Unit 4 501 Vocab

Unit 4 : Using Vocabulary Knowledge for Effective Reading

The Problem of old Computers

1. When a computer stops working or is replaced, one of the three things can happen to (1) it. (2) It might be fixed up and given to someone else who can use (3) it. Or perhaps (4) it could be taken apart and the various parts could be recycled. The greatest possibility is that (5) it might be sent to the dump. There (6) it would join countless other computers in filling up the limited dumping space.


2. In the United States, about 10 million computers are thrown away every year! Because most unwanted computer are sent to a dump, (1) they have caused a problem. The computer industry and the government are working on ways to solve (2) it. (3) They have concluded that there must be changes in the way computers are built. (4) They must be made in ways that will allow their parts to be recycled. (5) These include the electronic parts, the glass screen of the monitor, and pieces of the printer.


3. A new company has started to recycled computer parts. When old computers and computer parts are received at the company, (1) they are carefully broken down into parts. (2) These include circuit boards, bits of aluminum, gold, and electronic chips. Eventually, (3) they are all carefully sorted and stored. Then the company sells (4) them to the many customers it has found for used parts.

Pronouns: Reference

Exercise 8#1 1-6 It refers to computer.#2 1. they refers to unwanted computers. 2. it refers to the problem.

3. They refers to the computer in industry and government.

4. They refers to computers.5. These refers to the parts

#3 1. they refers to old computers2. these refers to the parts3. they refers the parts4. them refers the parts

Pedicabs

1. A pedicab is a small cab that is pulled by a bicycle. This human-powered transportation has been popular in Asian countries for many years. Two years ago, a local businessman decided to introduce (1) it in Denver, Colorado. So far, (2) he has four of (3) them on the road. He explained that (4) they do not take the place of taxis, because people use (5) them for short rides. The passengers are often people who don’t want to walk because (6) they are dressed in evening clothes.

Pedicabs

2. The drivers of pedicabs are usually students with strong legs and friendly personalities. (1) They pay the owner $15 to $25 to rent a pedicab for a night. (2) He expects (3) them to keep the cabs in good condition. A typical driver earns about as much as (4) he would by working as waiter. (5) He can keep all the money that passengers pay (6) him. One pedicab driver said that (7) he feels like a businessman. (8) He can earn a good wage and be (9) his own boss.

Pedicabs

3. Pedicabs could be a good addition to the total transportation system in many cities. In Denver, the owner of a pedicab company plans to invest in a total twenty of (1) them. (2) He believes that (3) they will be popular with baseball fans at the new baseball stadium. (4) They can use (5) them to ride to their parked cars or to nearby restaurants. Furthermore, (6) he thinks that pedicabs could help carry some of the crowds at special events like the Olympics. And (7) he thinks (8) they would be useful in port cities where cruise ships dock. Tourists could use (9) them to get from the port.

Exercise 10: Estonia

1. During its history, Estonia was occupied and ruled by forces from Germany, Sweden, and other countries. Nevertheless, this small eastern Europe nation still boasts a rich cultural heritage.

2. The Estonians are especially proud of their historic capital city. The walls and gates of old Tallinn date back to the thirteenth century.

3. A favorite activity of Estonians is singing in groups. They are very fond of giving choral concerts.


4. Every year, an all-Estonian song festival is held. This event is a century-old tradition much loved by everyone.

5. On the square in the center of old Tallinn stands the old city hall. This beautiful medieval building is used now for concerts and special events.

6. Tartu, a smaller city to the southeast of Tallinn, is the home of Estonia’s oldest and largest educational institution. Tartu University is the only university in the world where Estonian is the language of instruction.


7. Both Tallinn and Tartu were originally built to be fortresses. The two strongholds were built on hills with good views of the surrounding countryside.

8. Many Estonians have country homes on the nearby island of Saaremaa in the Baltic Sea. They visit their simple cottages often and plant large gardens there.

9. A controversial organization was recently regcognized by the government. Now the Society of Estonian Nudists can meet legally in their clubs—without clothes.

