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EASYTRIEVE PLUS

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Contents1. Introduction

1.1 CapabilitiesFile accessField DefinitionLogic processFile OutputReport Output

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1.2 Environment.1.2 General Rules.

2 Structure of Easytrieve programs2.1 Description of various sections.2.2 Description of statements.

3 Compilation and Running3.1 Structure of compilation and run JCL.

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Introduction Easytrieve plus is an information retrieval and data

management system It is a primitive form of 4GL whose English like

language and simple syntax provide the tools for easy data retrieval and report generation,

Easytrieve Plus can now produce reports in HTML format. This feature allows you to create reports that can be viewed either from a local disk or LAN or from a World Wide Web server using the Web browser

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Capabilities File access : Easytrieve Plus’ file access features all standard retrieval system

capabilities, and also the following : Accepts upto 890 input or output files. Synchronises file processing (based on keys) of an unlimited

number of files. Tests for file availability and current record count. Provides search of external & instream files. Provides easy method for using temporary files.

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Field Definition: Easytrieve Plus’ methods of defining all types of record

structures and field formats are consistent and easy to use, including :

Defining all field formats, including binary and unsigned packed fields.

Providing flexible edit masks.

Establishing initial values of working-storage fields. Providing default report headings .

Allow multiple use of field definition using COPY keyword, reducing coding and maintenance.

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Logic Process : Easytrieve Plus provides complete conditional logic, including : Provides standard programming constructions such as nested IF,

DO WHILE and PERFORM statements. Supports move for corresponding fields. Sorts on any number of keys.

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File Output : Routine file maintenance is faster and simpler because of

Easytrieve Plus’ enhanced capabilities, including : Allowing an unlimited number of input and output files. Loading and updating files, including VSAM, IMS/DLI, IDMS

and SQL. Saving report extract work files for subsequent use. Provides a selective hex dump of a file or specific fields.

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Report Output : Report generation is the most powerful feature of Easytrieve Plus.

The following features make it widely acceptable to users : Produces unlimited reports from a single pass of the data. Automatically formats reports. Provides customizing alternatives to all report formats. Provides control breaks on any number of keys. Creates summary reports containing subtotals.

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EnvironmentEasytrieve Plus operates on the IBM 370, 30xx,

43xx and compatible processors in the DOS/VSE, OS/VS, MVS/ESA and VM/CMS environments.

Under TSO, CMS and ICCF, Easytrieve Plus can run interactively for data inquiry, analysis and reporting.

The output can be either returned back to the screen or routed to a printer.

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General Rules A colon is used to qualify non-unique field name An asterisk in the first column indicates a

comment. No comments are allowed between continuations lines

A plus sign indicates that the statement continues with the first non-blank character in the next statement area.

12Structure of Easytrieve Program

Easytrieve Programs have three main sections :

Environment Section Library Section One or more Activity Sections

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Environment section

This section is used for customizing the operating environment for the duration of program compilation and execution. This section is optional and if not specified, a default environment is set.

Keyword used in this section : PARM Example : PARM LINK (EZTPGM1)

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DEBUGGING DEBUG parameter of the PARM statement is

used to generate the output which is helpful in analyzing programming errors

DEBUG subparameters are– DMAP - Data definitions for all files and working

storage– FLDCHK - validates all file/field references– FLOW - traces statement logic– STATE - gives statement number of the current

statement executed when abnormal termination occurs

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XREF - produces a cross-reference of field-name, file-names, procedure-names

Examples– PARM DEBUG (DMAP FLDCHK STATE)

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LIBRARY SECTION The Library section of the program is used to

define all input, output and working storage fields used in the program

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The FILE statement describes an input or output file and is coded in the Library section.

The syntax isFILE ddname IS [ES] [F] F lrecl V maxlrecl+4 U blksize

FB (lrecl blksize) VB (maxlrecl+4 maxblksize+4)

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Field Definition Statement field-name start-location field-length

+ data-type [decimal-positions] + [HEADING ‘literal’] + MASK ([letter] [BWZ] [‘literal’]) [VALUE literal] [RESET]

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Field-name Field name must be unique within a file. The name can be 1 to 40 alphanumeric

characters. Special characters can be used, but not

delimiters

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Start-location The start location of a filed is the position of

its first character of data relative to the position of the first character of data in the record

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Defining data structure:

