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UrbanIT Partner Presentation as per Friday April 16th 2010.
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City Futures Research Centre
Built Environment, UNSW
UrbanIT Partner PresentationA Framework to Support Integrated Metropolitan Planning
Case Study Area: Green Square
Source: Jack Barton
Project Themes: Spatial Decision Support; City Modelling; Metropolitan Strategic Planning; Urban Sustainability & Urban Information ModelsStudy Area: Green SquarePartners: City of Sydney, Department of Planning, LandcomSupported by: Australian Research Council (ARC)Commenced: March 2008Completion: April 2010
Rendering: Jack Barton
The Scale of “Things”
Source: UrbanIT, after Andreas Kohlhaas
The Scale of “Things”
Source: UrbanIT, after Andreas Kohlhaas
Initial Project Aim
“… to demonstrate that a single information framework based on an emerging robust data modelling technology can be exploited to support better decision-making and successful management of metropolitan development in Australia through effective integration of diverse sources of geographic, demographic and planning information.”
(excerpt from Linkage Grant Application)
Specific Project Objective
“… to adapt an information modelling technology that is already gaining wide acceptance in the building industry for modelling at the individual building scale and apply that as an urban information model to facilitate coordinated decision-making based on scientific analyses to accomplish sustainable urban planning and management outcomes.”
(excerpt from Linkage Grant Application)
Rendering: Jack Barton
A Starting Point …
UrbanIT Vision
• Enable a deep understanding of a development within its urban context, rather than in isolation– A significant step beyond urban visualisation– Well informed decision-making– Documented spatial information for large developments– Publically transparent, informed governance– Facilitate local community participation
UrbanIT Approach
• Use of open standards for information management– OGC: Open Geospatial Consortium– ISO IFC: buildingSMART (adapted for urban
models)– Open Solutions
• Use of ontologies to manage integration• Adoption of object-oriented database
management systems (OODBMS)
Neighbouring Developments
• GIS and OGC web services– http://www.opengeospatial.org/pressroom/pressreleases/732 (June 2007)
• City models and CityGML– http://opportunity.bv.tu-berlin.de/software/projects/show/3dcitydb
• Semantic Web and Ontologies• Google Earth and KML• Urban Ontologies (UK Ordnance)
– http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/ontology/
CityGML – Levels of Detail
Source: www.citygml.org
Integrated Data Sources
UrbanIT Framework
extract GIS for feasibility
submit proposal for DA
submit for Strata Title
extract GIS for development
submit for BA
submit for BASIX
submit for METRIX
submit for 319A
decision support
...
UrbanIT Use Cases
Presentation Structure
• Urban Information Model
• Ontologies
• Context Analysis
• Project Compliance Checking
Presentation Structure
• Urban Information Model
• Ontologies
• Context Analysis
• Project Compliance Checking
Urban Information Model
• Building Information Model– Object-based concept
• Urban Information Model– Based on the IFC standard– International Endorsement - buildingSMART
• Model Server Technology– EPM Technology – Norway
Urban Information Model
• Building Information Model– Object-based concept
• Urban Information Model– Based on the IFC standard– International Endorsement - buildingSMART
• Model Server Technology– EPM Technology – Norway
Urban Information Model
• Building Information Model– Object-based concept
• Urban Information Model– Based on the IFC standard– International Endorsement - buildingSMART
• Model Server Technology– EPM Technology – Norway
Urban Information Model
• Building Information Model– Object-based concept
• Urban Information Model– Based on the IFC standard– International Endorsement - buildingSMART
• Model Server Technology– EPM Technology – Norway
Presentation Structure
• Urban Information Model
• Ontologies
• Context Analysis
• Project Compliance Checking
Drivers for Urban Models• Nations are responding to climate change
– The built environment must be sustainable• Planning has many pressure points
– Integration of diverse policy, social and city asset data needs a quantum improvement
• Government and City authorities need better information– Security, emergency, transport, etc, etc
• Adoption of Digital Object Modelling in Australia– Inevitable that BIM will become a primary technology for
the built environment
A change in technology…
Green Square Precinct
Project Site (Lot)
Traditional Approach
Project Design & Documentation
Building Information Modelling
Cadastre – links GIS & BIM “A cadastre (also spelt cadaster), using a cadastral survey[1] or cadastral
map, is a comprehensive register of the (boundary) metes-and-bounds of real property of a country.
