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A€?vHmvn@mu P QUBB@RtIBBRB
I T I S T I M E T O U P D A T E T H E C P P D R M A I L I N G L I S T !
I F Y O U W I S H T O C O N T I N U E R E C E I V I N G T H I S P U B L I C A T I O N ,
P L E A S E F I L L I N A N D R E T U R N T H E F Q R M O N T H E I N S I D E
B A C K C O W E R O F T H 1 S I S S U E .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t Concerns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CPPDR lanuary-May 1995 Page 3
- ENTOMOLOGy HIGHLIGHTS - SlGNlFICANT FlNDS
MEXICAN FRUIT FLY, Anastrepha ludens, -(A)- A Mexican fruit fly was found in a McPhail trap by Lopez on May 19 in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County.
ARTICHOKE FLY, Terelliafuscicornis, -(Q)- Artichoke flies were found on Silybum marianum in Nipomo, San Luis Obispo County. Little made the finds on April 12.
AFRICANIZED HONEY BEE (AHB), Apis "Africanized", -(A)- An AHB bee was trapped in an AHB trap in Blythe, Riverside County, on March 20. This is the first trapped AHB bee this year. On March 27, an AHB bee swarm was detected in El Centro, Imperial County. On the next day, March 28, an Africanized honey bee was trapped in Calipatria, Imperial County. Also in the same county, Ray and Inay discovered an AHB bee swarm in Imperial on May 4.
NEW COUNTY RECORDS
AUSTRALIAN GUM TREE WEEVIL, Gonipterus scutellatus, -(Q)- An Australian gum tree weevil was detected on a eucalyptus tree on the UCSD campus, La Jolla, San Diego County. The find was made by Kellam and Shaw on April 18.
AVOCADO MITE, Oligonychus perseae, -(Q)- Avocado mite has been found for the first time in Santa Barbara County. Harriet Heath discovered the pest on Persea americana on March 21 in Carpinteria. This mite has also been found in Los Angeles County for the first time. Found on the same host species, the find was made by Thomas Herrera in South Gate on April 6.
CYTISUS PSYLLID, A ytainilla spantiophila, -(C)- Jim Xerogeanes discovered cytisus psyllid on Cytisus scoparius in Caspar, Mendocino County. This new county record occurred on March 31.
EUGENIA PSYLLID, Trioza eugeniae, -(C)- This psyllid pest was also found for the first time in Mendocino County on March 31. Jim Xerogeanes made this find in Fort Bragg on Eugenia SP.
A GRASS MEALYBUG, Miscanthicoccus miscanthi,-(Q)- This grass mealybug was found for the first time in Santa Barbara County. Suzanne Squires made the find in Santa Barbara on February 22.
KUNO SCALE, Eulecanium kunoense, -(B)- Kuno scale was found for the first time in Napa County. Joel King made the collection in Napa on February 9.
CPP
DR
lan
uarv
-Mav
199
5
"A",
"B",
and ''a
Rat
ed P
ests
on
Tro
pica
l F
ruit
s ln
terc
epte
d in
Qua
rant
ine
May
199
5
Pseu
doco
ccus
nea
r ci
tric
ulus
Ps
eudo
cocc
us e
lisae
A
ulac
aspi
s sp
. D
repa
noco
ccus
chi
ton
Pse
udao
nidi
a tr
ilobi
tifon
nis
Pse
udau
laca
spis
sp.
P
ulvi
nari
a ps
idii
Gas
trop
oda
Tech
nom
ynne
x alb
ipes
C
erop
laste
s rub
ens
Pul
vina
ria
psid
ii A
spid
iotu
s de
stru
ctor
P
hnoc
occu
s m
inor
P
seud
aoni
dia
trilo
bitif
onni
s co
ccus
sp.
Fo
rmic
idae
P
hnoc
occu
s m
inor
Ps
eudo
cocc
us n
ear
citr
icul
us
Aon
idie
lla s
p.
Phn
ococ
cus
min
or
a m
ealy
bug
elis
a m
ealy
bug
an a
rmor
ed s
cale
a
sofi
sca
le
trilo
be s
cale
an
arm
ored
sca
le
gree
n sh
ield
sca
le
snai
ls a
nd s
lugs
an
ant
re
d w
ax s
cale
gr
een
shie
ld s
cale
co
conu
t sca
le
Paci
fic
mea
lybu
g tr
ilobe
sca
le
a so
fi s
cale
an
ant
Pa
cifi
c m
ealy
bug
a m
ealy
bug
an a
rmor
ed s
cale
Pa
cifi
c m
ealy
bug
Tai
wan
? T
aiw
an?
