< BackNext >PreviewMain The Rock Cycle Chapter 4 Key PointsNotes What is a rock? Composition...

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The Rock CycleChapter 4

Key Points Notes

What is a rock?

Composition

Texture

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A rock is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter.

The Rock Cycle

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Composition is the chemical makeup of a rock. Composition can describe either the minerals or

other materials in the rock.

The Rock Cycle

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Texture based on the sizes, shapes, and positions of the rock’s grains (___________).MINERALS

The Rock Cycle

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Metamorphic Rock Formation

Key Points Notes

How are metamorphic rocks

formed?

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As rocks undergo metamorphism, original minerals in a rock change into new minerals that are more stable within the new pressure and temperature conditions.

Metamorphic Rock Formation

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Metamorphic Rock Formation

Key Points Notes

Where do metamorphic rocks

form?

Inside Earth’s crust

(some closer to the surface, some much deeper)

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Create one diagram to explain contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism

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Index minerals are used to estimate the temperature, depth, and pressure at which a rock

undergoes metamorphism in Earth’s crust.

Metamorphic Rock Formation

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Metamorphic Rock Formation

Key Points Notes

Special identifying characteristics of

metamorphic rocks

• Lines of stretched minerals• Specific index minerals

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Metamorphic Rock Formation

Key Points Notes

2 types of metamorphic rocks

• FOLIATED: Due to pressure, grains (minerals) have been stretched into bands

•NONFOLIATED: Grains (minerals) are randomly placed throughout rock

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Identifying Characteristics(how do you know it’s metamorphic?)

Foliated or Nonfoliated

Name of Metamorphic

Rock

Detailed Illustration

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Metamorphic Rock Identification

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DO NOW

1) Open your textbook to the igneous rock section

2) Get out your rock cycle notes3) Clear everything else off your

desk

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Igneous Rock Formation

Key Points Notes

How are igneous rocks formed?

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Igneous Rock Formation

Igneous rock forms when hot, liquid rock, or magma, cools and solidifies. There are three ways magma can form:

1. When rock is heated

2. When pressure is released

3. When rock changes composition

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Igneous Rock Formation

Key Points Notes

Where do igneous rocks form?

In a volcano or outside a volcano

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Igneous Rock Formation

Key Points Notes

What are the 2 types of igneous rock?

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Igneous Rock Formation

• When magma intrudes, or pushes, into surrounding rock below the Earth’s surface and cools, the rock that forms is called intrusive igneous rock.

• Intrusive igneous rock has a coarse-grained texture because it is well insulated by surrounding rocks and cools very slowly.

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Igneous Rock Formation

• Igneous rock that forms from magma that erupts, or extrudes, on the Earth’s surface is called extrusive igneous rock.

• Extrusive igneous rock, commonly found around volcanoes, cools quickly on the surface and contains very small crystals or no crystals.

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Igneous Rock Formation

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Igneous Rock Formation

•Sometimes, an igneous rock can be both fine and course-grained. These rocks are called porphyritic.

How do you suppose porphyritic rocks are

formed?

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Igneous Rock Formation

Key Points Notes

Special identifying characteristics of

igneous rocks

•Found near a volcano•Visible course-grained minerals that are not foliated (stretched)•Found in a lava flow•Very shiny (teeny-tiny fine-grained minerals)•Vesicles•Glassy•Some tend to be lighter

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Igneous Rock Formation

Key Points Notes

2 types of colors • Light-colored FELSIC rocks are rich in elements such as aluminum, potassium, silicon, and sodium.

• Dark-colored MAFIC rocks are rich in calcium, iron, and magnesium.

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Let’s Practice! Igneous Rock Formation

What type of igneous rock is pictured?(composition, location)

Mafic, Fine-grained, Extrusive

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Let’s Practice! Igneous Rock Formation

What type of igneous rock is pictured?(Composition, location)

Felsic, Course-grained, Intrusive

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Let’s Practice! Igneous Rock Formation

What type of igneous rock is pictured?(Composition, location)

Felsic, Fine-grained, Extrusive

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Igneous Rock Identification

Identifying Characteristics

(how do you know it’s igneous?)

Intrusive or Extrusive?

Name of Igneous Rock

Detailed Illustration

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