Situational Awareness andProactive Policing

A Perspective and Proposition

October 2013

© 2013 Workware Systems Ltd.This Document Contains Proprietary & Commercial-in-Confidence Information.

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A Comparative Perspective

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1960s: Random Patrol, Rapid Response,Reactive Investigation. Enabled through

reliable, low-cost, two-way radio

1980’s Neighbourhood &Community Policing

Emphasis on underlyingcauses of crime

2000’s Intelligence-led PolicingAdoption of the UK National

Intelligence Model

2013+ Proactive PolicingEnabled through technology and an iterative

approach to learning and adaptive action.Fiscal Austerity means policing needs to be

more productive and more effective

Policing Models Systems Support

Paper based recording, card indexes,local knowledge key to policing

The rise of the desk-basedintegrated system – the RMS

Silo systems only supporting specific business process; e.g. crime reporting

Mobile data capture, connected officer,federated search from mobile devices.Geo-spatial and context awareness.Intelligent Information Push.

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Current Position

• Police Forces are information rich butaccess is selective and on demand, with no intelligent push of relevant information whilst on officers are on patrol

– multiple systems storing data for retrieval and analysis

• Greater efficiency in managing police data

– the golden nominal, reuse across business processes, etc.

• Mobile data capture widespread

– mainly through point apps designed for specific business process

• Widespread use of mobile devices, BlackBerry and ToughBooks, for federated search of systems

Awareness of need to move forward

– austerity policing challenges continue

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Limitations of Current Position

Large, static systems built for desktop

Good for supporting information “pull”

Good for developing support for out-of-office data capture – either by point apps or desktop mobilisation

Good for providing rich sources of data for desk based analysis

Not built for mobile from the ground up

Not designed for data “push” to front line

Not designed for front line analytics

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What is the Challenge?• Front Line and Community Policing, is a

high knowledge-based activity

• Exploiting organisational knowledge in dynamic operational policing activity is key to improving officer productivity

• New technology needs to connect real-time analysis, information-led policing, and best policing practices to the officer on patrol

• Productivity and effectiveness can be improved by pushing information to front line officers which is:

– Relevant to their role

– Relevant to their location

– Relevant in time

• Helps them to understand their environment and take action

• Deploy without complexity

• Deliver without significant cost

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Operational Policing is an Information-driven enterprise

Faster Access to Knowledge is a Force Multiplier for Patrol Officers

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What Do We Know?

Fast, Accessible Knowledge Accelerates

A Police Officer’s Effectiveness

Data Becomes a Burden

to IT Infrastructure

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Who Can We Learn From?

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Strong technology High analytical capability

Challenged HUMINTcollection environment

Intelligence Agencies Commerce

Works hard to understand data and predict demand

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What Can We Exploit?

• Web 2.0 technology

– dynamic, adaptive, open services and standards, manage huge amounts of data

• Explosion of affordable Mobile Devices

• Increasing ubiquity and capability of wireless networks

– public and private, 3G, 4G, etc.

• Cloud services

– cheap, easy to access,reduced internal support costs

• Big Data

– generated by new, connected“things” and content

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A Moment of Reflection

• Patrol Officers need better access to knowledge

• Austerity challenge pushing forces to achieve greater productivity and effectiveness

• Police mobility still very limited – “pull” information and data capture driven

• Front line is high knowledge-based activity

• Challenge is to exploit new technologies and understanding of what works elsewhere to deliver new capability to policing

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And a Question:

If you believe in the notion of “the right information, to the right person, at the right time”

Then the question is…

If the only way of getting information is by “pulling” it from systems…

How are we expected to know what the right information is at the right time?

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What is the New Paradigm?

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Proactive and Predictive Policing

Response Policing

Neighbourhood PolicingTotalSituationalAwarenessAnd Action-Response

Sector-based policing modelPredominately Information PushGeospatial and context awareFocus on vulnerable people, domestic

violence, community knowledge

Complex Adaptive System policing modelPredominately analysis & predictionData discovery and fusionFocus on predictive and proactive

operational outcomes

Incident-based, selective informationMix of Information Push and PullProvides knowledge before arrival at eventFocus on optimising response to incident

and overall officer efficiency

Situational Awareness and Predictive Policing

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The Neighbourhood Policing perspective aggregates and pushes geospatially and contextually relevant and important information to the officer on patrol

