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7th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Barbados Presentation on Valuation of Marine Ecosystem Goods & Services in the Caribbean by Patrick Debels and Laverne Walker
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Caribbean Large Marine Caribbean Large Marine Ecosystem Project (CLME)Ecosystem Project (CLME)
Valuation of Marine Ecosystem Goods & Services in the Caribbean: A review and framework for future work
Patrick Debels Laverne WalkerRegional Coordinator Senior Project [email protected] [email protected]
Foundational capacity building project (co-)financed by GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY
(GEF4)GEF Contribution: aprox. US$ 7 million
Start Date: May 2009 End Date: Feb 2014
UNDP/GEFUNDP/GEF
CLME:CLME:Sustainable Management of the Sustainable Management of the
Shared Living Marine Resources of the Shared Living Marine Resources of the Caribbean and North Brazil Shelf Large Marine EcosystemsCaribbean and North Brazil Shelf Large Marine Ecosystems
CLME+ = 2 LMEs: the CARIBBEAN LME and the NORTH BRAZIL SHELF LME26 countries + >10 dependent territories
CLME+ : 3 distinct ecosystem types support the most important fisheries & biodiversity
1. REEFS & associated habitats2. PELAGIC ecosystem3. CONTINENTAL SHELF ecosystem
CLME TDAs:3 ecosystems, 3+1* (key) problems
* “Climate proofing” of actions: robustness + contributions to enhancing resilience
Degradation
ROOT CAUSES OF THE 3 CLME+ ISSUES
ANALYSIS AND ADVICE: DSS
REVIEW AND EVALUATION & MONITORING
IMPLEMENT-ATION
DECISION MAKING
sLMR governance: sLMR governance: ““running” through the Policy Cyclerunning” through the Policy Cycle
7
DATA & INFORMATION
TRANSBOUNDARY DIAGNOSTIC
ASSESSMENTS
PILOT PROJECTS
CASE STUDIES
GOVERNANCE ANALYSIS
IMS-REMPPROTOTYPE
The development of the CLME SAP
Review of ES G&S Review of ES G&S valuation work in the valuation work in the
CaribbeanCaribbean(CERMES & partners)(CERMES & partners) CLME
STRATEGICACTION
PROGRAMME(SAP)
BASIS FOR THIS PRESENTATION:
• Schumann, P. 2011. Wilmington, NC: University of North Carolina Wilmington (CERMES report for CLME RGF case study)
“The Valuation of Marine Ecosystem Goods and Services in the Caribbean”
• Kushner, B., R. Waite, M. Jungwiwattanaporn, and L. Burke, 2012 (Working Paper. Washington DC: World Resource Institute)
“Influence of Coastal Economic Valuations in the Caribbean: Enabling Conditions and Lessons Learnt”
Ecosystem with the most information
Reefs in the Caribbean: 19,000 km2
Net present value: US$ 49.5 billion
Total Annual Net Benefits: US$ 1.85 billion
Fisheries: US$ 391 millionCoastal Protection: US$ 720 millionTourism/recreation: US$ 663 millionBiodiversity value: US$ 79 million
Status of Marine Valuations in the CLME: Coral Reef Ecosystem
Limited valuation studies availableLimited valuation studies available
Existing valuations: focus on provisioning services Existing valuations: focus on provisioning services commercial fisheriescommercial fisheries
Exceptions: analyses of cultural services (tourism & Exceptions: analyses of cultural services (tourism & recreation) - sports fishing & whale watching:recreation) - sports fishing & whale watching:
billfishing - Puerto Rico: billfishing - Puerto Rico: US$US$ 44 million44 million whalewatching - Dominican Rep. (1999): US$ 5.2 Mwhalewatching - Dominican Rep. (1999): US$ 5.2 M shark diving - Bahamas (2007): US$ 78 millionshark diving - Bahamas (2007): US$ 78 million
Status of Marine Valuations in the CLME: Pelagic Ecosystem
Status of Marine Valuations in the CLME: Continental Shelf Ecosystem
Received the least attention
Limited information available
A few studies exist
commercial shelf fisheries (e.g. shrimp)
Analysis of Economic Valuations Studies within the CLME
Economic valuations studies have been limited to:
o nearshore recreation opportunities (protected areas)
Reef valuations: far more attention than other ecosystem types
o reefs in MPAs received particular attention (recreation & tourism)
Caribbean small-scale fishers: highly dependent on reefs for livelihoods
Pelagic & Continental Shelf ES: valuation work = modest compared to the near shore zones
o market values of capture fisheries, offshore recreational opportunities
Summary
