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POLICING FRAMEWORKS, POLICING SYSTEMS, POLICING STRATEGIES AND POLICING MODELS WITHIN SAPS Compiled by: LIEUTENANT GENERAL KJ SITOLE

TRAPPED BY REALITY, FREED BY IMAGINATION” (NICHOLAS MINOLTA)

Current policing frameworks and strategies in South Africa

emanates from the outcome of the 4th March 1994 Summit

South Africa changed from rule book driven to vision driven

country.

The vision “to create a non racial, non sexist, united

democratic South Africa for a better life for all” was

adopted.

End of rationalisation and amalgamation process(1994)

created a need for the shaping of a new police service within

the democratic principles

“Better life for all” provided and cascaded specification of

the police service through one of the pillars of the mission

statement; “ Community Centred Governance Approach”

1. BACKGROUND

2

Mission statement translated to “Community Centred

Policing”

Community Centred Policing approach gave rise to

democratic policing concept

Democratic policing concept drilled specification of the police

service through the Constitution and got captured in the

Police Act

Democratic policing concept simplified the specification

design (model) of the police service through the eight

dimensions outlined in the “White Paper on Transformation

of the Public Service (1995)”

This background marked the beginning of the specification

journey which seeked to build and transform policing in a

democratic state through a dynamic developmental process

1. BACKGROUND…

3

4

BASIC POLICING MODEL

BASIC POLICING PRINCIPLES

STRATEGIC

POLICING

INNOVATIVE

POLICING

Mobilization Integrated approach

Sustainability Planning& resources

Policing through ideas

Powerhouse Best Practice Sharing

FIRST THINGS FIRST DOING THINGS RIGHT COMMAND AND

CONTROL

Inspections Compliance with policies

NATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION FRAMEWORK

COMMUNITY POLICING FRAMEWORK

PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL CRIME PREVENTION FRAMEWORK

LOCAL POLICING FRAMEWORK

OPERATIONAL STRATEGY

3. MULTI-DISCIPLINERY VALUE CHAIN

(MODEL FOUNDATION)

5

4. NCPS/NDP SPECIFICATION INFLUENCE (PILLARS, OUTPUTS AND OUTCOME APPROACH)

CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROCESS

Certain and Rapid Deterrence Outcome 3 : Output 2 : A more effective Criminal Justice System.

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

Limit opportunities

and maximise constraints Outcome 3 : Output 1 Reduce the overall levels of serious crime in particular contact and trio crimes) linked NDP

COMMUNITY VALUES & EDUCATION

Community pressure and public participation in crime prevention Outcome 3 Output 4: Managed and improved perception of crime among the population.

TRANS-NATIONAL CRIME

Regional cooperation, stability (deployments) and address cross border crime Outcome 11 -Enhanced African

Agenda and

Sustainable Development

Output 5: South Africa’s borders effectively safely guarded and secured

6

Programmes per pillar.ppt
















The initiative began early Feb 1995 as a response to

the then Pres. Mandela’s address at the opening of

Parliament.

“ The situation cannot be tolerated in which our

country continues to be engulfed by the crime wave

which includes murder, crimes against women and

children, drug trafficking, armed robbery, fraud and

theft. We must take the war to the criminals and no

longer allow the situation in which we are mere sitting

ducks of those in our society who, for whatever reason,

are bent to engage in criminal and anti-social activities”

5. NCPS SPECIFICATION RATIONALE

(PREAMBLE)

7

A united country is where:-

all citizens are active participants in their own development;

A capable state able to drive development, instil ethics and serve the citizenry;

A dynamic and growing economy that is more labour absorbing, supported by adequate infrastructure;

Education, skills and innovation systems exist that can be utilized to develop the capabilities of its own people;

Leaders work together to confront and overcome its problems, it is essential that a multi disciplinary project concept approach is followed.

5. NCPS SPECIFICATION RATIONALE

(PREAMBLE)….

8

In 2030, people living in South Africa feel safe

at home, at school and at work, and they enjoy a

community life free of fear. Women walk freely

in the streets and children play safely

outside. The police service is well-resourced

and professional, staffed by highly skilled

officers who value their work, serve the

community, safeguard lives and property without

discrimination, protect the peaceful against

violence, and respect the rights to equality and

justice.