Type Max. Length

A Alphanumeric 32, 767 N Numeric 18 P Packed 10 U Unsigned Packed 9 B Binary 4

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HEADING Parameter

used to specify an alternative column heading for a field

Eg. CL-NAME 5 20 A HEADING + ‘CLIENT NAME’ produces the column heading as CLIENT NAME

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MASK An Edit mask is a pattern of characters specifying

how non-alphanumeric data is to be printed. Alphanumeric fields cannot be edited. An edit mask is created using combinations of the following characters:

9 Formats digits. Z Suppresses Leading zeroes * Replaces leading zeroes with an asterisk - Prints a minus sign prior to the first non-zero

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MASK digit of a negative number

$ Prints a currency symbol prior to the first non- zero digit.

Eg. For Date ‘Z9/99/99’ For Negative number ‘-,---,9.99'

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MASK ([letter] [BWZ] [‘literal’])

Letter is used to name the edit mask that follows it. If we name a mask, we can reuse it on other field definitions just by specifying the name. A name can be any letter from A thru Y.

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BWZ (Blank When Zero) specifies that a field should not be printed if the entire field contains zeroes

System Default MasksPAY 10 5 N 0 - ‘ZZ,ZZZ-’PAY 10 5 N 2 - ‘ZZZ.99-’PAY 10 5 N - ‘99999’

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REDEFINITION Redefinition can be done in the following DOB 103 6 N MM 103 2 N

DD 105 2 N YY 107 2 N

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Working Storage fields can be defined by

specifying W as the start location VALUE option in the field definition statement is

used to initialize the contents of a working storage field.

RESET - restores the field to its initial value whenever JOB or SORT is executed

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Activity section

An activity section can be one of two type : JOB or SORT

A JOB activity is where program logic is coded. It can also contain a REPORT subactivity which generates the formatted report

The SORT activity is simply used to sort the data before doing other processing

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JOB activity

Syntax:JOB INPUT (file-name) START proc-name] +

NULL [FINISH proc-name]

SQL

file-name :Automatic input files to the activity.

proc-name :Procedures to run at the start and/or finish of the activity.

– START to identify a procedure to be executed during initiation of the JOB activity

– FINISH to identify a procedure to be executed during the normal termination of the JOB activity

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Sort activity

This section is used to sort a data file. Syntax: SORT file-1 TO file-2

USING (field1 [D]…) +

[BEFORE proc-name]

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JOB STATEMENT It identifies the name of the input file Syntax

JOB INPUT [file-name] + [NAME job-name]

The optional name parameter names the JOB activity. It can be up to 40 characters long. It can begin with A-Z or 0-9, it cannot consist of all numeric characters. This parameter is for documentation only.

33 Processing within a JOB activity is dependent on the

condition (IF) statements in the program Syntax IF field-one (EQ OR NE OR GT OR GE OR

LT OR LE) (FIELD TWO OR LITERAL OR ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION)

[Statements executed for true IF] [ELSE] [Statements executed for false IF] [END-IF]

34ASSIGNEMENT STATEMENT

The Assignment statement establishes a value in a filed.

Syntaxfield-name [INTEGER] [ROUNDED OR TRUNCATED] EQ field-name-2 or literal or arithmetic expression

The are 4 arithmetic operations *, /, + and -

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If INTEGER is used with TRUNCATED then only the INTEGER function is performed.

INTEGER, ROUNDED and TRUNCATED are valid only with Numeric fields only

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REPORT The are two parts to every report subactivity

REPORT Statement - which specifies the type and physical characteristics of the report

Report Definition Statements - which defines the content of the report

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REPORT Statement Report Statement is first coded in the report

subactivity Syntax

REPORT report-name +[PAGE SIZE nn] [LINE SIZE nn] +[SKIP nn] [SPACE nn] [NO ADJUST] +[NODATE] [NOPAGE] [NOHEADING] +[LIMIT nn] [EVERY nn]

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PAGESIZE -Lines per page (Default is 58) LINESIZE-Length of each line (132) SKIP -Number of blank lines to be inserted

between line groups (0) SPACE -Number of blank lines inserted

between field columns and between fields and literals in title and detail lines(3)

NOADJUST -Requests that the title lines and report be left-justified on the page. The default is for the report to be centered on the page

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NODATE -Inhibits printing the date in positions one through eight of the first title line

NOPAGE -Inhibits the printing of a page number.