• Economic valuation information available on the Caribbean has increased over the last 30yrs
• Over 200 economic studies on monetary value of marine ecosystems exist (MESP)
Yet, the impact of these studies on policy or decision making regarding
ecosystem/marine resources management are not very clear
Analysis of impacts of Economic Valuations Studies
in the CLME
Valuation studies increased awareness about economic importance of marine ecosystems
Very few valuation studies which have directly influenced policy, legislation or investment
o St. Maarten study helped establishing first national parko Belize’s : legal ban on bottom trawlingo Bonaire study > visitor fee setting: sustainably financed MPA
Valuation to guide decision making: to be done on a scale appropriate to the policy question
WRI’s Coastal Capital series: most impact on raising awareness of the economic values associated with coastal and marine resources
A clear policy question
Local demand for valuation
Strong local partnership & stakeholder engagement
Good governance & high transparency
Opportunities for revenue raising
Effective communications & access to decision makers and/or media A clear presentation of methods,
assumptions & limitation
KEY ELEMENTS KEY ELEMENTS forfor
SUCCESFULSUCCESFULECONOMIC ECONOMIC VALUATION VALUATION
application and application and influenceinfluence
MARKET PRICE APPROACH
REPLACEMENT COST
APPROACH
MARKET PRICE APPROACH
COST (DAMAGE) AVOIDANCEAPPROACH
PRODUCTION FUNCTION APPROACH
TRAVEL COST METHOD
HEDONIC PRICING METHOD
CONTINGENT VALUATION
METHOD
REVEALED PREFERENCE
METHOD
BENEFITS TRANSFER APPROACH
META ANALYSIS
ECONOMIC IMPACT
ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS AND ADVICE: DSS
REVIEW AND EVALUATION & MONITORING
IMPLEMENT-ATION
DECISION MAKING
Policy CyclePolicy Cycle
18
DATA & INFORMATION
STRATEGY 2 (Sust. Fisheries):MANDATES
WECAFC
DAI
AAA
DMIMP
RAE
DAI
AAA
DM
IMP
RAE SICA/
OSPESCA
DAI
AAA
DMIMP
RAEOECSGCFI
DAI
AAA
DMIMP
RAE
DAI
AAA
DMIMP
RAE
CRFM
CRFM
DM = Decision-Making IMP = Implementation RAE = Revision & Evaluation DAI = Data & Informatiion AAA = Analysis & Advice
Economic values associated with the pelagic and continental shelf ecosystems remain largely unspecified
Valuation work continues to be absent from a number of countries (e.g. Central America)
Contribution of reefs & other coastal ecosystems to fisheries production, climate regulation and habitat provision largely undocumented
Gaps within the CLME
Economic impacts related to overfishing largely unexplored:
National economies? Employment? Food security? Tourism?
Valuing the cultural and food security benefits of small-scale fisheries
Valuing the research and education contributions of marine ecosystems
Gaps within the CLME
CLME+ SAP: The Strategic Action Programme for the Sustainable Managment of the Shared
Living Marine Resources of the Caribbean and North Brazil Shelf LME
• High-level endorsed 10-year Strategic Action Programme
• Provides a road-map towards sustainable living marine resources management
• Identifies priority Strategies and Actions within the CLME+
• Advance the implementation of EBM/EAF within the CLME+
DETAILED VISION STATEMENT
adequately valued
CLME SAP:6 main STRATEGIES
and 4 sub-strategies
S1 – Protection of the Marine EnvironmentS2 – Sustainable FisheriesS3 – Inter-sectoral Coordination
S4 – EBM, Reef Ecosystems
S4a Spiny Lobster Fisheries S4b Queen Conch Fisheries
S5 – EAF, Pelagic Ecosystem
S5a Flyingfish Fisheries S4b Large Pelagics Fisheries
S6 – EBM/EAF, Continental Shelf
TRANSBOUNDARY DIAGNOSTIC
ASSESSMENTS
PILOT PROJECTS
CASE STUDIES
GOVERNANCE ANALYSIS
IMS-REMPPROTOTYPE
SAP “UMBRELLA”
Exisitng Projects New ProjectsImplementation of new projects under the SAPsupported by the GEF
The “umbrella” SAP for the CLME
PROJECT / PROGRAMME COORDINATION & OVERSIGHT
Way Forward Obtain better understanding of key conditions for valuation influence on decision-makers
Standardized approaches to monitor and evaluate the influence of valuations Identify and build the capacity of “in-country” champions that understand and can communicate with policy makers on economic valuation
Coordinated approach towards future work on valuation in the region among countries and agencies
Identify mechanisms to allow for an increased interest in valuations for the pelagic and continental shelf ecosystems