Tai
wan
? T
aiw
an?
Tai
wan
?
Tai
wan
? T
hail
and
Tha
ilan
d T
hail
and
Asi
a?
SJQ
SJ
Q
SJQ
SJ
Q
SJQ
SJ
Q
SJQ
SJ
Q
SJQ
AL
A S
F0
S
F0
S
F0
S
F0
S
F0
S
CL
S
CL
S
CL
S
F0
AL
A
Gar
cini
a m
ango
stan
a ra
mbu
tan
Litc
hi c
hine
nsis
Li
tchi
chi
nens
is
Litc
hi c
hine
nsis
Li
tchi
chi
nens
is
Litc
hi c
hine
nsis
ra
mbu
tan
Gar
cini
a m
ango
stan
a Li
tchi
chi
nens
is
Litc
hi c
hine
nsis
G
arci
nia
man
gost
ana
ram
buta
h G
arci
nia
man
gost
ana
Litc
hi c
hine
nsis
Li
tchi
chi
nens
is
lych
eelr
ambu
tan
lych
eelr
ambu
tan
Gar
cini
a m
ungo
stan
a G
arci
nia
man
gost
ma
Ala
n A
lan
Ala
n A
lan
Ala
n A
lan
Ala
n A
lan
Wat
kins
E
aton
Pa
stal
ka
Past
alka
Pa
stal
ka
Pas
taka
C
unni
ngha
m
Mag
gi
Mag
gi/F
arle
y M
aggi
/Far
ley
Pas
taka
E
aton
CPP
DR
--
Janu
ary-
May
199
5 -
..
Page
10
"A",
"B",
and
"a' Ra
ted
Art
hrop
ods
and
Mol
lusk
s ln
terc
epte
d in
Qua
rant
ine
Nov
embe
r 19
94 -
May
199
5
Zabr
otes
subf
asci
atus
Ps
eudo
cocc
us c
itric
ufus
G
eoco
ccus
cof
feae
A
nopf
okpi
s fo
ngip
es
Bam
busa
spis
mifi
aris
O
figon
ychu
s sp.
C
reno
dors
um sp
. A
hrot
ufus
sp.
Hem
iber
fesi
a sp.
C
hrys
odei
xis e
rioso
ma
Auto
grap
hs s
p.
Theb
a pis
ana
Cy~
sf.m
ica
riu
s efeg
antu
Bf
issu
s sp.
D
asin
eura
bal
sam
icol
a D
asin
eura
bal
sam
icol
a C
hion
aspi
s het
erop
hyfla
e M
onom
oriu
m Jl
oric
ola
Coc
cus c
appa
ridi
s P
inna
spis
uni
fo ba
C
hori
zoco
ccus
sp.
Cop
toso
ma
sp.
Rhiz
oecu
s hi
bisc
i C
occu
s acu
tissi
mus
Rh
izoe
cus J
lo ri
da n u
s P
hikp
hedr
a tu
berc
u fos
a A
ndap
is fe
ucop
hkae
G
eoco
ccus
cof
feae
Ar
aeoc
oryn
us c
umin
gi
Cam
pono
tus a
bdom
. Jlo
ridz
nus
Kuw
anas
pis
hiko
sani
Mex
ican
bea
n w
eevi
l a
mea
lybu
g a
soil
mea
lybu
g lo
ngle
gged
ant
a
bam
boo
pit
scal
e a
spid
er m
ite
a w
hite
fly
anth
uriu
m w
hite
fly
an a
rmor
ed s
cale
gr
een
gard
en lo
oper
a
plus
ine
loop
er
whi
te g
arde
n sn
ail
swee
tpot
ato
wee
vil
a ch
inch
bug
ba
lsam
fir
gall
mid
ge
bals
am f
ir ga
ll m
idge
pi
ne s
cale
an
ant
ca
ppar
is s
oft s
cale
un
ilob
ed s
cale
a
mea
lybu
g a
copt
osom
id b
ug
a ro
ot m
ealy
bug
slen
der s
oft s
cale
a
mea
lybu
g a
soft
sca
le
a di
aspi
did
scal
e a
soil
mea
lybu
g m
auna
loa
bean
bee
tle
Flo
rida
car
pent
er a
nt
a ba
mbo
o di
aspi
did
scal
e
Mex
ico
OR
A
Haw
aii
LAX
H
awai
i LA
X
Haw
aii
LAX
H
awai
i LA
X
Flo
rida
? C
CA
H
awai
i O
RA
T
exas
O
RA
?
