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AIRCorrelating Transportation, Energy Efficiency,
and Urban Heat Island Mitigation
Richard M. Daley, Mayor
City of Chicago
David Leopold, Project Manager
Streetscape and Sustainable Design Program
Source: CNT.org
FIVESTRATEGIES
Leadership: Chicago Climate Action Plan
Corresponding Project Goals
•Alternative Modes of Transportation
•Urban Heat Island Effect
•Light Pollution
•Construction Emissions
•Regional Materials
Alternative Transportation
•Implementing the CDOT Complete Streets Policy
•Improving facilities for pedestrians and cyclists
•Improving access to public transportation
Alternative Transportation – Pedestrian Basics
ADA Compliant Sidewalks and Ramps
Clearly Marked Crossings
Alternative Transportation – Design Elements
Landscaped buffers between pedestrians and traffic
Alternative Transportation – Design ElementsBlue Island Avenue
•Cars and Trucks parking on the existing sidewalk
5’
Alternative Transportation – Design ElementsBlue Island Avenue
•Narrow sidewalk 5’ to shadow parking midblock, allowing for the addition of a bike lane
Alternative Transportation – Design ElementsBikeway Infrastructure
•Providing Linkages to the Existing Bikeways Network
•Adding parking for cyclists and bike-to-transit
Alternative Transportation – Design ElementsPublic Transportation
•Relocating bus stops
•Reconstructing ADA compliant bus stop areas.
Alternative Transportation – Design ElementsSide Street Bump-Outs
•Reduced Pedestrian Crossing Distances
•Opportunities for Landscaping and stormwater infiltration
•Discourage truck access to residential blocks to the North
Urban Heat Island Effect
Goal: Reduce ambient summer temperatures on streets and sidewalks through use of reflective pavements on roadways, light colored materials on sidewalks and use of trees for shading
Urban Heat Island Effect
180 New trees will be planted in landscaped planters and bioswales.
Planting conditions designed to optimize canopy growth
Urban Heat Island Effect
Maximize streetscape surface area in roadway, sidewalks, and plazas with minimum .29 Solar Reflective Index.
•Permeable Pavers (over 50,000 sq ft)
•Roadway pavers with with Photocatalytic Cement
•Sidewalk Concrete (over 130,000 sq ft)
•Microthin Concrete Overlay (over 100,000 sq ft)
½ Inch Paver Facemix
Photocatalytic Cement in Pavements
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
%)
NO
NOx
NO2
UV DarkDark
Depollution Process on Tested Paver SamplesReduction in NO, NOx, NO2 Gases
Source: Axim Technology Center
Air Quality Pre-Data Collection
1’
3’
6’
Data Points Include: NO, NO2, NOx, Wind Speed, UV
Energy Efficiency - Lighting
•Achieve 49% reduction in energy use over a streetscape baseline
•Utilize a white light source
•Eliminate light trespass into the night sky
Energy Efficiency - Lighting
•400 W / 310 W HPS Gateway 2000 Fixtures
•100 W HPS Pedestrian Lights
•210 W/ 140 W Metal Halide Fixtures with Electronic Ballast
•40 W LED Pedestrian Lights
Baseline Sustainable Streetscape
Energy Savings = 49% reduction from the Baseline
Energy Efficiency - Lighting
•Technology comparison to HPS.•Roadway pavement design used to improve uniformity and visibility for drivers and pedestrians.•Technology barriers experienced throughout design•Energy use costs vs. life cycle costing•Full-cut off decision-making•Smart fixtures
Construction Emissions
•Construction Vehicles: ULSD Fuel and Idling Requirements
•Warm Mix Asphalt Technology
CDOT Piloted two Warm Mix Asphalt Demonstrations in 2008 typically resulting in:
•Temperatures more than 100 degrees lower than hot mix
•55% reduction in fuel consumption
•46% reduction in greenhouse gases
•58% decrease in nitrogen oxides
•81% drop in sulfur dioxide
Regional Materials
•Attain 40% of all materials from sources within 500 miles of the project site