NOHEADING-Inhibits the printing of column headings

LIMIT -Limits the number of records printed on the report

EVERY -Specifies that only every nth line is printed in the report

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Report Definition Statements This is the second part of a report subactivity and

these statements define the content of the report. This has to be coded immediately after the REPORT statement in the following order– SEQUENCE– CONTROL– SUM– TITLE– HEADING– LINE

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SEQUENCE This statement allows to specify the order of the data in

the report Sequence can be done on any field from input file or any

W working storage field Sequence fields are stated in major to minor order Sequence order is ascending. Coding D after a field-

name reverses the order for that field only. Syntax

SEQUENCE field-name-1 [D] …. +field-name-n [D]

42CONTROL

A CONTROL Statement specifies that a report should automatically accumulate and print totals. A control break occurs whenever the value of any control field changes or end-of-report is reached

A CONTROL field can be any nonquantitative field from any input file or working storage field

At each control break, the totals are printed for the quantitative fields specified in the report

Unlimited number of control fields can be specified.

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Fields are coded on the CONTROL statement in a major to minor order.

SyntaxCONTROL Field-name NEWPAGE NOPRINT

FINAL RENUM – Final totals are automatically provided. You can alter

the default by coding FINAL NOPRINT– NOPRINT following any field-name or FINAL

suppresses the printing of totals at that control break.

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NEWPAGE following any field or FINAL causes a new page with page numbers beginning at one after the printing of the control break totals (in case of final, before the printing of the final totals)

RENUM following any field or final causes a new page with page numbers beginning at one after the printing of the control break totals (in case of FINAL before the printing of the final totals)

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SUM The SUM statement specifies the quantitative

fields to be totaled for a control report Normally easytrieve Plus totals all quantitative

fields specified on the LINE statement, but the sum statement overrides this process.

Only the fields specified on the SUM statement are totalled.

SyntaxSUM quant-field-1 ….. quant-field-n

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TITLE STATEMENT The TITLE statement allows you to define a title for the

report. Up to 99 titles are permitted.Syntax

TITLE [nn] +/- nn field-name COL nn literal +/-nn is used to alter the normal spacing between

literals or fields on the title lines (nn spaces are added to or subtracted from the SPACE parameter

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COL nn specifies the print column number where the next title item is to begin.

If this option is specified then NOADJUST should also be specified on the REPORT statement

If no TITLEs are coded, the date and page number are not printed.

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HEADING STATEMENT The HEADING subactivity OVERRIDES a

HEADING parameter coded in the Library section

SyntaxHEADING field-name (‘literal’ ….)

Eg. HEADING EMP-NO (‘EMPLOYEE’ ‘NUMBER’)

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LINE STATEMENT The LINE statement defines the content of a

report line. LINE 1 is used to designate headings for the

report columns.Syntax LINE nn +/-nn field-name POS nn literal COL nn

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+/- is used to alter the normal spacing between line items. nn is added to or subtracted from the SPACE parameter

POS is for aligning fields under the corresponding column heading positions indicated on the LINE 1 statement.

COL nn specifies the print column number where next field is to begin.

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TALLY TALLY is a system defined field for control

reports. It contains the number of detail records printed

within each control break and can be printed on the report.

It can only be used in control reports and the value of TALLY only appears on summary lines.

52 Relative start-location

– We can define the start-location of a field relative to a previously defined position in the record.

– Relatively defining a start-location eliminates the need to identify the actual start-location of a field

– This is most useful when we create output filesExample

EMP# * 5 NNAME * 16 AFILLER1 * 10 NADDRESS * 39 AThe ADDRESS field would then start in pos 32 in the

record

53 Relative Redefinition

– You can relatively redefine a field by designating the original field-name as the starting location for all subsequent fields in the redefinition

– ExampleDOB W 6 NMM DOB 2 NDD DOB +2 2 NYY DOB +4 2 NThe starting position of the redefined field is designated by

using the original field plus the sum of the lengths of all previous fields used in the redefinition.

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STOP STATEMENT A STOP statement allows you to terminate an

activity Syntax

STOP [EXECUTE] STOP ends the current activity and goes on to the

next activity if additional activities are coded. STOP EXECUTE immediately terminates all

EASYTRIEVE PLUS execution.

