an operational air traffic control tower, aircraft activitycharacteristics (i.e., number of operations1, aircraft mix, etc.) at the airport are not officially countedon a regular basis. Since this information is a fundamental component used for determining the need
and justification (benefit) for air traffic control services, a review of other data sources wasconducted. Normally, without an ATC Tower to keep contemporaneous records of aircraft activity,the airport activity at BKV would be estimated through the preparation of a master plan or airportlayout plan update or from the FAA data developed from periodic inspections of the airport.
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ATCT Benefit/Cost Analysis
Page 2
Hernando County Airport 1/21/08
Figure
A
EXISTINGF
A
CILITIES
HernandoCou
ntyAirport
QUADREX
ASSOCIATES,INC.
AirportDevelopmentServices
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ATCT Benefit/Cost Analysis
2 Reference: FAA Terminal Area Forecast, FY 2007-2025
Page 3
Hernando County Airport 1/22/08
Table 1Based Aircraft Census
Hernando County Airport
AircraftType
Actual A/CNumber
Percent of TotalAircraft
FAA TAFA/C Data
Single Engine Piston 139 77.6% 130
Multi-engine Piston 12 9.5% 12
Multi-engine Turbine 17 11.5% 3
Helicopter 14 1.3% 7
Other 3 0.0% 4
Total 185 100.0% 156
Source: FAA 2007 Terminal Area Forecast and BKV Airport Management Records
This information is also generally used as input data in the preparation of the FAAs Terminal Area Forecast
(TAF). Tthe FAAs TAF for BVK used a 2006 baseline figure of 77,483 total operations 2. Table
2 presents the breakdown of operations by type of activity as estimated by the FAA.
Table 2Estimated Aircraft Operations (CY 2006)
Hernando County Airport
OperationsType
AnnualOperations
Percent of TotalOperations
Itinerant
Air Carrier 0 0.0%
Air Taxi/Charter 468 0.6%
General Aviation 34,264 44.2%
Military 779 1.0%
Subtotal Itinerant 35,511 45.8%
Local
General Aviation 40,804 52.7%
Military 1,168 1.5%
Subtotal Local 41,972 54.2%
Total 77,483 100.0%
Source: FAA 2007 Terminal Area Forecast (CY 2006 for BKV)
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ATCT Benefit/Cost Analysis
Page 4Hernando County Airport 1/21/08
III. Aircraft Activity Forecasts
Table B-1 in Appendix B presents the FAAs 2007-2025 TAF projections for future activity at BKV.As this table indicates, the FAAs forecast projects only marginal annual growth of approximately1.3 percent for general aviation air traffic activity (including both itinerant and local operations) overthe next 15-year period.
As an alternative to the current TAF, the FAA will consider a master plan forecast that has beenrecently approved (i.e., within the past 2 years). Since the Airport has recently completed a forecastupdate as part of the ongoing Master Plan update, a separate Alternate Case scenario wasdeveloped using the activity forecasts. In addition, the based aircraft data from the Airport MasterPlan Inventory will be used to estimate average aircraft values for the Alternate Case scenario.Table C-1 presents the Master Plan forecast broken down by individual years. It should be notedthat the FAA Airports District Office has reviewed and approved these forecasts as being consistentwith the Terminal Area Forecast (see Appendix A, Supporting Documentation).
Also, military aircraft operations from both the Terminal Area Forecast and the Master Plan Update
appear to be significantly underestimated. The Airport currently is the home of a Florida ArmyNational Guard helicopter unit and supports the training activities of other military units, mostnotably the Coast Guard operating C-130's out of the St. Petersburg Clearwater InternationalAirport. The Airports long runway with an ILS, a DOD fueling contractor on-site, and relativelyuncongested and unpopulated airspace, make BKV an attractive alternative for military flighttraining. It is conservatively estimated that 25 itinerant and 100 local military operations per weekcurrently occur at BKV and no doubt this activity would increase if positive controlled airspace wereestablished at the Airport (See Appendix A, Supporting Documentation). This adjustment in militaryactivity was included in the Alternate Forecast (Table C-1) in place of the Master Plan militaryfigures to represent a reasonable estimate of military training activity is occurring at the Airport.