MA
D
Haw
aii
LAX
2
LAX
~
taly
SJ
Q
Lou
isia
na
SC
R
Mai
ne
LAX
M
aine
M
EN
M
aine
M
EN
M
ichi
gan
OR
A
Haw
aii
OR
A
Haw
aii
SAC
H
awai
i S
MT
?
MA
D
Haw
aii
SF
0
Flor
ida
LAX
H
awai
i A
LA
Flo
rida
O
RA
C
osta
Ric
a S
JQ
Flo
rida
SB
A
Flo
rida
LA
X
Haw
aii
SF
0
Flor
ida
KR
N
Flor
ida
OR
A
dry
bean
s P
horm
ium
sp.
C
ham
aedo
rea
sp.
trop
ical
pla
nts
trop
ical
pla
nts
Man
gife
ra s
p.
Mon
ster
a sp
.
palm
Ti
lland
ria
sp.
fres
h pr
oduc
e he
rbs
Gen
ista
sp.
Ipom
oea
sp.
fres
h pr
oduc
e A
bies
sp.
A
bies
sp.
P
inus
sp.
cu
t fl
ower
s a
rea
pal
m
Zing
iber
sp.
Ti
flan
dtia
sp.
auto
mob
ile
Rave
nea
sp.
Cyc
as sp
. P
hoen
ix s
p.
crot
on b
anan
a Fi
cus
sp.
Pho
enix
sp.
C
anav
afia
sp.
bee
hive
s P
hyffo
stac
hys s
p.
Nes
tor
Papi
lli
Sium
Pa
pilli
Pa
pilli
G
uise
Fe
rnan
dez
Fern
ande
z R
ohn
Bak
ri B
akri
Alla
n M
orto
n B
akri
Haj
ik
Haj
ik
Do
Fe
rnan
dez
Bia
nchi
G
arci
a R
o hn
Olm
sted
B
an ta
H
ono
Kal
a Fe
rnan
dez
Ree
d Sq
uire
s Pa
pilli
O
lmst
ed
Sit
hole
Fe
rnan
dez
CPP
DR
lan
uarv
-Mav
199
5
Trio
nym
us sa
sae
Hem
iber
lesi
a dz
fini
s C
occo
tlype
s sp.
Sy
bra
alte
rnan
s Sp
odop
tera
sun
ia
Coc
cus c
appa
ridi
s C
occu
s cap
pari
dis
Dre
issen
a po
lym
orph
a C
occu
s cap
pari
dis
Mon
ocha
mus
sp.
R
hizo
ecw
jori
dunu
s T
hyre
ocor
idae
P
akoc
allid
ium
ru$
penn
e D
ysm
icoc
cus m
acke
nzie
i M
onom
oriu
m fi
rico
la
Tetr
anyc
hina
sp.
Pale
ocal
lidiu
m r
u$pe
nne
Geo
cocc
w c
ofea
e C
opto
som
a xan
thog
ram
ma
Mis
cant
hico
ccus
mis
cant
hi
Barn
busa
spis
mili
aris
M
elor
men
is a
ntill
arum
Ph
ileph
edra
tube
rcul
osa
Ahr
ocer
us p
alm
ae
Phile
phed
ra tu
berc
ulos
a C
alyc
omyz
a sp
. R
hizo
ecw
am
eric
anus
Rh
izoe
nrs
amer
ican
us
Anas
trep
ha o
bliq
ua
Parl
ator
ia pe
rgan
dii
Car
ukzs
pis g
tffar
di
Parl
ator
ia pe
rgan
dii
a m
ealy
bug
diff
inis
scal
e a
bark
bee
tle
a lo
ngho
rned
bee
tle
whi
te-s
potte
d ar
myw
orm
ca
ppar
is so
ft s
cale
ca
ppar
is so
fi s
cale
ze
bra
mus
sel
capp
aris
sofi
sca
le
a pi
ne s
awye
r a
soil
mea
lybu
g a
negr
o bu
g a
long
horn
ed b
eetle
M
acK
enzi
e m
ealy
bug
an a
nt
a te
tran
ychi
d m
ite
a lo
ngho
rned
bee
tle
a so
il m
ealy
bug
blac
k st
ink
bug
a gr
ass m
ealy
bug
a ba
mbo
o pi
t sc
ale
Wes
t Ind
ian
flat
id
a so
fi s
cale
pa
lm w
hite
fly
a so
fi sc
ale
a le
afm
iner
a
soil
mea
lybu
g a
soil
mea
lybu
g W
est I
ndia
n fr
uit f
ly
chaf
f sca
le
an a
rmor
ed s
cale
ch
aff s
cale
Ore
gon
Flor
ida
Mex
ico
Haw
aii
Cos
ta R
ica
Haw
aii
Haw
aii
New
Yor
k H
awai
i C
hile
Fl
orid
a C
osta
Ric
a Ja
pan
Gua
tem
ala
Haw
aii
Gua
tem
ala
? H
awai
i H
awai
i ?
