Introduction to VANET Technology

■ VANET stands for Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork. *Ad hoc means a system of network elements that combine to form a network requiring little or no planning.

* Two main types of vehicular communication system: > Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) > Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I)*Both V2V and V2I “Ad hoc” in nature

V2V Communication■ V2V communication system that provides a 360 degree view

of similarly-equipped vehicles within communication range.■ Vehicle control information such as the transmission state,

break status and steering wheel angle as well as the Vehicle’s path history and Path prediction.

■ Uses multi hop technique ■ Uses two types of broadcasting > Naïve > Intelligent

V2I Communication■ High bandwidth link between vehicle and roadside equipment.■ Uses DRSC(Dedicated Short Range Communication) technique

Challenges:■ Routing■ Security Framework■ Broadcasting■ Quality of Services (QoS)

Applications:■ Major classes of application in VANET are:■ Safely oriented ■ Convenience oriented

MAIN GOAL■It is designed to increase safety, driving efficiency and make the driving experience more comfortable.

■About 1.3 million people die from traffic accident per year.

■About 60 percent of accidents can be avoided by sufficient warnings.

TECHINCAL SPECIFICATIONS

■ VANETs use IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol.

■ Two types of messages sent within VANETs:> Periodic safety messages

> Event Driven Messages

■ Broadcast range about 1000 meters and nodes move at an average speed of 120 kilometer per hour.

VANETs Characteristics

■ Power Supply and Conservation isn’t a major concern.■ Leading Movement Fashion usually occurs on long

Highways.■ Highly Mobile Nodes in constantly changing networks.■ Unbounded Network size■ Real-time, time sensitive data exchange■ Crucial effect of security and privacy.

VANETs Architecture:

TELEMATICS FEATURES■ Security Features are triggered by sensors and events.■ Convenience features are used to enhance the driving

experience.■ Components used to communicate with other cars, hubs,

stations and content providers.■ Two main features: > Security > Convenience

CURRENT USES

■ One of the largest content provider’s is OnStar.

■ Provides safety, emergency and convenience services via VANETs

> Navigation Services > Emergency Response > Theft Assistance

Emergency Alerts

■ VANETs are used to disseminate alerts such as Amber Alerts, Silver Alerts and emergency weather alerts

■ Vehicles GPS location determines the alerts it receives.

■ Potential to save lives.

Security and Privacy■ Due to high mobility, security is more challenging.

■ Wireless nature of transmission process security and privacy concerns.

■ Information such as location, destinations, and speed history have the potential to be intercepted.

POSSIBLE INNOVATIONS

■ 30 Percent of accidents involving emergency vehicles are caused by other drivers.

■ Including Hospitals in the VANETs communication can help further increase effectiveness of communications.

■ Alerting vehicles on the road that an emergency vehicle is approaching.

Advantages of VANET■ Information sharing

■ Cooperative driving

■ Other value added services like navigation, internet access etc.

■ It allows safe and free flow of traffic

Routing in VANETs:

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