IV. ATCT Benefit Cost Ratio Analysis
A. GeneralThe FAAs Air Traffic Division administers the funding for the operation of Level 1 VFR air trafficcontrol towers through contract agreements with qualified ATC contractors on a regional basis. ThisContract Tower program has proven to be very effective in significantly reducing the cost ofproviding air traffic control services so that many locations, which would have otherwise seen theirATC services eliminated due to FAA budget constraints, can continue to benefit from the servicesof an Air Traffic Control Tower facility.
The decision process for the funding of the operation of contract tower locations is primarilydetermined by a Benefit/Cost analysis. FAA Report APO 90-7, Establishment and DiscontinuanceCriteria for Air Traffic Control Towers outlines the procedures for calculating Benefit/Cost (B/C)ratios.
Costs are those direct costs associated with the operation of the Control Tower including labor andother expenses. Benefits are measured in terms of lives and property saved by the prevention of
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ATCT Benefit/Cost Analysis
3It is the FAAs current policy to consider candidate new entrants into the Contract Tower Progam only if their
establishment B/C ratio equals or exceeds 1.0.
Page 5Hernando County Airport 1/21/08
midair collisions and other accidents and the savings in flight time by providing controlled airspacearound the Airport. The benefit of the Control Tower must be greater than the cost (benefit/costratio of greater than 1.0) order to qualify for full funding under the FAAs Contract Tower program.
The FAA also manages a separately funded Cost-Sharing program which allows airports currentlyin the Contract Tower Program with B/C ratios under 1.0 to continue to participate in air traffic
control services. This cost-sharing program uses the B/C ratio to determine the pro-rated share ofFAA costs with the balance contributed by the airport sponsor.
B. Critical Values and Other FAA Assumptions
The FAA in the B/C analysis process uses various critical values that represent the generic cost
of specific items and are set by the General Accounting Office (GAO). The critical values for itemsused in the B/C Analysis include:
Table 3
FAA Critical Values & Assumptions
Statistical Life................................................. $ 3,000,000Serious Injury.................................................. 580,700Minor Medical Injury...................................... 42,900GA Travelers Time (per hour)....................... 32.50Other Travelers Time (per hour).................... 28.00Discount Rate (for net present value).............. 7%
Source: FAA Office of Policy and Plans (Base Year 2002)
Generally, FAA policy considers new entrants into the Contract Tower Program initially using theestablishment criteria of APO 90-7 which applies the statistical means for accident risk as aprimary factor in the B/C calculations. Also, for new entrants, projected operations are discountedby 7.5 percent to account for the number of operations that would not be handled by an ATCTfacility open for at least 12 hours daily. The establishment period for new ATC Tower facilitiesentering the Contract Tower Program generally applies to the first one to two years of operation,depending on the point the control tower enters the program since the FAA calculates the B/Cbiennially. All subsequent calculations of the B/C ratio by the FAA after the initial establishmentperiod are conducted using the discontinuance criteria.3
For existing Contract ATC Towers in subsequent years (Years 3-15), the B/C calculation is
conducted using the discontinuance criteria which considers the upper bounds of the statistical riskof accidents. Projected operations are not discounted in the discontinuance scenario since it isassumed that all operations handled by ATC are counted.
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ATCT Benefit/Cost Analysis
Page 7Hernando County Airport 1/22/08
the FAA covering the entire operational costs of the new ATC Tower location. For the AlternateCase (Years 3-15 Discontinuance), Table C-3 shows the value of the ATC Tower benefits
increasing to $8,287,258with a resultant B/C ratio of 1.89and thus, the costs for operating theControl Tower would be eligible for continued full funding by a comfortable margin. Appendix Ccontains the detailed calculations of the benefits from the Alternate Case scenario.