Haw
aii
Haw
aii
Flor
ida
Tex
as
Flor
ida
Mex
ico
Flor
ida
Flor
ida
New
Yor
k C
hina
H
awai
i Fl
orid
a
CC
A
OR
A
AL
A
LAX
SJ
Q
SJQ
Rr
v V
EN
SJ
Q
SF
0
OR
A
LAX
S
F0
S
MT
S
MT
S
MT
A
LA
LA
X
SF
0
SBA
SB
A
LAX
SC
L
OR
A
SCL
S
F0
LA
X
LAX
LA
X
SF
0
SF
0
SCL
Farg
esia
sp.
Fi
cus s
p.
Brah
ea s
p.
herb
s A
ralia
sp.
Sc
hejle
ra s
p.
Sch@
ra
sp.
boat
S
ch
era
sp.
Not
hofa
gus s
p.
SY
~P
SP-
co
ntai
ner
reef
er
dunn
age
Tilla
ndtia
sp.
gi
nger
hi
Sc
he
ra sp
. du
nnag
e C
aryo
ta sp
. au
tom
obile
M
isca
nthu
s sp.
ba
mbo
o au
tom
obile
Sp
athi
phyl
lum
sp.
pa
lm
Spat
hiph
yllu
m s
p.
Oci
mum
sp.
Rave
nea
sp.
Rave
nea
sp.
Man
gfer
a sp
. C
itrus
sp.
frui
tllea
ves
Rave
nea
sp.
Fons
eca
Wyn
n E
aton
B
akei
R
eed
Ree
d T
racy
D
imoc
k R
eed
Wio
nIC
oen
Fer
nand
a K
awak
ami
Soha
l Pe
ndle
ton
Gar
ibal
di
Schm
itz
Wio
n Si
um
Olm
sted
D
avid
son
Squi
res
Rab
e R
ogoy
ski
Wyn
n R
ogoy
ski
Shoo
k B
anta
Pa
pilli
B
anta
W
ion
Soha
l R
ogoy
ski
CPP
DR
lan
uarv
-Mav
199
5 Pa
ge
12
Spod
opte
ra la
tifas
cia
Nez
ara
viri
dula
T
hrip
s haw
aiie
nsis
E
chin
othr
ips
amer
ican
us
Thr
ips h
awai
iens
is
Thr
ips h
awai
iens
is
Phi
leph
edra
tube
rcul
osa
Thr
ips J
orum
T
hrip
s haw
aiie
nsis
T
hrip
s pal
mi
Orc
hido
philu
s sp.
E
pica
erus
sp.
O
xyde
ma
sp.
Cam
pono
tus s
p.
Bra
chyc
ytta
rus g
rise
us
Thr
ips h
awai
iens
is
Phi
leph
edra
tu be
rnrl
osa
an a
rmyw
orm
so
uthe
rn g
reen
sti
nk b
ug
Haw
aiia
n fl
ower
thr
ips
a th
rips
H
awai
ian
flow
er t
hrip
s H
awai
ian
flow
er t
hrip
s a
sofi
sca
le
a fl
ower
thri
ps
Haw
aiia
n fl
ower
thri
ps
a th
rips
a
wee
vil
a w
eevi
l a
wee
vil
a ca
rpen
ter
ant
a ba
gwor
m
Haw
aiia
n fl
ower
thr
ips
a so
fi sc
ale
Flo
rida
H
awai
i H
awai
i F
lori
da
Haw
aii
Haw
aii
Flo
rida
H
awai
i H
awai
i H
awai
i H
awai
i T
exas
H
awai
i So
. Am
eric
a H
awai
i H
awai
i F
lori
da
SJQ
L
AX
O
RA
C
CA
C
CA
Y
UB
S
CL
O
RA
O
RA
O
RA
A
LA
LA
X
ALA
SJ
Q
SC
L
CC
A
SC
L
Cor
dylin
e sp.
