Urban Planning during Renaissance Period

PL 413Ar: FUNDAMENTALS OF URBAN DESIGN

& COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE

URBAN PLANNINGDURING

RENAISSANCEprepared by:

ARCEO, JoshuaCORTEZ, JaimaymaESTROPIA, Virginia

RECTO, SofiaVALDEZ, Mary Rose

BSAR-4COCTOBER 04, 2016

presented to:AR. JOSE FRANCISCO ANIAG

SUBJECT INSTRUCTOR

RENAISSANCEG E N E R A L O V E R V I E W

RENAISSANCEG E N E R A L O V E R V I E W

St. Peter’s Square

Rome played a vital role in development of monumental

street architecture.

RENAISSANCER E B U I L D I N G R O M E I S S U E S

CIRCULATIONDEFENSE

WATER SUPPLYSANITATION

POPES IN ROME

RENAISSANCEDAWN OF

MODERN ERA---

14TH TO 16TH CENTURY

---REBIRTH

---FLORENCE AS BIRTH PLACE

Fig. 1: Dome of Florence Cathedral, overlooking the city

Fig. 2: School of Athens (1511) by Raphael Sanzio

FLORENCEEARLY MODEL

OF NEW URBAN PLANNING

---FORTE

BELVEDERE (circa 1590-

1595)---

RADIAL STREETS EXTEND

OUTWARD

Fort Belvedere designed by Bernardo Buontalenti, ordered by Ferdinando I Medici

Aerial view of Fort Belvedere

FACTORS SHAPING CIT IES

Modernization of warfare and the rise of the nation-state

- - -

Colonial exploration, exploitation, and expanding networks of trade

- - -

Dangers of rapid urbanization- - -

Political and geographical divisions within Christianity

RENAISSANCEI N F L U E N C E S

INCREASED PROSPERITY

INCREASING WEALTH PROVIDED THE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR A GROWING NUMBER OF COMMISSIONS OF LARGE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ART PROJECTS, WHILE THE TRADE ROUTES UPON WHICH IT WAS BASED ASSISTED THE SPREAD OF IDEAS AND THUS CONTRIBUTED TO THE GROWTH OF THE MOVEMENT ACROSS THE CONTINENT.

SILK ROAD- THE SILK ROAD WAS AN ANCIENT TRADING ROUTE THAT EXTENDED BETWEEN CHINA AND THE MEDITERRANEAN. MANY ITEMS PAST THROUGH EVERYDAY LIKE FOODS LIKE SPICES, CLOTHING LIKE SILK, AND OTHER GOODS LIKE PAPER AND GUN POWDER. THIS MADE IT EASIER FOR COUNTRIES TO TRADE AND SEND LETTERS, IT ALSO MADE MANY COUNTRIES GREAT SUPERIORITY OVER OTHER COUNTRIES.

WEAKNESS OF THE CHURCH

ST PETER'S BASILICA, ROME, SHOWINGMADERNO'S FACADE AND THE ADAPTEDDOME, ORIGINALLY DESIGNED BYMICHELANGELO. RENAISSANCE STYLE.

THE WEAK POSITION OF THE CHURCH GAVE ADDED MOMENTUM TO THE RENAISSANCE. IT PROMPTED LATER POPES TO SPEND EXTRAVAGANTLY ON ARCHITECTURE, SCULPTURE AND PAINTING IN ROME AND IN THE VATICAN IN ORDER TO RECAPTURE THEIR LOST INFLUENCE.

THE RISE OF A MIDDLE CLASS IN EUROPE

WHAT ALLOWED THE SPREAD OF THESE CLASSICAL IDEAS WAS THE RISE OF THE MIDDLE CLASS.  THEY BEGIN TO FOCUS MORE ON SELF-IMPROVEMENT, THE WORLD, AND EDUCATION.  

IT REFORMED EDUCATION.THE HUMANISTIC REVIVAL REVOLUTIONIZED EDUCATION. THE SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES DID NOT ESCAPE THE INFLUENCES OF THIS HUMANISTIC REVIVAL. LIBRARIES WERE FOUNDED WHERE THE NEW TREASURES MIGHT BE SAFELY STORED AND MADE ACCESSIBLE TO SCHOLARS. IN THIS MOVEMENT SOME OF THE LARGEST LIBRARIES OF ITALY HAD THEIR BEGINNINGS.

THE VESTIBULE OF THE LAURENTIAN LIBRARY

DEVELOPMENT OF THE RENAISSANCE

WARFARE BETWEEN THE STATES WAS COMMON, INVASION FROM OUTSIDE ITALY CONFINED TO INTERMITTENT SORTIES OF HOLY ROMAN EMPERORS. RENAISSANCE POLITICS DEVELOPED FROM THIS BACKGROUND.