E. Break-Even Scenario Benefit/Cost Analysis
While outside the scope of this analysis, another forecast of aviation activity was developed toillustrate the approximate levels of aircraft activity that would result in a Benefit/Cost ratio equaling1.0 under the establishment criteria and thus allow the Airport to enter into the Contract TowerProgram. Generally, a total of 90,500 annual operations extended over the 15-year period with nogrowth would result in a break-even 1.0 B/C ratio. Table D-1 presents the Break-Even forecast datashowing the level operations that would have to occur in order to reach the 1.0 B/C threshold. TableD-2 presents the detailed B/C calculations.
V. Conclusions and Recommendations
Based on the analysis using the current based aircraft and the forecast of aviation activity from theAirport Master Plan Update, it appears that full funding of ATC services at Hernando CountyAirport under the FAAs Contract Tower Program would be likely once the facility is constructed.If the decision is made to go forward with the development of a new ATC Tower facility, it is
recommended that formal application for entry into the FAAs Contract Tower Program office besubmitted immediately so that the operational cost of the tower facility can be programmed into theFAAs FY 2010 budget.
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APPENDIX
SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATIO
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30 RUNWAY IDENT:31 LENGTH:
32 WIDTH:
33 SURF TYPE-COND:
34 SURF TREATMENT:
35 GROSS WT:
36 (IN THSDS)
37
38
40 EDGE INTENSITY:
42 RWY MARK TYPE-COND:
43 VGSI:
44 THR CROSSING HGT:
45 VISUAL GLIDE ANGLE:
46 CNTRLN-TDZ:
47 RVR-RVV:48 REIL:
49 APCH LIGHTS:
50 FAR 77 CATEGORY:
51 DISPLACED THR:
52 CTLG OBSTN:
53 OBSTN MARKED/LGTD:
54 HGT ABOVE RWY END:
55 DIST FROM RWY END:
56 CNTRLN OFFSET:
57 OBSTN CLNC SLOPE:
58 CLOSE-IN OBSTN:
60 TAKE OFF RUN AVBL (TORA):
61 TAKE OFF DIST AVBL (TODA):
62 ACLT STOP DIST AVBL (ASDA):
63 LNDG DIST AVBL (LDA):
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
SW
DW
DTW
DDTW
39 PCN:
(>) ARPT MGR PLEASE ADVISE FSS IN ITEM 86 WHEN CHANGES OCCUR TO ITEMS PRECEDED BY >
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
PU10 OWNERSHIP:
11 OWNER:
12 ADDRESS:
13 PHONE NR:
14 MANAGER:
15 ADDRESS:
16 PHONE NR:
17 ATTENDANCE SCHEDULE:
18 AIRPORT USE:
19 ARPT LAT:
20 ARPT LONG:
21 ARPT ELEV:
22 ACREAGE:
23 RIGHT TRAFFIC:
24 NON-COMM LANDING:
25 NPIAS/FED AGREEMENTS:
26 FAR 139 INDEX:
GENERAL
HERNANDO COUNTY
16110 AVIATION LOOP DR
352-754-4061
DON SILVERNELL
16110 AVIATION LOOP DR
BROOKSVILLE, FL 34609
352-754-4061
BROOKSVILLE, FL 34609
28-28-24.9000N ESTIMATED
082-27-19.5000W
76 SURVEYED
2498
NO
NO
NGPRY
PUBLIC
70 FUEL:
SERVICES
71 AIRFRAME RPRS: MAJOR
72 PWR PLANT RPRS: MAJOR
73 BOTTLE OXYGEN: HIGH
74 BULK OXYGEN: HIGH
75 TSNT STORAGE: HGR, TIE