O
cim
um
sp.
flow
er le
i G
arde
nia
sp.
Ban
ksia
sp.
tr
opic
al fl
ower
s Sp
athi
phyl
lum
sp.
pr
otea
sp.
pr
otea
sp.
pr
otea
sp.
A
nthu
rium
sp.
he
rbs
trop
ical
flow
ers
Dra
caen
a sp
. m
alon
goy
Gar
deni
a sp
. Sp
athi
phyl
lum
sp.
Mor
etto
S
ium
F
erna
ndez
Fo
nsec
a W
ion
Mar
tin
Rog
oysk
i F
erna
ndez
F
erna
ndez
F
erna
ndez
Pe
ek
Bak
ri
Peek
M
oret
to
Mag
gi
Fons
eca
Rog
o ysk
i
CPPDR January-May 1995 Page 13
BORDER STATKINS
ZEBRA MUSSEL, Dreissena polymorpha, -(Q)- Live zebra mussels were once again discovered on a boat bound for San Diego. This time the pest was found in the starboard intake of a 40 foot yacht being shipped from Michigan. The find was made by Cliff McDonald on March 6 at the Needles Station. This is the third interception of zebra mussel at the California border stations.
PAPAYA FRUIT FLY, Toxotypana curvicauda, -(X)- A heavy infestation of live papaya fruit fly larvae were found in a commercialshipment of Mexican papayas bound for San Jose. Andy Lacy discovered the pest at the Vidal Station on April 16.
The following list outlines some of the important discoveries of pests of tropical fruits at the border stations during the summer of 1994. See report on similar finds on page 9.
Pest - Station Longan Scale -- HO
Thysanoforinia nephelli HO DO HO HO HO HO HO
Mealybugs HO
Date 07/15 07/23 08/16 08/21 08/25 08/26 09/06 09/19 07/ 19
Oricin Canada Canada Canada Oregon Washington Canada Canada Canada Washington
Collector Calvery Johnson Chapman Johnson Smith Zavala Brown Johnson Johnson
Host longans longans long ans longans longans long ans longans longans rambutans
A total of 178 ant discoveries were made at California's border stations since last summer. The following list outlines the finds:
Common Name FLORIDA CARPENTER ANT CARPENTER ANT RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT FIRE ANT
BIGHEADED ANT BLACKHEADED ANT VARIOUS ANT PESTS
Scientific Name Camponotus abdominalisfloridanus Camponot us sp. Solenopsis invicfa Solenopsis sp. Myrmicinae Pheidole megacephala Tapinoma melanocephalum Monomorium floricola Pheidole sp. Tapinoma sp. Tetramorium sp. Formicidae Ponerinae
# Finds 7
28 30 23 11 1 10 1
I I 24 18 12 2
S tapelyear live/dead adults, 1995 live adults, 1994/95 live adults, I994/95 live adults, 1994/95 live adults, 1994/95 live adults, I994 live adults, 1994/95 live adults, 1995 live adults, I994/95 live adults, 1994/95 live adults, 1994/95 live adults, 1994 live adults, 1994
CPPDR January-May 1995 Page 14
*- OTHER SIGNIFICANT CONCERNS -*
CITRUS PEEL MINER, Marmara salictella (?), -(C)- A lot of interest has been generated over the appearance in Florida several years ago of the very serious citrus pest called citrus leaf miner, Phyllocnistus citrella (see CPPDR 12[fl-2]:15-17). That pest is certainly one to be reckoned with and would have a very serious impact on California citrus production. However, California has already had a leafminer problem on citrus for a number of years. The citrus peel miner has been a pest off and on since the mid 1950s in the Coachella Valley area of Riverside County. The following report by Dr. Eldon Reeves, Entomologist with the Riverside County Agricultural Commissioner's office, with minor modifications by the editor, outlines the problem:
ClTRUS PEEL MlNER PROBLEMS from a report by Eldon L. Reeves
Entomologist, Riverside County
A high population of this citrus pest has occurred in several citrus groves, primarily grapefruit, in the Oasis area of the Coachella Valley the past two seasons. This has been an ongoing citrus pest for several years. There was considerable loss due to this pest, in this same community, in 1984-85.
