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a. define Conjunction;b. distinguish the different types
of Conjunction;c. differentiate the types of
Conjunctions andd. answer the given exercises.
What is a Conjunction?
Conjunctions
Week 14 – English Plus
A conjunction is a joiner; a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence.
Conjunctions are words used to link words, phrases, and clauses.
What is a Conjunction?
1. Coordinating Conjunctions2. Correlative Conjunctions3. Subordinate Conjunctions
Types of Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions may join single words, or they may join groups of words, but they must always join similar elements: e.g. subject + subject, verb phrase + verb phrase, sentence + sentence. When a coordinating conjunction is used to join elements, the element becomes a compound element.
Coordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
F A N B O Y S
for and nor but or yet so
Examples:CONJUNCTION WHAT IS LINKED SAMPLE SENTENCES
andnoun phrase + noun
phraseWe have tickets for the
symphony and the opera.
butSentence + sentence The orchestra rehearses
on Tuesday, but the chorus rehearses on
Wednesday.
orVerb + verb Have you seen or heard
the opera by Scott Joplin?
soSentence + sentence I wanted to sit in the
front of the balcony, so I ordered my tickets early.
are always used in pairs. They join similar elements. When joining singular and plural subjects, the subject closest to the verb determines whether the verb is singular or plural.
Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions
both...andnot only...but
alsoeither...or neither...nor whether...or
Examples:CONJUNCTIONS WHAT IS LINKED SAMPLE SENTENCE
both...and subject+subject Both my sister and my brother play the piano.
either...or noun+noun Tonight's program is either Mozart or Beet
hoven.
neither...nor subject+subject Neither the orchestra nor the
chorus was able to overcome the terrible acoustics in the church
not only...but also sentence+sentence Not only does Sue raise money for the
symphony, but she also ushers at all of their
concerts.
(sometimes called a dependent word or subordinator) comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or Dependent) Clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence.
Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions
TIME CAUSE + EFFECT OPPOSITION CONDITION
after because although if
before since though unless
when now that even though only if
while as whereas whether or not
since in order that while even if
until so in case (that)
Examples:•After she had learned to drive, Alice felt
more independent• If the paperwork arrives on time, your
check will be mailed on Tuesday.•Gerald had to begin his thesis over
again when his computer crashed.•Midwifery advocates argue that home births
are safer because the mother and baby are exposed to fewer people and fewer germs.
Synthesis
Exercises
1. Do you think this is something ___ can be learned?a. whob. thatc. X (the conjunction can be omitted)
2. Don't go out ___ you've finished your work.a. asb. whilec. until
3. Make sure you close all the windows ___ it starts to rain.a. afterb. beforec. for
4. I think I know ___ he left the job.a. whyb. untilc. where
5. ___ I had known how much I would disappoint him, I wouldn't have done it.a. Whetherb. Whenc. If
6. ___ you see me, get in the car.a. As soon asb. Whilec. Whether
7. My friend John, ___ lives in California, has a car with a New York license.a. whoseb. whoc. that
8. It's usually quite simple to cross the border between the USA and Canada ___ these two countries have friendly relations.a. yetb. andc. because
9. ___ a university professor returns from a sabbatical leave, he should be better qualified.a. Untilb. Whenc. Even though
10. She's ___ a snobbish person ___ nobody likes to be with her.a. such...thatb. such...asc. so...that
Prepositions
Exercises:1. Lena put the flowers she received for her
birthday (in, on) vase.
2. The crown (at, on) the winner’s head is made of Davao pearls.
3. Bert put the greeting card he received (inside, between) the pages of this books.
4. The mother lay down (beside, in) her child and read him a story.
5. Huge neon signs (under, above) the high-rise buildings dotted the skyline.
Exercises:
6. He is having a hard time swimming because he is going (against, with) the current.
7. The policemen suddenly broke (into, out) the gambling casino and arrested everyone inside.
8. Coming (from, to) Baguio at the crack of dawn, we reached Quezon City by noon.
9. We drove (around, between) Quezon City for about an hour before finding her house.
10. The Sultan of Brunei arrived (at, of) the Ninoy Aquino international Airport yesterday.
Answers
1. Do you think this is something ___ can be learned?a. whob. thatc. X (the conjunction can be omitted)
2. Don't go out ___ you've finished your work.a. asb. whilec. until
3. Make sure you close all the windows ___ it starts to rain.a. afterb. beforec. for
4. I think I know ___ he left the job.a. whyb. untilc. where
5. ___ I had known how much I would disappoint him, I wouldn't have done it.a. Whetherb. Whenc. If
6. ___ you see me, get in the car.a. As soon asb. Whilec. Whether
7. My friend John, ___ lives in California, has a car with a New York license.a. whoseb. whoc. that
8. It's usually quite simple to cross the border between the USA and Canada ___ these two countries have friendly relations.a. yetb. andc. because
9. ___ a university professor returns from a sabbatical leave, he should be better qualified.a. Untilb. Whenc. Even though
10. She's ___ a snobbish person ___ nobody likes to be with her.a. such...thatb. such...asc. so...that
Prepositions
Answers:
1. Lena put the flowers she received for her birthday (in, on) a vase.
2. The crown (at, on) the winner’s head is made of Davao pearls.
3. Bert put the greeting card he received (inside, between) the pages of this books.
4. The mother lay down (beside, in) her child and read him a story.
5. Huge neon signs (under, above) the high-rise buildings dotted the skyline.
Answers:6. He is having a hard time swimming because
he is going (against, with) the current.
7. The policemen suddenly broke (into, out) the gambling casino and arrested everyone inside.
8. Coming (from, to) Baguio at the crack of dawn, we reached Quezon City by noon.
9. We drove (around, between) Quezon City for about an hour before finding her house.
10. The Sultan of Brunei arrived (at, of) the Ninoy Aquino international Airport yesterday.
