2. Vowels Pure Vowels - 12 [monophthongs] Front Vowels - 4 Back
Vowels - 5 Central Vowels - 3 Diphthongs - 8 Towards /i/ - 3
Towards /u/ - 2 Towards // - [email protected] 3
3. Front Vowels i: - eat, beat, bee i - it, bit, city e - any,
bed - axe, [email protected] 4
4. Front Vowels Symbol Active Passive Lips Tongue Initial
Middle Final Description i: Front of tongue Hard Palate Spread
Tense eat beat bee Front Close Unrounded Centralised Front i Rear
front tongue Hard Palate Loosely Spread Tense it bit city Unrounded
vowel above half-close Front unrounded e Front of tongue Hard
Palate Spread More Tensed any bed X between half-close and
half-open Front unrounded Front of tongue Hard Palate Neutrly open
less tensed axe bat X vowel just below
[email protected] 5
6. Central Vowels - up, cup : - earn, learn, err -
about,[email protected] 7
7. Central VowelsSymbol Active Passive Lips Jaws Initial Middle
Final Description Centre Betwn Nurly Central unrounded of tng
H&S Palate opn wide up cup X just above open : Centre Betwn
H&S Sprd wide earn learn err Central unrounded vowel bet
half-close of tng Palate and half-open Centre Betwn H&S Sprd
wide about forget tailor Central Unrounded vowel just below of tng
Palate half [email protected] 8
9. Back Vowels u: - ooze, boot, two u - put, to : - ought,
bought, law - ox, box : - art, part, [email protected]
10
10. Back VowelsSymbol Active Passive Lips Jaws Tongue Initial
Middle Final Description u: Back of tongue Soft Palate Closly round
- tense ooze boot two Black close rounded Back rounded v u Frnt of
Back of tongue Soft Palate round - lax X put to* just above half-
close Back of tongue Soft Palate Slight round Wide open - ox box X
Back rounded v just above the open position : Back of tongue Soft
Palate round Wide open - ough t bought law Back rounded v bet.
half-open and half close Tongue : bet. Cenr n Soft Palate Nutrly
Open Wide - art part car Back open unrounded
[email protected] 11
15. Diphthongs The tongue starts in the position required for
the articulation of a particular vowel and moves in the direction
of the position required for the articulation of a different vowel.
The glide should take place within one
[email protected] 16
16. Diphthongs Diphthongs gliding towards /i/ -3 Diphthongs
gliding towards /u/ -2 Diphthongs gliding towards //
[email protected] 17
18. Diphthongs gliding towards /i/ /ei/ A glide from a front
unrounded vowel just below half-close to a centralised front
unrounded vowel just above half- close Initial - aim Middle - pain
Final - [email protected] 19
19. Diphthongs gliding towards /i/ /ai/ A glide from a front
open unrounded vowel to a centralised front unrounded vowel just
above half-close. Initial - ice Middle - bite Final -
[email protected] 20
20. Diphthongs gliding towards /i/ /i/ A glide from a back
rounded vowel between open and half-open to a centralised front
unrounded vowel just above the half close position. Initial - oil
Middle - boil Final - [email protected] 21
22. Diphthongs gliding towards /u/ /au/ A glide beginning at a
back open unrounded position and moves in the direction of
centralised back rounded vowel just above the half-close position.
Initial - out Middle - bout Final - [email protected]
23
23. Diphthongs gliding towards /u/ /u/ A glide from a central
unrounded vowel between half-close and half-open to a centralised
back rounded vowel just above the half-close position. Initial -
over Middle - boat Final - [email protected] 24
25. Diphthongs gliding towards // /i/ A glide from a
centralised front unrounded vowel just above half-close to a
central unrounded vowel between half close and half-open position.
Initial - ear-ring* Middle - fierce Final -
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26. Diphthongs gliding towards // /u/ A glide from a
centralised back rounded vowel just above half-close to a central
unrounded vowel between half-close and half-open position. Initial
- --- Middle - during Final - [email protected] 27
27. Diphthongs gliding towards // // A glide from a front
half-open unrounded vowel to a central unrounded vowel between
half-close and half-open position. Initial - aeroplane Middle -
careful Final - [email protected] 28
45. beginning with voiced alveolar approximant / r / rm (final)
silent before a consonant in England & Wales- "alarm" / l /,
"arm" / /, "warm" / :m :m w:m / rm (final) generally pronounced
(& sometimes rolled) in Scotland & Ireland "alarm" / l :rm
/, "arm" / :rm /, "warm" / w:rm / The / r / within these consonant
clusters is generally pronounced in Canada most parts of the USA.