Dr. E. L. Atkins, Jr., of the University of California, Citrus Experiment Station in Riverside, pointed out in a paper entitled Citrus Peel Miner (in The California Citrograph, Sept. 1961) that this is an important economic pest of citrus and that its preferred host plant in this area is oleander. The larvae mine between upper and lower layers of epidermis on new oleander growth and occasionally mine the upper surface of oleander leaves and stems.
When high populations of this small moth build up in oleander, as we have observed in the Oasis area the past two seasons, the adult moths tend to be carried by wind currents to the citrus groves in the area. Grove inspections this past fall revealed extensive insect damage to the citrus fruit, with obvious crop losses to the growers.
There is a cultural practice that has been used to control this pest. It has been used quite successfully on several occasions within the Coachella Valley. It consists of removing all of the oleander plants within approximately 1 /2 to 3/4 of a mile of any given citrus grove, thus eliminating this source of the insect pest.
By this method there would be very little, or no, pesticides involved in controlling this insect pest on the oleander or on the citrus fruit, consequently, it would be an environmen- tally friendly approach. This could be a fine example of Integrated Pest Management, or Sustainable Agriculture, whereby a crop pest is brought under control, for an extended period of time, without the use of pesticides.
CPPDR January-May 1995 Page 15
Another plus for removing oleander, as well as caster bean and Jimsonweed from your community, would be for the safety of the children. All three of these plants are quite poisonous.
A summary of information contained in the report by E.L. Atkins in his California Citrograph article indicates that the miner burrows between epidermal layers of the leaves of the favored host, oleander. The oleanders are frequently planted in the area as wind breaks. Apparently, when populations build up on oleander, the insect moves into citrus that may be nearby, especially grapefruit. The larvae then mine the epidermal area of the fruit peel, particularly on fruit on the inside of the tree and near the ground. Occasionally they will also mine the young twigs. Multiple individuals may be present in the same fruit. The mines are small, almost hair- like streaks at the start, but as the insect grows, the mines become wider. The mines can be numerous, curved, often cross and recross each other, and usually end in a relatively wide blotch just under the rind surface. In some instances, the whole fruit surface may be blistered and resemble the peeling skin of a badly sunburned person. The damage is strictly cosmetic but the fruit is rendered unsaleable in the fresh fruit market.
The species was described in 1863 from specimens found mining the leaves of willow in the eastern United States. It was first recorded attacking citrus in 1917, in southern California. Periodic reports appeared in 1933, 1948 and in the late 1950s in various areas in southern California. It has also attacked citrus in Yuma, Arizona. The report by Dr. Reeves covers some of the more recent episodes of damage. According to CDFA Lepidopterist Tom Eichlin, there may be a species complex involved with this insect on the various hosts that it has been found to attack, and that the entity on oleander or citrus may or may not be salictella. Dr. Don Davis, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, has been trying to resolve this complex problem since early on. Specimens have been difficult to obtain.
Eggs are deposited singly on the epidermis of the current stem growth of oleander, and on the twigs of flush growth and peel of green fruit of citrus. Females produce about 20 eggs. The larvae burrow from the egg directly into the epidermis, where they mine, feed and develop through six instars. The last stage larva cuts a hole in the epidermis and travels to a secluded niche to pupate. The adult moths are small, brownish with an irregular silvery band on the basal third of the forewing. Adults are active right at dusk. A life cycle lasts approximately 40-45 days.
References Arizona Cooperative Survey 1960. A peel miner (Marmara salictella). In Cooperative Economic Insect Report (CEIR)
10(48):1100. Atkins, E. L. Jr. 1961. Citrus peel miner. In The California Citrograph, September 46(11):367-371. Atkins, E. L. Jr. 1971. Citrus peel miner, more problems in the desert. In The California Citrograph, June 56(8):245246,267. Clemens, J. B. 1863. North American microlepidoptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. 26-8. DeGryse, J. J. 1916. The hypermetamorphism of the lepidopterous sapfeeders. P m . Ent. Soc. Wash. 18(1):164-168. Lockwood, Stewart 1933. Orange peel miner. Calif. Agr. Monthly Bul. 22343. Vinal, S. C. 1917. Notes on the life-history of Marmara elotella Busck, a lepidopterous sap feeder in apple twigs. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 10(5 ) :W%. Woglum, R S. 1948. A willow pest that occasionally injures oranges. Calif- Fruit Growers Exchange, Pest Control Circular
No. 168, p. 658.
