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OWTF 2012-2014.
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Sovietisation of Estonia
OWTF III presentation of Estonian team
After World War II Estonia were occupated by soviet troops
Estonia became part of totalitarian state – its ment a lot of changes in all country
Aftermath WW II
Communist party as only political party Official name were the Estonian Soviet
Socialist Republic Instead free elections just one candidate
and always 99,8% affirmative votes
Changes in governmental system
Industrialisation and creating large enterprises
Collectivization farms Controlled by communist
party economy – command economy
Labour came from Russia – during soviet time 35% of population were immigrants from Soviet Russia
Economy
Fight against “bourgeois nationalism” Massdeportations (biggest were 25/26 of
March 1949 – 20722 people were deported) Direct physical repressions were
accompanied by spiritual violence, expressed in the total submission of the social spiritual life to the ruling ideological dogmas and levelling the pre-war sphere of culture (education, science, art, etc.)
Politics of violence of the regime
The aim of the official cultural policies of Soviet Estonia was to introduce the kind of culture where the “socialist content” was fitted into a “national form”
Control over cultural life
Ideological pressure Class principle KGB kept the church and other aspects of
spiritual life under control selective destruction of cultural heritage
created by the preceding generations Russification, but still Estonian-language
education and culture persisted
Most important
Propaganda posters from 1950
Everyday life in the post-war years In the post-war years, inflation was high,
food and goods were scarce and most of the population was in a permanent struggle for survival.
The war had destroyed approximately 25 to 30 percent of urban housing, rebuilding was slow and the urban population, after a low level in 1945, began to rise.
Black markets thrived and stealing from the state became widespread.
Leader of Soviet Estonia Nikolai Karotamm giving speech
Consequences of Soviet regime Losses of population and russification in
cultural life Repression of political elite Territorial losses (Pihkva and part of eastern
Estonia) Nationalisation of enterprises, banks,
houses Destroied national heritage (ideologization
everyday life) Environmental problems in north-east of
Estonia
Cars were selled in soviet Estonia by special licenses