76 OTHER SERVICES:
AVNCS, CHTR, INSTR, RNTL, SALES
80 ARPT BCN:
81 ARPT LGT SKED:
CG
DUSK-DAWN
82 UNICOM: 123.000
83 WIND INDICATOR:
YES84 SEGMENTED CIRCLE:
85 CONTROL TWR: NONE
86 FSS: SAINT PETERSBURG
NO87 FSS ON ARPT:
88 FSS PHONE NR:
89 TOLL FREE NR: 1-800-WX-BRIEF
90 SINGLE ENG:
91 MULTI ENG:
92 JET:
90
8
2
TOTAL:
93 HELICOPTERS:
94 GLIDERS:
95 MILITARY:
96 ULTRA-LIGHT:
5
0
0
3
100 AIR CARRIER:
102 AIR TAXI:
103 G A LOCAL:
104 G A ITNRNT:
105 MILITARY:
TOTAL:
500
300
26,200
22,000YES-L
100
49,000
0
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
OPERATIONS FOR 12
MONTHS ENDING
>
100LL A
11/07/2001
FACILITIES
BASED AIRCRAFT
OPERATIONS
RUNWAY DATA
LIGHTING/APCH AIDS
OBSTRUCTION DATA
DECLARED DISTANCES
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
111 INSPECTOR: S( ) 11/07/2001112 LAST INSP: 113 LAST INFO REQ:
ALL ALL 0700-1800
03/215,015
150
CONC-G
50.0
75.0
135.0
MED
NPI - G NPI - G/
/
/
/
- / -
-/- /
/
A(V) A(NP)/
/
TREES TREES/
/
44 50/
2,150 1,900/
0B 0B/
44:1 34:1/
N N/
/
/
/
/
09/277,002
150
CONC-G
90.0
130.0
230.0
MED
PIR - G NPI - G/
P4L P4L/
/
/
- / -
-/-/
MALSR /
PIR C/
/
TREES/
/
55/
2,400/
0B/
50:1 40:1/
N N/
/
/
/
/
- -/
/
/
/
- / -
-/-
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
- -/
/
/
/
- / -
-/-
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
110 REMARKS:>
A 014 ARPT ADMINISTRATOR.
A 081 MIRL RYS 03/21 & 09/27 PRESET LOW INTST DUSK-2200, TO INCR INTST AND ACTVT AFTER 2200 - CTAF. ACTVT PAPI RYS 09 & 27 - CTAF.
AIRPORT MASTER RECORDForm Approved OMB 2120-0015
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
PRINT DATE:
12/20/2007AFD EFF
03083.*A
HERNANDO COUNTY
BROOKSVILLE FL
HERNANDO FL
1 ASSOC CITY:
2 AIRPORT NAME:
3 CBD TO AIRPORT (NM):
4 STATE:
7 SECT AERO CHT:
FAA SITE NR:
5 COUNTY:
JACKSONVILLE
LOC ID:>
>
6 REGION/ADO: ASO/ORL
BKV
06 SW
01/21/2008
FAA Form 5010-1 (5-91) SUPERSEDES PREVIOUS EDITION
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FAA Terminal Area Forecast: National Forecast 2007 (1) Airport Operations
LOCID: BKV HERNANDO COUNTY
Year F Itn Air Carrier Itn Air Taxi Itn GA Itn Mil Local GA Local Mil Total Airport Ops
2002 0 300 22,000 500 26,200 0 49,000
2003 0 300 21,500 500 25,500 0 47,800
2004 0 450 32,770 740 38,269 740 72,969
2005 0 461 33,843 769 40,304 1,154 76,531
2006 0 468 34,264 779 40,804 1,168 77,483
2007 * 0 474 34,689 500 41,310 750 77,723
2008 * 0 480 35,119 500 41,822 750 78,671
2009 * 0 486 35,554 500 42,341 750 79,631
2010 * 0 492 35,995 500 42,866 750 80,603
2011 * 0 498 36,442 500 43,397 750 81,587
2012 * 0 504 36,894 500 43,935 750 82,583
2013 * 0 510 37,351 500 44,480 750 83,591
2014 * 0 516 37,814 500 45,032 750 84,612
2015 * 0 523 38,283 500 45,590 750 85,646
2016 * 0 529 38,758 500 46,156 750 86,693
2017 * 0 536 39,238 500 46,728 750 87,752
2018 * 0 543 39,725 500 47,307 750 88,825
2019 * 0 549 40,218 500 47,894 750 89,911
