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1
Welcome to
Load Participation Orientation
Elev
Men Women
Ph
on
es
Info
Presentation and other Load Participation information will be posted at:www.ERCOT.comMarket Participants & StakeholdersLoad Participation
2
LaaRs & BULsLoads acting as Resource
Balancing Up Loads
Understanding
&
3
4
MarketOverview
5
Control AreaControl Area
Old World - Before Retail Deregulation
Utilities
Customers
Customer Service
Control Area
Regulated Function
6
New World - After Deregulation
Transmission
Customers & maybe Resources
Generators
Load ServingEntity
QSE
Distribution
TransmissionOperator
Regulated Function
TDSP
7
Bilateral Market - Coordination of Resources
Customers & maybe Resources
Generators
Load ServingEntity
QSE
Regulated Function
Contracts are confidentialPrices are not visible
Load
About 90%-95% of Texas Energy Transfer Arranged this way.
8
What about the other 5% - 10%?
Supported through Ancillary Services
9
Pre-arranged operating reserves — the ability to call for additional energy to be made available on the system, on varying levels of short notice.
Insurance in case a generating unit goes down, load is higher than anticipated, or other problem emerges.
Ancillary Services (“AS”)
10
1200 Adjustmen
0600 1800 0000Day Ahead Adjustment Operating
Period
2300 Adjustment Period
0000 Adjustment Period
0100 Adjustment Period
0300 Adjustment Period
0200 Adjustment Period
0400 Adjustment Period
0500 Adjustment Period
0600 Adjustment Period
0700 Adjustment Period
0800 Adjustment Perio
0900 Adjustment Per
1000 Adjustment P
1100 Adjustment
1300 Adjustm
Provide Forecasts
Receive Balanced Schedules
Receive Bids for Ancillary Services
Evaluate Submittals
Resolve
Clear
OP
OP
OPOP
OP
OPOP
March 24, 3002 March 25, 2003
11
Operating Hour
O p e r a t i n g P e r i o d
Hour Ahead
4 Settlement Intervals per Operating Hour
12
Time
Pow
er i n
Meg
awat
ts (
MW
)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
ERCOT Forecast LoadScheduled GenerationActual Load
Load vs GenerationThe need for Balance
131 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Load vs GenerationThe need for Balance
11 12
ERCOT Forecast LoadScheduled GenerationActual Load
Pow
er i n
Kil
owat
t s (
KW
)
Time
14
Time 11 12
Pow
er i n
Kil
owat
t s (
KW
)
8
RESULT:curtail load increase generationchange system frequency
Up Regulation Service
Up Balancing Service
Down Balancing Service
DownRegulationService
ERCOT Forecast LoadScheduled GenerationActual Load
Load vs GenerationThe need for Balance
15
Ancillary Services (“AS”)
Response time is critical in determining which AS a resource can qualify for.
30 minutes 10 minutesImmediate
Non-SpinReplacement
Balancing
Responsive
16
QSE
Most AS can be self-arranged.
QSE has an obligation for AS supply based on “Load Ratio Share”
17
If not self-arranged, AS will be purchased by ERCOT
Ancillary Services (“AS”)
In the AS markets, a QSE can bid in any resources (generation or loads) that aren't already committed.
This creates an Ancillary Services Market.
18
Is there money to be made by users of Electricity?
User of electricity = load
$$ Money may be paid $$for a Load reduction on the system –
pending contract & qualification conditions
19
What is a Resource?
A resource is a $upplier of electricityIn the past this was considered an Electric Generating Unit such as:• Coal Fired Power Plant• Gas (Combustion) Turbine Generator• Nuclear Power Plant• Hydro Power, etc….
20
What is a Resource?
Electric Generating units create electricity, apply that energy to the Electric Grid, on demand, and are paid $
21
What is a Load acting as a Resource?
