An Introduction To Sociolinguistics

An Introduction To Sociolinguistics

Gender And Age

Gender And AgeGender And Age

1. Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities

2. Gender-preferential speech features: Social dialect research

3. Gender and social class

4. Explanation of woman’s linguistic behavior

5. Age-graded features of speech

6. Age and social dialect data

7. Age grading and language change

GENDER AND AGE CHAPTER : 7

Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities

Tayana Tatyana's Husband

FL: “Tuyuka”FL: “Desano”

“Desano”

“Tuyuka”

“Tuyuka”

1

Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities

WOMAN MEN

2

≠(SPEAK)

Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities

3

A B C

D E F

Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities

[kja’tsa][k3a’tsa]

4

MORPHOLOGY

“BREAD”

Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities

BISEXUAL

1. Different Language2. Add by suffixes or affixes3. Pronunciation or word-shape (morphology).

Sample 1: Japanese ; Woman’s form Men’s formOtoosan Oyaji = Father

Sample 2: Yana ; Woman’s form Men’s formBa Ba - na = Deer

Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities

Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities

(Gender-exclusive speech differences: non-Western communities)

It mean some forms are used only by woman and other Are used only by men.

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Gender-preferential speech features:Social dialect research

Western Community

=

Gender-preferential speech features:Social dialect research

Western Community

Much : IngFewer : In

SWIMMINGTYPING

Frequencies

Much : InFewer : Ing

Gender-preferential speech features:Social dialect research

Western Community

SWIMMINGTypiING

=SWIMMINTypIN

SWIMMINGTypiING

SWIMMINGTypiING

SWIMMINGTypiING

SWIMMINTypIN

SWIMMINTypIN

SWIMMINTypIN

SWIMMINTypIN

SWIMMINGTypiING

1. Montreal, French = Men more often delete [I] than woman.

2. Sydney = Men more often pronounce the initial sound thing as [f] than woman.Woman tend to use more of

standard forms than men do

Gender-preferential speech features:Social dialect research

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Gender Social class

1. Men = Vernacular2. Woman = Linguistics Form

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Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior

• The social status explanation(Worked) = Standard form(Not Worked) = Vernacular

Woman’s rules as guardian of society’s values

Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior

Make Misbehavior(TOLERATED)

Make Misbehavior(QUICKLY CORRECTED)

“Syntax”

“Morphology”

Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior

Vernacular, Relaxed, Informal

Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior

Subordinate groups must be polite

Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior

Vernacular forms express machismo(Macho Connotation of masculinity & toughness)

Explanations of woman’s linguistic behavior

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Age-graded features of speech

Lower Pitch(masculine)

Higher Pitch

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Age and social dialect data

More Standard

Vernacularback

Age grading and language change

Often Seldomback