6. NDP SPECIFICATION RATIONALE

(VISION 2030 SPECIFICATION)

9

7. INITIAL FOUNDATION DESIGN

EMBRACING FRAMEWORKS

10

SAPS POLICING FRAMEWORK

OPERATIONAL LEG ORGANISATIONAL LEG

CRIME DETECTION FRAMEWORK

VISPOL FRAMEWORK

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

White Paper on Transformation of the Public Service (1995)

Specification

Country’s vision and mission statement link

Democratic policing concept requirement

Eight dimension based umbrella framework outlining

specification link between Operational and Resource

Management Strategies

Graduation development of dimensions defines quality

definition, character and quality of service delivery a demand

for which policy and legislative development or reviews

(requiring re-alignment)

8. TRANSFORMATION FRAMEWORK

11

National Crime Prevention Framework

• Country’s mission statement

• Constitution (Addressing the root causes of crime)

• Manual on making South Africa Safe (Hard and Soft Approach)

• NDP Vision 2030 specification requirement and alignment (statement of

concern)

o “The collapse of the NCPS made SAPS to become an all purpose

agency with an extended mandate impossible to fulfil”

• Provincialisation and localisation pre-requisites having a bearing on

policing

Specification Outputs

• PCPF/LCPF

• Community Safety Plans – IDP links

• Community Sector Policing Plans

• Station OPS Plans – Local Policing Framework

9. NATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION FRAMEWORK

(NATIONAL YOUTH CRIME PREVETION FRAMEWORK)

12

Derive specification from NCPS

Meant to address active involvement of youth in crime as

perpetrators and victims

Complimentary to National Crime Prevention and Community

Policing Frameworks

Currently in the International Best Practise System, but not

yet fully nationalised

10. YOUTH CRIME PREVENTION FRAMEWORK

13

National Crime Combating Strategy

• First step towards development of a policing model

• Anticipated to give rise to the most effective method of policing in the

country

• From a value for money point of view; the most cost effective method

of policing in the country

• Current available methods

o Operational Policing

o Basic Policing

o Community Centred Policing

• Deliverable Description

o Three phases

1. Stabilisation (2000-2004)

2. Normalisation (2005-2010)

3. Reduction (2010 onwards)

11. NATIONAL CRIME COMBATTING STRATEGY

14

o Two approaches

1. Geographical Approach (Crime weight/hot spot with 1999

declaration link)

2. Organised Crime Approach (OCTA)

o Two platforms

1. National Crime Combatting Forum

2. Organised Crime Secretariat

Effect on model design

• Strategy expired 2010 without review

• Geographical approach did not link process to NCPS despite the

existence of the 1999 Declaration and ISRDP

• OCTA platforms faded

• NCCF also faded but later revived

11. NATIONAL CRIME COMBATTING STRATEGY…

15

Flowing from country’s mission statement (“Community

Centred Governance Approach”)

Initial design specification outlined through “White Paper on

Transformation of the Public Service” cutting across the

“White Paper on Safety’ and the Police Act

Specification narrowed down to tool (viz; CPF’s/Boards) which

minimised strategic links resulting in the following;

• Could not find provision in the Resource Strategy and

hence no funded mandate

• Could not read in and capture “Sector Policing as a

philosophy”

• Did not find link to NCPS

12. COMMUNITY POLICING FRAMEWORK

(STRATEGY)

16

Link to model to long term resource planning

Three dimensional interconnection

Resource Matrix provision

Capture resource requirement for operationalization of

policies and legislations including specifications related

thereto

13. RESOURCE FRAMEWORK ALIGNMENT

17

Modus Operandi Development and Advancement

• Focus currently more on crime and less on modus

operandi destruction

• Modus operandi analysis not very much connected to

research and less institutionalised and formalised

• Sentenced prisoners exploit current gaps within the CJS

and stay out of jail despite being sentenced

Expired re-integration programmes of released offenders and

parolees, leave offenders vulnerable to repeat offending

Multi-disciplinary policy collusions end up creating root

causes of crime viz; expulsion of students, learners, drop out

control, etc.

14. CHALLENGES AND GAPS REQUIRINGMODEL

RESPONSE

18

Interrelated factors produce more root causes which create a

conducive climate for modus operandi development

(economic, social and spatial development factors)

Policing links to key pillars of the country (viz; targeting of

National Key Points, attack to Grand Economic Strategy and

contamination of moral fibre)