2020 * 0 556 40,716 500 48,488 750 91,010
2021 * 0 563 41,221 500 49,089 750 92,123
2022 * 0 570 41,732 500 49,698 750 93,250
2023 * 0 577 42,250 500 50,314 750 94,391
2024 * 0 584 42,774 500 50,938 750 95,546
2025 * 0 591 43,304 500 51,570 750 96,715
Report created 1/21/2008 14:59
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FAA Terminal Area Forecast: National Forecast 2007 (1) Based Ai rcraft
LOCID: BKV HERNANDO COUNTY
Year F Single Jet Multi Helicopter Other Total
2002 90 2 8 5 3 108
2003 90 2 8 5 3 108
2004 134 3 12 7 0 156
2005 90 2 8 5 3 108
2006 130 3 12 7 4 156
2007 * 130 3 12 7 4 156
2008 * 131 3 12 7 4 157
2009 * 131 4 12 8 4 159
2010 * 132 4 12 8 4 160
2011 * 132 4 12 8 5 161
2012 * 132 4 12 8 5 161
2013 * 133 4 12 9 5 163
2014 * 133 5 12 9 5 164
2015 * 134 5 12 9 5 165
2016 * 134 5 12 10 5 166
2017 * 134 5 12 10 5 166
2018 * 135 6 12 10 6 169
2019 * 135 6 12 10 6 169
2020 * 136 6 12 11 6 171
2021 * 136 7 12 11 6 172
2022 * 136 7 12 11 6 172
2023 * 137 7 12 12 6 174
2024 * 137 8 12 12 7 176
2025 * 138 8 12 13 7 178
Report created 1/21/2008 15:00
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What are the methods?
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APPENDIX
BASE CASE SCENARI
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APPENDIX
ALTERNATE CASE SCENARI
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TABLEC-1
MASTER
PLAN
FORECASTUPDATE
AirTrafficControlTowerBenefit/CostAn
alysis
HernandoCountyAirport
Forecast
Air
AirTaxi&
GA
Military
Total
GA
Military
Total
Total
Year
Carrier
Charter
Itinerant
Itinerant[1]
Itinerant
Local
Local[1]
Local
Operations
2006
-
478
34,937
1,625
37,040
40,496
4,875
45
,371
82,410
2007
-
485
35,679
1,625
37,789
41,353
4,875
46
,228
84,018
2008
-
493
36,422
1,625
38,539
42,211
4,875
47
,086
85,625
2009
-
500
37,164
1,625
39,289
43,068
4,875
47
,943
87,232
2010
-
507
37,647
1,625
39,780
43,629
4,875
48
,504
88,284
2011
-
515
38,130
1,625
40,270
44,190
4,875
49
,065
89,335
2012
-
522
38,614
1,625
40,761
44,751
4,875
49
,626
90,387
2013
-
530
39,097
1,625
41,251
45,312
4,875
50
,187
91,438
2014
-
537
39,580
1,625
41,742
45,873
4,875
50
,748
92,490
2015
-
544
40,095
1,625
42,265
46,471
4,875
51
,346
93,610
2016
-
552
40,610
1,625
42,787
47,068
4,875
51
,943
94,730
2017
-
559
41,126
1,625
43,310
47,666
4,875
52
,541
95,851
2018
-
567
41,641
1,625
43,832
48,263
4,875
53
,138
96,971
2019
-
574
42,156
1,625
44,355
48,861
4,875
53
,736
98,091
2020
-
582
42,705
1,625
44,912
49,498
4,875
54
,373
99,285
2021
-
589
43,254
1,625
45,469
50,135
4,875
55
,010
100,478
2022
-
597
43,804
1,625
46,025
50,771
4,875
55
,646
101,672
Notes:
[1]Assumes6,500annualmiltaryoperations(split25
%itinerant/75%local)
Source:
BKVAirportMaste
rPlanUpdate,2006
01/21/08
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APPENDIX
BREAK EVEN SCENARI
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