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The World of Physical Science

Preview

Chapter 1

CRCT Preparation


Chapter 1 CRCT Preparation

1. Acids turn blue litmus paper red, and bases turn red litmus paper blue. Look at the table. What is the identity of substance 3?

A drain cleaner

B vinegar

C hydrochloric acid

D baking soda



1. Acids turn blue litmus paper red, and bases turn red litmus paper blue. Look at the table. What is the identity of substance 3?

A drain cleaner

B vinegar

C hydrochloric acid

D baking soda



2. What would happen when water is tested using a piece of blue litmus paper?

A The litmus paper would not change color.

B The litmus paper would turn pink.

C The litmus paper would turn red.

D The litmus paper would turn light blue.



2. What would happen when water is tested using a piece of blue litmus paper?

A The litmus paper would not change color.

B The litmus paper would turn pink.

C The litmus paper would turn red.

D The litmus paper would turn light blue.


3. After swimming in the ocean, Jorge sits in the sun to dry off. He notices small white crystals on his skin. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the following explanations. Which is the most reasonable explanation for what has happened to Jorge?

A The water evaporated and attracted dust to Jorge’s skin.

B The white crystals are dead skin cells that are being shed.

C Jorge has developed a rare skin disorder.

D Salt that is dissolved in the water remained on Jorge’s skin after the water evaporated.




3. After swimming in the ocean, Jorge sits in the sun to dry off. He notices small white crystals on his skin. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the following explanations. Which is the most reasonable explanation for what has happened to Jorge?

A The water evaporated and attracted dust to Jorge’s skin.

B The white crystals are dead skin cells that are being shed.

C Jorge has developed a rare skin disorder.

D Salt that is dissolved in the water remained on Jorge’s skin after the water evaporated.


4. What type of model would you use to represent the big bang theory?

A physical

B conceptual

C mathematical

D analogical




4. What type of model would you use to represent the big bang theory?

A physical

B conceptual

C mathematical

D analogical


5. Which factor would have the least effect on the results of an experiment designed to determine which brand of bar soap most effectively kills bacteria?

A the color of the soap

B the volume of soap used

C the surface on which the soap is used

D the ingredients in the soap




5. Which factor would have the least effect on the results of an experiment designed to determine which brand of bar soap most effectively kills bacteria?

A the color of the soap

B the volume of soap used

C the surface on which the soap is used

D the ingredients in the soap



6. An environmental scientist suspects that acid precipitation is beginning to affect certain lakes in Georgia. What is the best way to test this hypothesis?

A to do library research on the harmful effects of acid precipitation in lakes

B to experiment with acid precipitation on water plants native to Georgia

C to count the number of water-plant species found in a Georgia lake

D to collect lakewater samples and test the pH of each sample



6. An environmental scientist suspects that acid precipitation is beginning to affect certain lakes in Georgia. What is the best way to test this hypothesis?

A to do library research on the harmful effects of acid precipitation in lakes

B to experiment with acid precipitation on water plants native to Georgia

C to count the number of water-plant species found in a Georgia lake

D to collect lakewater samples and test the pH of each sample


7. Which of the following statements about the records made during a scientific investigation is true?

A Records should be recorded clearly and accurately.

B Records should be predicted based on the hypothesis.

C Records should be modified to support the hypothesis.

D Records should be protected from being seen by other scientists.




7. Which of the following statements about the records made during a scientific investigation is true?

A Records should be recorded clearly and accurately.

B Records should be predicted based on the hypothesis.

C Records should be modified to support the hypothesis.

D Records should be protected from being seen by other scientists.


8. Katie wants to learn how various amounts of sunlight affect plants. Which of the following variables is the only one that she should change?

A the type of plant

B the amount of light

C the volume of water

D the quantity of nutrients




8. Katie wants to learn how various amounts of sunlight affect plants. Which of the following variables is the only one that she should change?

A the type of plant

B the amount of light

C the volume of water

D the quantity of nutrients


9. While collecting data during an experiment on plant growth, Bill sees the situation shown. How many centimeters taller than the plant on the left is the plant on the right?

A 0.7 cm

B 2.2 cm

C 2.9 cm

D 5.1 cm




9. While collecting data during an experiment on plant growth, Bill sees the situation shown. How many centimeters taller than the plant on the left is the plant on the right?

A 0.7 cm

B 2.2 cm

C 2.9 cm

D 5.1 cm


10. Anthony is designing an experiment to test the effect of water temperature on the solubility of sugar. Describe one way that Anthony might do his experiment. Remember to include a list of variables that he should control.



10. Answer - Full credit answers should include the following points:

• The amount of sugar must be measured before it is dissolved. The sugar can be measured by either mass or volume.

• The temperature of the water used must vary and must be measured.

• Variables to control include volume of water, amount of stirring, and the type of sugar.



11. The southern end of the Appalachian Trail is located in Georgia’s Amicalola Falls State Park. Laishan works as a park ranger in that park. Describe three ways that Laishan can use science in her job.



11. Answer - Possible responses may include:

• monitoring water quality;

• studying the behavior of wildlife;

• preventing the spread of disease in plants;

• studying the effect of humans on the ecosystems of the park;

• or monitoring weather conditions in the park.


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