A cadastre commonly includes details of the ownership, the tenure, the precise location (some include GPS coordinates), the dimensions (and area), the cultivations if rural, and the value of individual parcels of land”.
To build requires the ownership of land, and only relatively recently has it been possible to own part of a facility, that is a strata title.
cadastraltype
Water Feature Road Lot Railway Unidentified
subType TidalNon-TidalOceanUndefined
PublicPathway
Standard LotStandard PartLotStrataStratum
Parcels, boundary lines, parcel corners, and control points (See http://www.profsurv.com/magazine/article.aspx?i=70278)
SurveyedUnsurveyed100ft wide reserveClosed RoadCrossingACT
[1] See Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadastre
Australian Cadastral Types
Cadastre & Geo-referencing in IFC
• IFC is the open ISO Standard that supports the exchange of whole of life data for buildings – a common language for the built environment
• A complementary development of two activities:
– UNSW, Australia urbanIT Cadastre project and Statsbygg, Norway Geo-referencing project
• Key objectives
– GIS to BIM - precise land data and context to support facility development referenced to map systems
– BIM to GIS - create building models at appropriate levels of detail to support urban planning, control and management
– Achieve an effective integration of diverse sources of geographic, demographic and planning information in BIM
Land Data Conversion
ifcSite entityTwo geometrical representations:• Cadastral boundary• TerrainSpecific Coordinate Reference System
Prototype Urban Repository
Map Reference & Ownership
Object relationships
Strata Title example
Strata Lot parts – Lot 67
Building Element Attributes
Exploring the urban model
• Demonstrate GSq model with SMC– Lot and Road objects and properties– Buildings are located on Sites– Examine Aarlborg and show footprint &
Totalheight property (Google earth demo)– Gadigal building – examine by storey and show
spaces– Pollina Residence – show element properties
Cadastre & the IFC StandardScope
– this work is an enhancement of the current IFC specification (precisely the ifcSite entity)
ITM 44.10 Resolution : – “ITM agrees that the geo-referencing and cadastre
extensions (A Note on Cadastre, v3.02, 18 Jan 2010) in IFC model use as submitted by NO and AC chapters are in principle important and agrees to review the proposal … no less than 6 weeks before the ITM meeting in Korea”.
Achievements• Extension of ISO-PAS 16739 standard (IFC) to
support BIM with cadastral data• IFC at this stage of development provides
– Open format– “richest” object solution for urban modelling– “lighter” solution than CityGML– Multi-disciplinary support for facility life cycle
integrating building services, utilities– Permits holistic urban analysis
Presentation Structure
• Urban Information Model
• Ontologies
• Context Analysis
• Project Compliance Checking
Integration with Ontology
• Ontology– Set of concepts to express a world view
• Web 2.0 – the semantic Web– Concept searching
• Urban Ontologies – current research• Ontology tools – OWL (Web Ontology Language)
– Concept mapping– Queries & reasoning
Integration with Ontology
• Ontology– Set of concepts to express a world view
• Web 2.0 – the semantic Web– Concept searching
• Urban Ontologies – current research• Ontology tools – OWL (Web Ontology Language)
– Concept mapping– Queries & reasoning
Integration with Ontology
• Ontology– Set of concepts to express a world view
• Web 2.0 – the semantic Web– Concept searching
• Urban Ontologies – current research• Ontology tools – OWL (Web Ontology Language)
– Concept mapping– Queries & reasoning
Integration with Ontology
• Ontology– Set of concepts to express a world view
• Web 2.0 – the semantic Web– Concept searching
• Urban Ontologies – current research• Ontology tools – OWL (Web Ontology Language)
– Concept mapping– Queries & reasoning
Presentation Structure
• Urban Information Model
• Ontologies
• Context Analysis
• Project Compliance Checking
Semantic Web Stack
Data encoding
Resource Definition Framework (cf. HTML for Web documents)
Concept definitions
Knowledge management
back
46IFC/Express Schema / Walrus Visualisation
Ontology
Source: Walrus / Jack Barton
47 Source: Walrus / Jack Barton
Green Square Space use from FSES
Source Data: CoS
Ontology mapping
Source: CoS, Walrus, Jack Barton
CONCEPT
FLOORSPACE AND
EMPLOYMENT SURVEY BASIX IFC SCHEMA STRATA SEPP65
SITE(s) Site_2006 tagcadastre IfcSite AddressContext,
Streetscape
BUILDING Building_2006 building_details IfcBuildingFirsthousenum,
'Name'Built form
STOREY Floor_2006building_details
.storeysIfcBuildingStorey
Floor_num (usually NULL)
Scale: Bulk, height
SPACE SpaceUnits_2006 dwelling details IfcSpace, IfcZoneLot_num vs.