A resource is a $upplier of electricity - Generator or Load
Loads (users of electricity) may reduce or stop their draw of power (curtail), and thus apply unused energy, to the Electric Grid, on demand, for a price $
In this a Load acts as a Resource (LaaR)
22
Terminology
Capacity
Energy
Telemetry
Protocols
Resource Plan
Operating Guides
The ability to make energy available on demand
Electricity available for use
Real-time system information used for grid operations, not settlements
Rules that govern the Electric Market and System Operations
Specific guidelines grid operations
QSE submittal to ERCOT on available resources for planning and operations
23
Payment InformationPo
wer
i n M
egaw
atts
(M
W)
Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324
Load Profiling
ESIID
SettlementsQSEs
24
Loads acting as Resource (LaaRs)
Balancing Up Loads(BULs)
LaaRs & BULs
25
Loads acting as Resource (LaaRs)
LaaRs are scheduled in the resource plan similar to generators
LaaRs are telemetered to ERCOT and a component of the QSE’s frequency management program
LaaRs are bid in and are awarded in the day ahead capacity market (capacity payment)
26
Loads acting as Resource (LaaRs)
LaaRs are deployed during the operating day as needed (energy payment)
Presently 35% of ERCOT Responsive Reserve can be met with Loads qualified for RRS
~570MW of Loads qualified for RRS
~91 MW of Loads qualified for NSRS
27
Ancillary Services (“AS”)
Response time determines category of Ancillary Service provided
30 minutes 10 minutesImmediate
Non-SpinReplacementBalancing
Responsive
28
LaaR Qualification Categories
Responsive Reserve Service Loads– Loads on underfrequency relay (UFR):
can be interrupted instantaneously and can be manually interrupted within 10 minutes
Balancing Energy Service Loads – Loads that can be interrupted within 10
minutes
Non-Spin Reserve Service Loads – Loads that can be interrupted within 30
minutes
29
Loads Qualified for RRS
Responsive Reserve Service,
Non-Spinning Reserve Service,
Replacement Reserve Service, and
Balancing Energy Service
LaaR Services that may be Provided
30
Loads Qualified for BES
Up Balancing Energy Service,
Non-Spinning Reserve Service, and
Replacement Reserve Service
LaaR Services that may be Provided
31
Loads Qualified for NSRS
Non-Spinning Reserve Service
LaaR Services that may be Provided
32
LaaR - BUL
LaaRs may participate in the AS Capacity market, BULs do not
LaaRs are contracted for reliability - subject to OOMBULs, though taken from the Balancing bid stack, participate for economic reasons - not subject to OOM
33
LaaR - BUL
will be paid a capacity payment if struck in the capacity market, and
receive an energy payment if they are deployed and respond
LaaRs
BULs BULs will not be considered in the
capacity market, but if responsive to BES award will
receive a capacity & energy payment
34
Markets Loads May Play in if Qualified
Reg Up/Dn
ResponsiveNon-SpnReplacemntUp BalDown BalOOM
GenAGC
RRS BES NSRBULL a a R s
SERVICE Resp MKT
XXXXXXX
X
XX
X
X XX
Imediat Cap
X
X
X
X
10 min
30 min
10 min
10 min
ASAP
Cap
Cap
Cap
Ener
Ener
X
10 min
35
Balancing Up Loads (BULs)
BUL service will require new Qualification, Annual Capacity Testing and QSE Control, and Performance Measurements Separate Bid curves
than LaaRs & Gens
36
Timeline for BULs:Deployment May 31, 2003
Balancing Up Loads (BULs)
Block size limited to 50 MW or less
BULs are not telemetered to ERCOT
37
Load OptionsLoad Type Resource or Service
that can be Provided
Requirements
Load Acting as a Resource (LaaR)
Various ERCOT Ancillary Services (AS)
TelemetryIDR meter (minimum) EPS meter (optional)Qualification
Qualified Balancing Up Load (BUL)
Balancing-Up Load (associated with the Balancing Energy Market only)
IDR meter (minimum) EPS meter (optional)Qualification
Voluntary Load Response
Curtailment or reduction in response to Market Price or other factors
Metering and/or curtailment technology defined in REP contract
39
Qualified Scheduling Entity (QSE)
E R
C O
T
Transmission/Distribution Service Providers (TDSPs)
Co
nsu
mer/C
usto
mer
ResourcePower
Marketer(Optional)
Aggregator(Optional)
LoadServing
Entity (LSE)
Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT)
Non-Opt In Entities (NOIEs)
Regulated Organizations
Non-Regulated Organizations
Power Flow
Key Information Flow
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