Animal Reproduction Organization Homeostasis. Review of Meiosis Let’s review meiosis with our...

Animal Reproductio

nOrganizationHomeostasis

Review of Meiosis• Let’s review meiosis with our human

homologous chromosomes activity!

How is meiosis different than

mitosis?• What did we learn from our starter

activity?

Karyotyping

• Organizes autosomes and sex chromosomes.

• Can be used to look for chromosomal mutations and sex.

Nondisjunction• Chromosomes fail to segregate

properly during meiosis; leading to aneuploidy.

Sex chromosomes

• Presence of a Y chromosome causes formation of testis during development; this allows for male characteristics.

• XX – female

• XY – male

Meiosis in Sperm and Egg

Female Reproductive System

• Ovaries: Site of meiosis and egg production

• Fallopian Tubes: Site of fertilization

• Uterus: Site of embryonic develoment

Male Reproductive System

• Testis & epididymis: sperm production & storage

• Glands: add fluids to sperm so they can be motile

• Vas deferens: allows sperm to travel from testis to urethra

• Urethra: allows both sperm and urine to exit the body

Hormones Control Reproduction

• The brain initiates the production of gametes and sex hormones.

• LH & FSH interact with different targets:• Male Target:

• Testis

• Female Target:• Ovaries & Uterus

Targets in Males• FSH:

• Activates meiosis in testis

• LH:• Activates production

of testosterone

What impacts might taking testosterone steroids have on feedback?

Targets in Females

• Spike in LH & FSH• Cause ovulation

(release of egg from ovary)

• Cause drop in estrogen & rise in progesterone.

How would taking progesterone impact the female reproductive cycle?

Fertilization

• How does the structure of an ovum prevent double fertilization?

Development

• Identify each stage of development.

• When does differentiation occur?

Differentiation

• What are the fates of cells in the endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm?

Embryonic development

Gene Regulation

• Genes must be turned on and off rapidly during embryonic development.• What do transcription factors do to

regulate protein synthesis?• What does RNAi do to regulate protein

synthesis?