unit_numUnits, Room:
Dimension+Shape
PROJECT Establishmentproject_details.tag_cadastre
IfcProject Strata Plan (SP) Process
PERSON Tenant, SurveyorAccredited Assessor
IfcPerson, IfcOccupant
Owner, Organisation
Social Dimensions, Density
Same Same, but different
Mapping
Fuzzy Mapping
Information Leverage & Integration
• Information System Development in Urban Environment
• Characteristics of Data Sources• Challenges in Urban Modelling/Spatial
Decision Support • Advanced Metropolitan Strategic Planning
53
Benefits of Ontologies
• Transparency in data access: Multi-Channel Capability• Domain experts focus on modelling supported by
semantically rich formalism: Partner Connectivity• Providing logic-based inference for automating processing
and reasoning tasks: Real-time, Web Interface• Users face open, unified and user-defined conceptual views• Convenient platform at the levels of the conceptualization for
easy maintenance and reusability: One-stop Experience• Leading to Service-Oriented Computing, diversified/flexible
Business Architecture: Business Process Management• Open Standard: Service Oriented Design
54
Presentation Structure
• Urban Information Model
• Ontologies
• Context Analysis
• Project Compliance Checking
Context Analysis
1. Site context retrieval –Informing a potential DA
2. Visualising as-built performance–A building in a 3D, data-driven context
3. Visualising an application–BIM in LoD:1
LoD:1 Massing+ DCP heights
1. Site context retrieval –Informing a potential DA
2. Visualising as-built performance–A building in a 3D, data-driven context
3. Visualising an application–BIM in LoD:1
Context Analysis
Online interface
Context Model
1. Site context retrieval –Informing a potential DA
2. Visualising as-built performance–A building in a 3D, data-driven context
3. Visualising an application–BIM in LoD:1
Context Analysis
Illustrative Values (VG)
Illustrative Star-rating (BASIX)
1. Site context retrieval –Informing a potential DA
2. Visualising as-built performance–A building in a 3D, data-driven context
3. Visualising an application–BIM in LoD:1
Context Analysis
Aarlborg Site 10398715 DP739598
An Application in Context
CONSIDERATIONS
• Level of detail• Levels of security: open/public data vs private
data• Level of spatio-temporal accuracy: Unverified /
Verified• Custodianship, accountability• Preservation of Spatial Coordinate Systems,
metadata, Three-dimensionality (ANZLIC)
http://www.anzlic.org.au/
UrbanIT STRENGTHS
• OPEN FORMATS EXTENDED• (MOSTLY) OPENSOURCE• DATABASE DRIVEN, WEB DELIVERED• DYNAMIC, SEMANTIC AND (GEO)SPATIAL• LIVE• NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL ORIGINALITY
Presentation Structure
• Urban Information Model
• Ontologies
• Context Analysis
• Project Compliance Checking
Compliance Checking
• Model Server as a Repository– Information model upload
• Compliance Checking– Reports based on information content– Model auditing
• BASIX compliance example– IFC schema & BASIX compliance analysis
Compliance Checking
• Model Server as a Repository– Information model upload
• Compliance Checking– Reports based on information content– Model auditing
• BASIX compliance example– IFC schema & BASIX compliance analysis
Compliance Checking
• Model Server as a Repository– Information model upload
• Compliance Checking– Reports based on information content– Model auditing
• BASIX compliance example– IFC schema & BASIX compliance analysis
Compliance Checking
• Model Server as a Repository– Information model upload
• Compliance Checking– Reports based on information content– Model auditing
• BASIX compliance example– IFC schema & BASIX compliance analysis
Presentation Structure
• Urban Information Model
• Ontologies
• Context Analysis
• Project Compliance Checking
BASIX Assessment
• Chosen as “proof of concept” pilot– Used the NSW Basix Web site (see
http://www.basix.nsw.gov.au)– Mapping specification prepared to
identify any gaps in IFC support• Trial implementation of 5 steps
– Project address, Plan type, Building type & “bedroom” count, Thermal comfort - wall types
Basix – Web Assessment Steps
For each step in the BASIX submission process each data item has been mapped to the appropriate entity in the IFC Specification. In this analysis we have not investigated all details in the system, but we consider that we have been able to interpret everything in principle to support the use of a BIM in IFC format as the means of submitting for BASIX assessment.
