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Communication
Course: MBASubject: Introduction to Management
Unit: IV1
Communication
• Process of exchanging messages or information between two or more persons.
Definition
• Exchanging information among individuals working in an org
• “an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons.”
• communication is the process of sending information to a receiver so that the receiver understands it and responds to it.
Importance of communication
• Information function• Command and instructive function• Influence and persuasive function• Integrative function
Communication Process
2
Flow of Communication
3
Flow of Communication• Downward Communication: - from top to bottom. ex. Instruction, circulars,
bulletins, notices• Upward communication:- From lower to top. ex. Suggestions, grievances,
complaints, reports• Horizontal: - Interchange of ideas among the officers of the
same rank. ex. Consultation between managers, meetings, discussion about problem
Types of Communication
• Verbal• Non- verbal
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Types of Commu.
Types
Verbal
Oral Written
Non-verbal
Types of Communication
1. Verbal communication:- message is transmitted verbally;
communication is done by word of mouth and a piece of writing
a. Oral b. Written
a. Oral communication: - Spoken words are used. It includes face-to-
face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet.
- In oral communication, communication is influence by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking.
Written communication
• written signs or symbols are used to communicate.
• A written message may be printed or hand written.
• In written communication message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo etc.
Written communication tools
• Letters• Circulars• Memos• Fax• Reports• Minutes• Forms and questionnaires• Manuals
Non- verbal communication• About 93% of the information we give and
receive is actually nonverbal.
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Non- verbal communication
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Listening
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Gestures, vocal qualities, spatial relationshipsTo express superiority, dependence, dislike,
respect, love and a host of other feelings and attitudes
• Paralanguage: voice quality (ex.ok)• Proxemics: study of how physical space is used• Kinesics: body language and facial expression
Non- verbal communication
Barriers to communication
8
Common barriers
• Noise• Lack of planning• Wrong assumptions• Semantic
(word/jargon) problem
• Cultural barriers• Socio- psycho
• Emotions• Selective perceptions• Information overload• Loss by transmission• Poor listening• Poor retention• Time and distance
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Barriers by sender:
• Lack of planning• Vagueness about purpose of commu.• Obj. to be achieved• Choice of wrong language• Wrong choice of the channel
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Barriers by receiver:
• Poor listening• Inattention• Mistrust• Lack of interest• Premature evaluation• Attitudinal clash with the sender• Not in a fit physical condition
1. http://www.rspress.com.br/userfiles/noticias/arquivo_20140217141029.jpg2. https://lh3.ggpht.com/KV6jfmnf3vHeejLjLLn1JkNIlr-7hSvIDAN5VKDOxbNf0QZ6QCFSBQtu99D-Qpi3LmRWOQ=s148 3. https://lh4.ggpht.com/Z3LlO318S-yEvlJz4OWPDAfwjZovV9xvr6BME5riel5rG5O_kbqI8os6pOJnqVGvjy4ZwQ=s1704. https://lh6.ggpht.com/srD58N7wIcu2O3dxD-6ItD-h336tolGxaf-GyIAkUJ8cC07cuhRi-iE57T7jLjoU6zJvPA=s855. http://stevenblack.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/gestures03_thumb.jpg?w=404&h=3886. http://www.altiplano.uvg.edu.gt/cdr/validaciones/INTRODUCCION%20DE%20PROYECTOS/proyectos
%20tecnicos.pdf7. https://lh5.ggpht.com/tsFQcmaY1YyCPJyjsmTKq3mYS4RgDtT1gklj6lRKpogn_uViq3hBuF79tRR1k63j3QHzgA=s1198. https://lh4.ggpht.com/nhPuJUw9w-
n_MCrK2QswcEoV2QMHtv3_L6bFssXDljF6KtYEz7WixuYsx6K9syXkDmA82kM=s859. https://lh6.ggpht.com/c-4NmLWl73d8SKaXpMxcR0wsuGRwytYlQ-MHLlzlGeB4CJ3rpsbRex7gygvrIL756KH6FNs=s12110. http://image.slidesharecdn.com/podcasting2012-120118104200-phpapp02/95/podcasting-and-audio-feedback-at-
ljmu-2012-8-728.jpg?cb=1326905059
• Principles and practice of Management by LM Prasad, Himalaya Publishing house
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