10. Estonians love a good cup of coffee. In the center of Tallinn, there are many small shops where people can enjoy their favorite beverage.

THE BOSTON GLOBE Tuesday September 4, 2001Broadcaster O’Brien Missing on N.H. Hikeby Thomas C. Palmer, Jr. and Allen Lessels

#1 Conway, N.H. – Rescue teams tramped through the

White Mountains woods into this morning searching For longtime Boston radio, and television broadcaster Ted O’Brien, who failed to return from a hike on Sunday.#2 The 60-year-old midday news anchor for

WBURwent on a solo hike on some difficult and lightlytraveled trails about 10 miles west of the Maine border, according to New Hampshire officials and Studio managers.


#3 When he did not return by evening, O’Brien’s

wife, Susan, called WBUR to say that he was

missing. She notified the Carroll Country, N.H.,

sheriff’s office, which alerted the New Hampshire

Fish and Game Department.

#4 Rescue officials, who used six dogs to help in

the operation, were expected to suspend (their

Search) early this morning and resume at

daylight.


#5 WBUR managers, who held a press briefing

yesterday after, said O’Brien had no health

problems they knew of and that he stayed in

good physical conditions.

#6 Jane Christo, general manager of the National

Public Radio affiliate station at Boston

University, said the staff was optimistic that he

would be found. “The weather is good. Ted is in

good shape. It’s an easy place to get lost.” she

said. (the woods where O’Brien was lost)


#7 But Lieutenant Rick Estes of the Fish and Game

Department, who headed the search said it is difficult territory. (the wood)#8 “As far as terrain, it’s desperate,” he

said. “It’s a very, very nasty place. There’s a lot of ice-damaged trees. The foot trails in that particular area are very, very little used and hard to stay on.” ( The wood where O’Brien was lost.)


#9 It was the second time in eight days that a visitor has disappeared in the White Mountains. A search for Abraham Hauer of Brooklyn, N.Y., ended tragically when well-organized groups of fellow Orthodox Jews found his body last Tuesday near Franconia. Hauer had died of natural causes while hiking.#10 Christo said O’Brien’s wife told her that he had been dressed “appropriately” for a hike, though apparently not for staying out overnight in the mountains. “He (O’Brien)was probably not as equipped as he should have been,“said Estes, who estimated that the low temperature early yesterday would have been in the 40s.

Exercise 12: The Effects of Dumping Hazardous Wastes by Elizabeth A. Mikulecky

(1) In recent years, concern about the environment been growing. (2) The public has become aware of many common, (dangerous dumping practices. (3) These methods of Disposal), some of which have been going on for years, have increased as the population has grown. (4) Recent publicity has drawn public attention to one form of environment pollution—the dumping of hazardous chemical wastes.

(5) These dangerous materials include heavy metals (such as mercury) and other by-products of technology. (6) Such chemicals cause cancer, brain damage, and high infant

mortalityrates.

(7) Dumping of the wastes is difficult to supervise. (8) And, in fact, even careful dumping has resulted in the destruction of whole area.


(9) When wastes are first put into a dump, they are usually sealed in large metal drums. (10) As time passes, the metal rusts, and the waste materials begin to leak out into the surrounding soil. (11) This has two effects on the environment. (12) First, the local soil is often permanently destroyed and it must be removed. (13) It becomes additional hazardous waste to be stored somewhere else. (14) Second, the chemical waste can sink lower and lower into the soil and reach the water tables deep in the earth’s surface. (15) The latter effect produces pollution of the water sources for many miles around. (16) Sometimes the wastes spread into a river bed. (17) From there, they are likely to be carried to one of the oceans, spreading the pollution around the world.


3 these methods of disposal dangerous dumping practices3 some of which dangerous dumping practices5 these dangerous materials hazardous chemical wastes6 Such chemicals heavy methods and byproducts

of technology 9 they wastes11this the leaking of waste materials12it the local soil13 it the soil15The latter effect reach water tablets deep in the

earth17 there the river bed17they wastes

Technology

Unit 4 501 Vocab