Basix IFC MappingExample
Pollina Residence – BASIX Assessment
Process Management - IDM• The IDM (Information Delivery Manual)
defines in the language and perspective of the professional participant (‘submitter’) what information must be contained in a “model exchange”.
• Since the downstream participant (DoP) expects very specific information, data exchanges should be carefully specified to ensure that required information is proved sufficient and complete, including for example naming and classification.
• The EDM model server IDM functions allow the checking of a model to suit specific exchanges
Address details - BASIX
Project (building) type - BASIX
Room type ‘Bedroom’ count - BASIX
Thermal Comfort: wall types
Wall Materials Report – The Beecroft
Auditing & Checking Models
• “Well built” models are models created to a formal guideline or specification
• The CRC-CI has initiated such guidelines(see http://www.buldingSMART.org.au/)
• IFC modelservers have tools and functions to automate such IDMs to validate data conformance, content etc
• Model Guidelines are an essential next step
UrbanIT Strengths
• Better access to planning information• Better communication between experts/non-experts• Better intergovernmental information sharing• Movement away from bureaucratic duplication toward
automation. Text based moving toward spatially enabled secure, logged and verifiable transactions
• Seamless integration with existing planning tools• Ability to see a development in an urban context, rather
than in isolation
What makes this different?
• BIM – extension to form an urban information model
• GIS – achieves better granularity at the urban scale
• Ontologies – for knowledge integration
Exploiting the urban model
• How can the urbanIT framework support planning and local government?– Creation & management of asset data– Compliance checking
• DA assessment• BASIX assessment• Occupancy Certificate and related certification
– Planning policy and analysis– Sustainability & resource analysis
Exploiting the urban model
• How can the urbanIT framework support planning and local government?– Creation & management of asset data– Compliance checking
• DA assessment• BASIX assessment• Occupancy Certificate and related certification
– Planning policy and analysis– Sustainability & resource analysis
Exploiting the urban model
• How can the urbanIT framework support planning and local government?– Creation & management of asset data– Compliance checking
• DA assessment• BASIX assessment• Occupancy Certificate and related certification
– Planning policy and analysis– Sustainability & resource analysis
Exploiting the urban model
• How can the urbanIT framework support planning and local government?– Creation & management of asset data– Compliance checking
• DA assessment• BASIX assessment• Occupancy Certificate and related certification
– Planning policy and analysis– Sustainability & resource analysis
Exploiting the urban model
• How can the urbanIT framework support planning and local government?– Creation & management of asset data– Compliance checking
• DA assessment• BASIX assessment• Occupancy Certificate and related certification
– Planning policy and analysis– Sustainability & resource analysis
Next Steps
• This project has developed a framework that needs continuing development
• The framework now needs strengthening in– The “planning” view– Consultation with more interested parties – other
Local Govt organisations, key consultants, data suppliers
• There are many potential avenues for discussion
Continuing the work…
• Three ideas …– Develop a CoS Model Guideline that enables
FSES data to be updated from a BIM– Develop model-based eDA submissions– Operationalise the Green Square project for
submissions & PRECINX compliance
Project Wrap-up
• Partner reports– Project documentation– Recommendations – Letter needed (template provided)
• Webpage– Download .ppt presentation– Publications in progress, blogs, tutorials– Downloadable (public) ontologies, source code
PARTNERS
UrbanITBill RandolphJim PlumeJack Barton John MitchellDavid MarchantPeter RickwoodHairong YuBruno ParolinBruce Judd
http://urbanit.fbe.unsw.edu.au/
Source: Jack Barton