EKISTICSM A N

Continuing demand for monumental religious arts; architects designed secular

structures

EKISTICSS O C I A L

Italian Renaissance social hierarchy. Spanish Renaissance social hierarchy.

Rome-modelled hierarchical settlements, Catholic Church administrative control,

and secular merchant towns

EKISTICSN E T W O R K

Utilitarian gardening passed by Roman Empire to Renaissance era.

1583 European Empires global map.

Water utilities passed down from Roman Empire & expanded network by

maritime trade.

EKISTICSN E T W O R K

“Primary straight street" was the basis of Renaissance urbanism, and that new, direct routes to facilitate

carriage travel were laid.---

Influence: traffic

EKISTICSN E T W O R K :

C L A S S I F I C A T I O N O F U R B A N S P A C E S

• TRAFFIC SPACE • RESIDENTIAL SPACE • PEDESTRIAN SPACE

EKISTICSN AT U R E

Fig. 3: Crowded Milan, Italy during renaissance.

Elaborate system of landscape

design which tie the city together (France, 1630).

• ARCHITECTURE PARKS AND GARDENS

- Tie the city together- Connecting the palace and the town• VILLAS AND GARDEN- Rural counterpart• PALACE AND PLAZA ITALY- Gardens are never too large- Built as terraces because of hilly land

DURING RENAISSANCE

RENAISSANCE PRIVATE GARDENS

• full of scenes from ancient mythology

• The first public gardens were built by the Spanish Crown in the 16th century

Renaissance Private Gardens

TERRACED GARDEN

• Best model of gardening in limited space• Show of authority, wealth, and power.• Larger, grander and more symmetrical• For delight of visitors

Terraced Garden

POWER AND MAGNIFICENCE

The political symbolism of the

- Renaissance garden

Power and Magnificence

GARDEN FEATURES

• Allée• Axis• Canal• Cul de sac• Fountains

• Grottos• Orangerie• Parterre de broderie• Topiary

Garden Features

ALLÉE• straight path or

road with a line of trees or large shrubs running along each side

• venir ("to come") / arrival at landscape

BOSQUET• A bosquet (french, from italian bosco, "grove,

wood") • formal plantation of trees, at least five of

identical species planted as a quincunx, or set in strict regularity as to rank and file, so that the trunks line up as one passes along either face.

Bosquet in the gardens of Schönbrunn palace in Vienna. It is shaped like a fan.

PARTERRE DE BRODERIE • formal garden constructed on a level

surface • Edged in stone planting beds, no flowers• symmetrical patterns, separated and

connected by gravel pathways.

The left hand side of the completely symmetrical parterre at Waddesdon Manor, England

TOPIARY• Practice of training live perennial

plants by clipping the foliage and twigs of trees, shrubs and sub shrubs to develop and maintain clearly defined shapes, whether geometric or fanciful.

THE PLANTS USED IN TOPIARY

• evergreen • mostly woody • small leaves• produce dense

foliage• compact and/or

columnar growth habits.

VILLA MEDICI, FIESOLE, FLORENCE

• oldest existing Italian Renaissance garden

• Circa 1455 and 1461• Giovanni de' Medici

(1421–1463)

THE PALAZZO PICCOLOMINI AT PIENZA,

TUSCANY (1459)• Pope Enea Silvio

Piccolomini (1458- 1464) / Pope Pius II.

EKISTICSS H E L L

Fig. 3: Crowded Milan, Italy during renaissance. Fig. 4: Great fire of London September 1666.

Rapid urbanization of European society created fire and plague vulnerable

dense city.

EKISTICSS H E L L :

