Artappprezi5

The Vocabulary of Art

The Visual Elements of Art and Design

Form

•the physical or visual aspects, the composition

•The elements and principles of art

•Formalism

•Form works with content to create meaning

The Problem We All Live With by Norman Rockwell, 1964

The Problem We All Live With by Norman Rockwell, 1964

• The horizontal lines of the work imply stability of subject• The shallow, cropped space makes the subject matter more intense and immediate• The value contrast of the clean white dress with the textured, dirty wall helps convey her innocence and purity• The strength of the girl is conveyed by her stable, triangular shape• The little girl is the focal point of the work created by the high contrast and the framing created by the cropped, figures on the sides• the asymmetry of the composition pulls the little girl and our eye forward conveying the concept that the country is moving forward• the artist has made the viewer complicit with the racist protestors by making us share their point-of-view (carries further the title of the painting)

The elements of design

•Line

•Shape (mass)

•Value (light)

•Color

•Texture

•Space

Line

•points or dots following a path

•types= straight, curved, zigzag

•actual vs implied lines

•directional forces

•expressive qualities

Actual Lines

Actual Lines

Actual Lines

Actual Lines

Implied Lines

Implied Lines

Implied Lines

Implied Lines

Implied Lines

Line Direction

•Vertical lines = strength, force

•Horizontal lines = stability, calm

•Diagonal lines = movement, energy

•Curved lines = flowing energy, softness, sensuality, organic

Diagonal forces

Vertical forces

Horizontal forces

Curvilinear forces

expressive qualities of line

mechanical gestural

expressive qualities of line

mechanical gestural

expressive qualities of line

arabesque controlledcalligraphic

How lines are used in art

Contour lines

How lines are used in art

Cross-Contour lines

How lines are used in art

Continuous lines

How lines are used in art

Hatching & Cross-Hatching lines

How lines are used in art

Texture

Shape & Mass• shape= 2d area with definable boundary, has

height and width

• mass= 3d area with definable boundary, has height, width, and depth

• actual vs implied

• geometric, curvilinear, rectilinear, biomorphic

• figure/ ground relationship

• planar construction

Actual shape/mass

Actual shape/mass

Implied shape/mass

Implied shape/mass

Geometric shapes/masses

namable shapes, circles, spheres, rectangles, triangles, etc

Rectilinear shapes/masses

unnamable shapes with straight edges and sharp corners

Curvilinear shapes/masses

biomorphic shapes/masses

curvilinear shapes that imply organic forms

how shape and mass are used in

artfigure/ground relationship (in 2d art only)

Obvious figure/ground relationshipeasy to tell what is the figure (or positive

shape) and what is the ground (or negative space)

Ambiguous figure/ground relationshipdifficult to tell what is the figure (or positive

shape) and what is the ground (or negative space) also known as “figure/ground reversal”

How shape and mass are used in

artconstructing with planes

Value as element•value = the varied lights and darks

reflecting off a surface

•also known as “tones”, or “tonal variation”

•value gradation

•chiaroscuro = italian for Light/dark

•mostly relates to realism but not necessarily

value

Value

value gradation

value gradation

chiaroscuro• The traditional term for the effects of light and dark in art• Chiaro= light, scuro = dark• Developed during Renaissance• Usually involves soft, subtle value changes• described the particular parts of light and shadow (highlight, core shadow, reflected light, cast shadow)

highlight

core shadow

reflected light

cast shadow

chiaroscuro

highlight

core shadow

reflected light

cast shadow

Light

•the quality and direction of light as it is shown on a sculpture or in a room

•an actual light fixture or effect as part of an art , often neon

LightConstantin Brancusi

Light

Sydney Cash

LightTara Donovan

Light

Nancy Holt’s “sun tunnels”

Light

Robert Morris

Yayoi Kusama

interactive

Light

Glen Ligon

James Turrell

James Clar

Color• effect of light rays and interaction with

eyes/brain

• additive vs subtractive color

• aspects of color = hue, value, intensity or saturation

• color wheel

• color schemes

color as effect of light

additive vs subtractive color

mixing

additive= mixing light subtractive= mixing pigments(adding light so light gets lighter)

(subtracting light so light gets darker)

Aspects of subtractive color

• Hue= name of color (red, green, violet, etc)

• Value= darkness and lightness of color (light red, dark blue, etc)

• Saturation or intensity= the brightness and dullness of the color (bright pink, dull orange)

• when painters mix paint they control the hue, value, and saturation

Color WheelMunsell system

Color Schemes• common combinations of colors that help

unify an image

• monochromatic= one hue with different values

• complementary= two hues (and their values) directly across from each other on color wheel

• analogous= 3 or 4 hues adjacent to each other on color wheel

monochromatic

complementary

analogous

Texture

•surface quality of a form

•illusionistic or actual

Illusionistic textureformed by regular or irregular patterning of elements

Illusionistic textureformed by regular or irregular patterning of elements

Illusionistic textureformed by regular or irregular patterning of elements

Illusionistic textureformed by regular or irregular patterning of elements

David Musgrave

Illusionistic textureformed by regular or irregular patterning of elements

Wangechi Mutu

Illusionistic texture

formed by regular or irregular patterning of elementsAlyssa Monks

Actual texturetexture you could feel with touch

Actual texturetexture you could feel with touch

Anish KapoorNabil Nahas

Space• actual space in sculpture, installation, and

architecture

• illusionistic space in 2d art (foreground, middle ground, background)

• simple use of overlapping and relative size

• linear perspective, one-point, two-point or more

• atmospheric perspective

• foreshortening

Actual Space

Henrique OliveiraAi Weiwei

Installation Art

Actual Space

Frank Lloyd WrightZaha Hadid

Architecture

Illusionistic spacePicture Plane= the imaginary plane that

covers the surface of the picture or canvas

Illusionistic spaceearly depiction of space used overlap, differences in

sizes, and the idea that objects lower on picture plane seem closer to viewer

One-Point Perspectivewhen the face or front plane is parallel with picture

plane, creates one vanishing point on the horizon line (where sky and earth meet, eye level)

Linear Perspectiveone point perspective

Linear Perspectiveone point perspective

Two-Point Perspectivewhen no face or front plane is parallel with picture

plane, creates two or more vanishing points on horizon line

Illusionistic spaceisometric projection

showing depth and space without lines appearing to meet at vanishing point, often seen in video games and M.C. Escher

Linear PerspectiveTwo point or multiple point perspective

Linear PerspectiveTwo point or multiple point perspective

Linear PerspectiveTwo point or multiple point perspective

Atmospheric Perspective

illusion of depth created by value, color, or texture gradients, a

darker or warmer or more textured color comes forward while cooler, lighter, and smoother goes back

Atmospheric Perspective

Atmospheric Perspective

Foreshorteningsmaller forms in perspective, apparent diminishing in length