CPPDR January-May 1995 Page 16
Fig. 6. Citrus peel miner, Marmara salicfella (?). A: Beginning mine. B, C: Multiple mines affecting progressive@ more fruit surface. D: Severe and often complete blistering of epidermal layers of fruit.
CPPDR January-May 1995 Page 17
+ BOTANY HIGHLIGHTS +
HYDRILLA, Hydrilla verticillata, -(A)- The following report on a significant race of hydrilla was prepared by State Plant Taxonomist, Doug Barbe. For further information of hydrilla in California, see CPPDR 13(3-4):35-36,38.
An established monoecious race of Hydrilla has been identified from Clear Lake, Lake County, California, and from Pipe/Lucerne Lake, a small private lake south of Seattle, near Auburn, King County, Washington.
The significance of these populations lies in a study published by Kerry Steward, USDA- ARS, Ft Lauderdale, Florida, in the journal Aquatic Botany, 46(2):169-183 (1993).
Steward evaluated the potential for sexual reproduction in the various races in an international Hydrilla germplasm collection representing races of Hydrilla from Africa, Pakistan, India, Nepal, China, Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, Panama, and the United States.
Crosses between dioecious and monoecious races of Hydrilla verticillata resulted in seed production in 40 of the 56 crosses (71%). Seeds from 90% of these crosses were viable and most seedlings survived. The dioecious female race, established in the US since the 1950s, has never been reported to produce seed in the United States. This female race was discovered to be one of the greatest seed producers in the crosses. This race has been reported to be triploid, but seed from four of its five crosses were viable. Triploids are generally sterile, so these findings raise questions about the reported ploidy level of this race. Another observation, not previously reported for Hydrilla, was the occurrence of monoecious offspring from dioecious parents. The reported lack of seed production in the US female plants of the dioecious race apparently has been due to the absence of a viable pollen donor.
On the next three pages are the updated California weed distribution maps for the first part of 1995.
STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE DIVISION OF PLANT INDUSTRY - ANALYSIS & IDENTIFICATION/BOTANY 18
DITECTION MANUAL
5 D. T. 6:51a
Revised 1 /20/95
l ) ( I I I I / l l ~ / l / I ( l l I ~ ~ / I I ) ~ / / l / ~ / l l ~ ~ l l 1 ) ~ l l l ~ ~ l l 1 ~ ) / 1 1 ~ ~ l 1 1 ~ ~ 1 1 / ~ ~ 1 I I / / I / I ~ ) - I! 10 5 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 1 -
W W W W D E E E E E E E E E E E E E E - - -
Centaurea calcitrapa
purple starthistle Pest rating: B
STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE DIVISION OF PLANT INDUSTRY - ANALYSIS & IDENTIFlCATlONlBOTANY 19
DETECTION MANUAL D. T. 6:57a
Revised 2/9/95
Cynara cardunculus
artichoke thistle
Pest rating: B
. .
I l l l l l l I I I I I l
m- townships of past or present infestations
- - I1 1 1 1 I I I I J I I I I 1 1 1 ~ ~ 1 1 1 ~ ( 1 1 1 ~ ~ 1 1 1 ~ ) 1 1 1 ( ~ 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 I l l ~ ~ l l l ~ ~ l l l J / l l l ~ I I l ~ ~ I I I ~ ' -- W w w w D E E E E E E E E E E E E E E I 5 l d l 5 m ~ m s ! ! w s w ~ m L.
25N--- - -
25SI - - -
10 15 20 25 E E E E
I 20 15 10 5 M 5 10 15 20 25 30 S 40 45 50 55 80 65 70 W W W W D E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
r25S -
I l l l l l / l l l l l l l l l l l l l 1 1 1 l 1 l 1 I I 1 1 l l I 1 -
STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE DIVISION OF PLANT INDUSTRY - ANALYSIS & IDENTIFICATION/BOTANY 2 0
DETECTION MANUAL D. T. 6:3a
Revised 1 /20/95
Onopordum acanthium
Scotch thistle Pest rating: A
m- townships of present infestations
a- townships of past infestations
& 1 0 1 5 20 25 24 35 40 4 5 ' E E E E E E
I l l I l l I l l I 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 W W W W W W W B E E E E E E E
CPPDR January-May 1995 Page 21
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