Depletion of experience

Capacity shift from the operational field/ground through

policy pressure

CHALLENGES AND GAPS REQUIRING

MODEL RESPONSE…

19

CHALLENGES AND GAPS REQUIRING MODEL RESPONSE…

POLICY AND MANDATORY GAPS CREATING CONDUCIVE CLIMATE FOR MODUS

OPERANDI

20

NO MAN’S LAND

Expired prisoners re-intergration programmes and paroles

Number of school age

children on the streets

Expelled kids from schools

Number of single

mothers below the age of 18

Repeat Victim/

Offender Profile Criminal

runnership profile

Sentenced prisoners

with dismissed appeals

outside jails

Child Justice

Act Diversion

Ex employees

by all institu-tions

Drop out profile

STATION INTELLIGENCE PROFILE

(STATION CRIME PROFILE)

SECTOR PROFILE

(SECTOR PRECINCT)

STATION PROFILE

(STATION POLICING PRECINCT)

MUNICIPAL PROFILE

(SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT AREA)

Inflow

PROFILE CHALLENGES

CRIMINAL CATERGORIES

• Career criminal

• Multi-Dimensional criminal

• Modus Operandi pioneers

• Petty criminals

MODUS OPERANDI IMPLICATIONS

• Societal damage

• Economic damage

• Human life

• Future of the country



22

Modus Operandi Investment Approach (criminal investment)

• Runnership

o Drug Substance

o Youth Offender Creation

o Disinvestment in moral fibre

o Spring board creation for petty offenders

o Delivered offenders from re-intergration and parole programmes

o Enhance school dropout rate

o Infiltration

• Development of criminal research capacity through recruitment of unemployed graduates.

CHALLENGES AND GAPS REQUIRING MODEL

RESPONSE…


23

Criminal Investment in Modus Operandi Intensifies

• Community Sponsorships (Groceries), education, etc.

• Runnership Profile

• Moral Fibre Contamination

• Technological Investment (Deep Web, Dark Web,

Hacking)



24

ANTICIPATED MODEL RESPONSE TO MODUS

OPERANDI

• Create platforms/mechanisms for modus operandi

analysis and research

• Depict current and planned Modus Operandi

• Link root cause analysis to modus operandi

• Modus Operandi alert links to social media and public

education

• Link killing of modus operandi through normalisation

processes via the slogan matrix

• Target criminal creativity and disable their invention

capacity.

• Create Deep Web Analysis capacity



25

Criminal Creativity Profiling

• Ranking Matrix

• Modus Advancement Link



26

THEME INTERGRATION AND ALIGNMENT

• OPERATIONAL THEME


CORDINATION AND SILOSHIP (FUSION AND COMMAND CENTRE

ALIGNMENT)

27

FUSION:

Turning information

and Intelligence

Into Actionable

Knowledge

THEME INTERGRATION AND ALIGNMENT

• STRATEGIC THEME


CORDINATION AND SILOSHIP (FUSION AND COMMAND CENTRE

ALIGNMENT)

28

Turning integrated policy and legislative

matrix (products) into actionable multi-

disciplinary collaborated strategic and

operational designs (plans/interventions)

with high impact on socio-economic

development leading to a “better life for

all”.

OPERATIONAL CENTRES Joint Operational

Centre

Semi Institutional Activation

War Room Activation Centre

10111 Centre CCTV Centre

External Activation

Social Media Activation

Inter Provincial Activation

Contingency Planning and Disaster

Management Centre

Integrated Operational Cross Cutting Policy and

Legislative Centre

Modus Operandi Analysis Centre

Integrated Strategic Cross Cutting Policy and

Legislative Centre

Integrated Policy Implementation and Feasibility

Analysis

Innovation and Creativity Centre

(Powerhouse Centre)

Multi disciplinary Performance Management

Centre

Integrated Policy and Planning

Centre

Multi disciplinary Project Management

Centre

Integrated Policy Analysis and Development

Integrated Research Centre

Integrated Work Study Centre

Best Practice Centre

Modus Operandi Research and

Analysis

Communication and Media Policy

Centre

Tele/Video Conference

Strategic Components

Review specification to conform with democratic principles and follow the direction of the country

Develop quality control tools to keep strategic designs on check against policy and legislative specifications

Craft specification for each and every policy direction

Determine resource requirement for operationalisation of policies and legislations

Research on the most cost effective method of policing in the country

Operationalise all sections of the frameworks and strategic designs that do not meet specification requirement yet

Link development of the policing model to the transformation of the country

RECOMMENDATIONS

31

“Disney land will never be completed. It will continue to grow as long as there is imagination left in the world”.

(Walt Disney)

CONCLUSION

32

Thank you

Documents

POLICING FRAMEWORKS, POLICING SYSTEMS, POLICING STRATEGIES ... · PDF filePOLICING FRAMEWORKS, POLICING SYSTEMS, POLICING STRATEGIES AND ... attack to Grand Economic Strategy and