D E V E L O P M E N T A N D O V E R C R O W D I N G

• NO SANITATION

• FIRE HAZARD BUILDING MATERIALS

• CONGESTED SETTLEMENTS SURROUNDING THE CITY

URBAN PLANNINGI TA LY

PIAZZA DEL POPOLO

SYMMETRY & BALANCED AXIAL PROPORTIONS---PLACEMENT OF MONUMENTAL BLDGS---REPEATING BASIC FEATURES OF BLDGS

Piazza Del Popolo

PIAZZA DEL POPOLO

Piazza Del Popolo Plan

PIAZZA DEL POPOLO

Piazza Del Popolo Street view

SABIONETTA TOWN

ITALY’S SURVIVING

GRID TOWN---

ATTEMPT TO RECREATE

VITRUVIAN CITY

---30

RECTANGULAR BLOCKS

Sabionetta Town

SABIONETTA TOWN

Sabionetta Town Plan

PALMANOVA TOWN

ITALY’S ONLY COMPLETED

RADIAL TOWN---

FORTRESS FROM VENICE RULERS,

PROTECTION FROM OTTOMAN EMPIRE

---VICENZO

SCAMOSSIPalmanova Town

PALMANOVA TOWN

Palmanova Town Plan

PIAZZA S. ANNUNZIATA

PIAZZA DEL REPUBLICA

---FLANKED BY

CHURCH’S PORTICOS &

HOSPITALS AT RIGHT ANGLE TO

IT ---

BRUNELLESCHIPiazza S. Annunziata

PIAZZA S. ANNUNZIATA

Piazza S. Annunziata Plan

PIAZZA S. ANNUNZIATA

FERRARA

BIAGIO ROSETTI---

ADDIZIONE ERCULEA

---BASED ON IDEA OF PERSPECTIVE

Fig. 13: De Re Aedificatoria

Ferrara City

FERRARA

Ferrara City Plan

BIAGIO ROSETTIEARLIEST URBAN

PLANNER

ROSETTI’S PLAN

STREET WIDENING

---ENLARGE THE

TOWN---

CARRY ON WITH THE PLAN

Biagio Rosetti

ADDIZIONE ERCULEA

OVERALL SCHEME THAT GAVE

PRECEDENCE TO THE HARMONIOUS LAYOUT OF URBAN

PERSPECTIVES, RATHER THAN

ACCENTUATING THE BEAUTY OF

INDIVIDUAL BUILDINGS.

Ferrara City

DE RE AEDIFICATORIA

LEON BATISTA ALBERTI

---RELATIONSHIPS OF BUILDINGS

TO ONE ANOTHER

---ON THE ART OF

BUILDING

Leon Batista Alberti, foremost theortitician of his time

De Re Aedificatoria

URBAN PLANNINGS PA I N

RENAISSANCES PA I N

First to layout true cities on their

colonies.---

Laws of the Indies

JUAN DE HERRERA

MAJOR URBAN WORKS AND

URBAN RENEWAL

Juan De Herrera

PLAZA MAYORPLAZA MAYOR

(1617-19 )---

HERRERA APPLIED THE PRINCIPLE OF THE LAWS OF THE

INDIES TO THE LAYOUT OF THE

ARCADE ---

BUILT BY JUAN GOMEZ DE

MORAPlaza Mayor

PLAZA MAYOR

THE IDEAL CITY

LEONARDO DA VINCI

---PLAGUE IN

MILAN---

DIFFERENT LEVELS FOR DIFFERENT

PEOPLE & USES

Model of Da Vinci’s Ideal City. Upper floor: for gentlemen, lower: carts and animals

URBAN PLANNINGF R A N C E

KING HENRI IVMAJOR TOWN

PLANNING---

FRANCE INTO MODERN

CAPITAL CITY---

FOCAL POINT OF NEWLY UNIFIED

STATE King Henry IV

PLACE DE VOSGES

ANDRE LENOTRE

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT OF VERSAILLES

Andre Lenotre

THANK YOU FOR

LISTENING!

REFERENCE

• http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-56_u-422_t-1105_c-4271/wa/sose-history/renaissance-and-reformation/renaissance-in-europe/introduction-what-was-the-renaissance-

• http://gardenartistics.com/water-gardens-history/

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belvedere_(fort)

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_urban_planning#Enlightenment_Europe

IMAGE REFERENCE• FIGURE 1: http://www.paliotours.com/img/firenze-duomo.jpg• FIGURE 2:

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZXhJ5pt1roE/VIny5rY87pI/AAAAAAAAJrA/7cdRk9Mpjug/s1600/Raphael_School_of_Athens.jpg

• FIGURE 3: http://www.unc.edu/courses/2009spring/hist/151/007/Outlines/16.Renaissance1_files/image002.png

• FIGURE 4: http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/greatfireoflondon-waterfront.jpg• FIGURE 5: http://www.hierarchystructure.com/renaissance-social-hierarchy/• FIGURE 6:

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/DrgTj8mPmnM/UAeDApfmK3I/AAAAAAAAAsg/5xxl-Mx4OB8/s1600/pyramid1.gif

• FIGURE 7: http://gardenartistics.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Tivoli-water-garden.jpg• FIGURE 8:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Renaissance#/media/File:1583_sebastiao_lopes_(mapa_mundi)_00.jpg

• FIGURE 9:• FIGURE 10:• FIGURE 11:• FIGURE 12:

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