Usability

Awareness

Access

Information Filtered By Role,Location, and Context

Info

rmatio

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USH

Neighbourhood Policing Perspective

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Response Policing perspective pushes real time and relevant information to the officers while they respond to a specific incident. Real time collaboration with other officers and interrogation of all data sources put maximum information awareness in the hands of officers as they respond to incidents

Usability

Awareness

Access

Specific, Relevant Incident Informationis Pushed to Officers While They Respond

Officers Can Request Deep and BroadInformation in Transit or On Scene

Info

rmatio

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USH

Info

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PU

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Response Policing Perspective

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Proactive and Predictive policing can play a major role in making officers more effective (“sweating the assets”, so to speak). Effective use of all police and non-police information, coupled with a robust analytical capability, can offer operational police officers cogent tools

Usability

Awareness

Access

Link Analysis

Geospatial Analysis

Anomaly Detection

Non-Obvious Relationship Analysis(NORA)

Decision Support &Aide-Memoires

Discovery & Prediction

Proactive and Predictive Policing Perspective

Resource AllocationForecasting

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So Imagine This…

Envision a PC walking along a busy street, notification is pushed to her that a warrant is outstanding at the red brick house on the corner. The adjacent block of flats has a known violent offender and a recent domestic abuse victim. At the house on the opposite side of the road lives a vulnerable repeat victim of crime.

Local crime hot spots are displayed on her device and predictive analysis guides her through historical incidents and statistically plausible future events. With a single tap, she can open a map, search for persons of interest, drill down on incidents, and add to a shared community knowledge base.

Later that morning, she scans a detained person’s face and the suspect’s previous encounters and sketchy relationships are shown on an easy to understand link diagram.

In addition to the geospatial and contextual dimensions of the PC’s job, there are notifications and reminders of her unfinished cases and tasks. Her in progress cases can be quickly recalled or assigned to other colleagues.

The entire PC’s shift becomes an intelligent collection of activities and knowledge that are captured, stored, indexed, and made available to the rest of the policing community.

THIS CAN BE DELIVERED NOW – IT CAN TRANSFORM POLICING

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A Situational Awareness Narrative for 2013

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The Solution

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RMS Structured Data,Command and Control,Forensics, Data Warehouse, etc.

WorkwareOneCommon Resilient

Data Repository

UnstructuredData from aHuge Varietyof Data Sources,Made Searchable

Proactive Policing Perspectiveutilises data from a variety of sources, not only RMS and CAD

Typically, community knowledge,criminal intelligence, PND, commercial databases, etc.

Unstructured and structured data become searchable and actionable

Data are “flattened”and all objects aremade searchableand associated viaPOLE link analysis

Predictive analysismodel made simpleand actionable

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Analytical Tool Framework

• WorkwareOne™ has a plug-in analytical capability allowing many options for analysis both using tools inherent in the platform or third-party add-ons

• Platform resident tools include:

– Link analysis

– Geospatial mapping and analysis

– Discriminate analysis

– Anomaly detection

– Non-obvious relationship analysis

– Search and association

– Text mining

– Learning algorithms

– Neural networks

• We seek to make operational officers more efficient through faster access to knowledge, better resource allocation through prediction, and real time feedback based on officer location, activity and response outcomes

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Why Use Mobile Tablets?

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Best Way to Federate KnowledgeOn Demand, Anywhere

Easy to Understand Geospatial Awareness and Incident Mapping

Increased Speed of Access toOperational Police Knowledge

A tablet knows where you are and what you are doing

A tablet has the ability to filter data based on role, context, and location

A tablet’s platform infrastructure allows officers to collaborate and share knowledge and tactical information

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Summary Points

• Workware Systems delivering capability based on most current technology proven in other deployments

• Exploiting rich data in forces to provide situational awareness and predictive policing at point of greatest need – front line officers in any role

• Goal – improve productivity and effectiveness by pushing data relevant to role, location and timeplus offering predictive support – what might happen here and now

• Entirely different proposition from process-specific data capture apps or pull data search apps

• Much easier and more efficient than mobile desktop

• Next generation capability – changing the expectations about what is possible

• Low cost economic model – open source, no license fees, shared code base ownership and close collaboration with partners and customers

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info@workwaresystems.com www.workwaresystems.com