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PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPOSITIONTips and tools on how to see things creatively!
By Padmanabh Munje
BASIC TENETS OF ART
• Subject
• Medium
• Perspective
• Composition
Applies to all works of art… Music, Writing, Painting and Photography!
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER…
• Composition is the placement or arrangement of artistic elements or ingredients in a work of art
• Arrangement is always according to the principles of art form
• Distinct from the subject of the work of art, but includes the subject of the work of art
AGENDA
• Lines & shapes• The rule of thirds• Focal point• Fill the frame• Perspective change• Cut the clutter• Create depth• Repetition & rhythm• Active space
• Some Tips
“There are no rules for good photographs, there are only good photographs.”
Ansel Adams
LINES AND SHAPESthe building blocks of a photograph…
• Look for lines and shapes within a scene
• Lines & shapes are used to enhance and emphasize the subject
• Lines represent restfulness, dynamism, create a sense of depth, and movement
LINES AND SHAPES
• “Relaxing” lines, bring “peace”
• Used to emphasize the more impressive element within the scene
• Layers of horizontal lines provide rhythm
LINES AND SHAPESHorizontal Lines
• Strong, dynamic lines, emphasize height and power
• In vertical format strength is represented by the longest sides of the frame
• Vertical lines seem bursting out of the picture if you opt for landscape format
LINES AND SHAPESVertical Lines
• The most interesting and visually exciting lines
• Lead to the centre of interest by the most dynamic of route
• Viewers to takes notice of subjects cutting through our vision
LINES AND SHAPESDiagonal Lines
• Circles mirror emptiness and wholeness both
LINES AND SHAPESShapes - Circle
• Triangles eye-catching as they cut through vertical or horizontal lines
LINES AND SHAPESShapes - Triangles
• Four-sided shapes mirror the four sides of the frame
• Make for interesting viewing if used diagonally
LINES AND SHAPESShapes - Quadrangulars
• Curves represent beauty, seamlessness, grace
• Combining circles or curved lines with straight ones produces great tension
LINES AND SHAPESCurves
THE RULE OF THIRDSBalanced and powerful compositions…
• By placing the subject off-centre in your view– In a 3x3 grid – Where the lines cross
• The point of power
• The most common compositional tool– Developed by painters
centuries ago– Painters use “the
golden mean” or “the divine proportion”
THE RULE OF THIRDS
• The rule can be applied to any subject
• Not limited to… but best suited for landscapes and other wide-angle works
THE RULE OF THIRDS
Can be applied to any format - square, rectangular or panoramic
THE RULE OF THIRDS
FOCAL POINTDefine your image’s point of interest
• Define your point of interest
• Supress the elements which detract from the power of the main subject
FOCAL POINT
FILL THE FRAMEIf you can’t make something good, make it big…
• There’s no doubt about the centre of interest
• Good compositional techniques, such as placing a key feature on a point of power, still apply
• Get in close – then get in closer still…
FILL THE FRAME
• If you can’t get in close, expand the presence of your subject in the frame
FILL THE FRAME
CHANGE PERSPECTIVEChange the way you see the world…
• Classic way to shoot a citiscape is in landscape format• Portraits emphasize the height hence appear vibrant
CHANGE PERSPECTIVE
CUT THE CLUTTERLeave out the distractions…
•Very important to leave out elements that take the focus away from the subject
CUT THE CLUTTER
PLAY WITH SENSE OF DEPTHShallow or deep…
• Shallow depth of field creates
emphasis
• A central subject given real visual power by the use of leading lines
• Diagonal line cuts across and provides a sense of depth
CREATE DEAPTH
REPETITION & RHYTHMOrder in chaos…
REPETITION & RHYTHM
ACTIVE SPACEWhere’s the subject looking?
• Open spaces represent subject’s point of interest
ACTIVE SPACE
SOME TIPS…
• Keep it simple– Think in lines and
shapes• Think backgrounds• Think in odds
– Odd Numbers• “3” is a magic number
– Odd Shapes– Odd Angles
• Watch cropping• Avoid clichés• Shoot plenty of pictures• Visit www.flickr.com daily
• Break the established rules!
• And… always carry a camera ;-)
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