The / r / is pronounced by all English speakers when it precedes a
vowel sound, as in "angry" / / or "zebra" / r zebr /. / r / can
precede several other consonants sounds, though in these contexts
it is rarely pronounced in England and [email protected]
46
46. beginning with voiceless post- alveolar affricate- / / 089-
t (final) hitched, matched, [email protected] 47
47. beginning with voiceless post- alveolar affricate- / / 090-
d (final) caged, edged, forged, judged, [email protected]
48
48. beginning with voiceless post- alveolar fricative- / / 091-
t (final) cashed, fished, mashed, [email protected]
49
49. beginning with voiceless post- alveolar fricative- / / 092-
d (final) leisured, measured, pleasured,
[email protected] 50
50. beginning with voiced palatal semi- vocalic- / j / / t / +
/ j / is often replaced by / / in words such as "nature" / ne /,
"future" / fju: /, "feature" / fi: /, and "creature" / kri: /. This
type of assimilation is known as coalescence. / d / + / j / is
often replaced by / / in words such as "gradual" / grl / and
individual / [email protected] 51
51. beginning with voiced velar nasal // 093- (final) length
094- t (final) instinct 095- ts (final) instincts 096- d (final)
longed 097- st (medial) minxed 098- z (final) things 099- k (final)
think 100- g (final) [email protected] 52
52. beginning with voiceless velar plosive- / k / 101- k
(final) sixth 102- ks (final) sixths 103- kt (final) fact, worked
104- kts (final) conflicts, contexts, expects texts 105- ks (final)
six, works 106- kst (final) context, next, oversexed, pretext,
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55. ship sheep fit feet --- ----------------------- bit beat
sit seat knit neat rich reach pit Pete gin Jean chip
[email protected] six seeks 56
56. bit bet did dead -- ----------------------- fill fell will
well rid red pit Pete sit set bill [email protected]
57
57. bet bat --- pen ----------------------- pan men man head
had said sad guess gas letter [email protected] better
batter 58
58. bet but net nut -- ----------------------- hem hum said sud
sex sucks better butter wren run Ben bun trek
[email protected] 59
59. bet Bert bed bird --- ----------------------- head heard
ten turn Hell hurl Ben burn edge [email protected] nest 60
nursed
60. sell sale ---- -----------------------bait bet pen pain
tell tale well whale red raid fell [email protected] get
61 gate
61. cat cut ----- hat ----------------------- hut cap cup lack
luck sack suck batter butter ran [email protected] bank 62
bunk
62. cat cart back bark ----- ----------------------- sack Sark
Dan darn mad marred mack mark had [email protected] cad 63
card
63. cot caught cod chord ---- ----------------------- pot port
not nought shot short fox forks spot sport knotty naughty odder
[email protected] 64
64. bud bird bun burn -- ----------------------- fussed first
shut shirt cub kerb ton turn thud [email protected] such
65 search
65. pull pool - pulled ----------------------- pooled wood
wooed would wooed should shoed could cooed full fool soot suit hood
[email protected] look 66 Luke
66. cart cot card cod ----- ----------------------- part pot
dart dot stark stock sharp shop carp cop harp
[email protected] 67
67. cart caught ----- card ----------------------- chord part
port art ought bard board jar jaw car [email protected]
martyr 68 mortar
68. four fur --- court ----------------------- curt all url
pore purr form firm chord curd sport [email protected]
whore her 69
69. court coat ----- ----------------------- bowl ball four foe
Paul pole form foam chord code bought boat shawl
[email protected] torn 70 tone
70. day die bay buy --- ----------------------- tape type fate
fight pain pine hate height bait bite lace
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71. here hair beer bare --- ----------------------- deer dare
fear fair ear air pier pair mere [email protected] 72
72. peer poor mere more ---- ----------------------- tear
(water from eye) tour spear spoor dear dour sheer sure year your
beer [email protected] 73
73. pair poor mare more tear (rip----------------------- ----
apart) tour spare spoor dare dour share sure bear
[email protected] 74
100. Transcribe What is your name? | s j wt neim | This is my
pen | is iz mai pen | Did you do your | did ju d jr examination
well? i n zminei wel | Dickens is my favourite | dikinz iz mai
feivrit author | The King and the queen | ki nd kwin went for a
tour. went tu | [email protected] 101
102. Practice set Match the phonemic transcription with the
English words Match the phonemes with the vowel sound in the first
syllable of the words Select the consonant sound / / or / /
contained within these words Check the words which contain the
sound [email protected] 103
103. Practice set Select the consonant sound // , // or //
contained in the words Match the vowel sound in the first syllable
of the word with the correct phoneme Select the initial consonant
sound: / g / , / j / or the voiced postalveolar affricate / / RP
English [email protected] 104
104. Stress Stress makes a syllable sound more prominent. (due
to increased articulatory effort) Stress may be denoted by an
accent over the vowel in the stressed
[email protected] 105