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DISPLAY A DISPLAY statement sends data to a specified

output file or output device. This is commonly used

– For error messages.– For highlighting reports.– For hex display of selected information

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DISPLAY [file-name] NEWPAGE +INTEGER + SKIP number COL integer POS integerliteral-1 ….. Literal-n

field-name-1 ….. Field-name-n If you specify the file-name, EASYTRIEVE

PLUS prints data to the named file. If file name is not specified the default is SYSPRINT/SYSLST (EASYTRIEVE PLUS output files)

57 NEWPAGE option specifies that a skip to a new page occurs before the data is printed.

SKIP option specifies that the designated number of lines are skipped before the data is printed.

Coding integer modifies the horizontal spacing between display items.

The COL integer option specifies the print column number where EASYP places the next display item.

The POS integer option on DISPLAY statements within report procedures causes the next display item to be positioned under the corresponding position on LINE 1 statement.

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Syntax (Format II)DISPLAY [file-name] NEWPAGE HEX field-name

SKIP number file name In this format , EASYTRIEVE PLUS produces a

hexadecimal and character dump of the current record or the specified field-name

The parameter other than HEX, operate the same as in Format I

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REPORT statement Syntax

– REPORT report-name [DTLCTL FIRST] EVERY

NONE [SUMCTL HIAR DTLCOPY] NONE

TAG [SUMMARY] [SUMFILE file-name] [PRINTER file-name]

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DTLCTL determines when control field values are printed on detail lines :

FIRST detail line (Default) EVERY detail line NONE of the detail lines

SUMCTL determines when control field values are printed on total summary lines

HIAR prints all fields from major control to minor control as far as the breaking field. This is default.

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NONE inhibits printing of control field values on total lines

TAG prints the control field name and the literal TOTAL on the left side of the subtotals

DTLCOPY print all values from detail lines onto summary lines

SUMMARY produces a summary report that contains only total lines.

SUMFILE generates a summary file.

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values for all control and summed fields at each minor break.

The summary file can be process by subsequent JOB activities

Summary file can be requested by defining the file in the library and then creating it via REPORT SUMFILE parameter.

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VFM Virtual File Manager (VFM) provides an easy

method for establishing temporary work files without special job control or file allocation statements.

It is a sequential access method for program work files

It dynamically allocates space in memory for work files when sequencing a report or when producing multiple reports

64 CALL Statement invokes an external subprogram. The called program is an existing program in another

language Syntax

CALL program-name USING field-name …… + RETURNS field-name-2

GOTO or GO TO statement is used to modify the natural top-to-bottom logic flow in a programSyntaxGO TO or GOTO label/JOBA label can be up to 40 characters long and it must be in

the same activity or procedure

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FILE PROCESSING EASYTRIEVE PLUS process the following file

types– SAM– ISAM– VSAM– IMS/DLI– IDMS

File processing can be done either Automatically (using JOB or SORT) or programmer controlled (using GET, PUT, READ, WRITE …)

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The GET Statement retrieves the next record of the named file into the file input area

Syntax GET file-namefile-name is input file nameEOF - Test of end-of-file when using the GET

command

PUT statement outputs a file sequentially Syntax

PUT outfile [FROM file-name]

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File processing fields RECORD-LENGTH is a two byte binary field with

zero decimal places used for all file types to determine or establish the length of the current data record. For variable length records, this field contains only the length of the records data

RECORD-COUNT is a read-only four byte binary field with zero decimal places which contains the number of logical I/O operations performed on a file

FILE-STATUS contains the results of most recent I/O operations on a file

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TABLES A table is a collection of uniform data records in

a form suitable for quick reference– A search argument (keyword ARG) that uniquely

identifies that entry– A description (Keyword DESC) is the data associated

with the argument The user’s objective is to obtain the description

from a table of values based on the search argument

69 A table file must be arranged in ascending order

by argument No duplicate arguments can be places in the file A minimum of three entries are required in a

table Syntax FILE file-name TABLE INSTREAM literal

– INSTREAM denotes that the table file immediately follows the file description

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Literal specifies the number of entries in an external table. Specify a value here only if the number of entries is greater that 256

ENDTABLE must be the last entry in the instream table data

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Instream exampleFILE STATTBL TBLE INSTREAM ARG 1 2 N DESC 4 15 A01 ALBAMA02 ALASKA03 ARIZONAENDTABLE

72 SEARCH statement is used to perform an in-core

binary search of a table. Syntax SEARCH file-name WITH field-name-1 GIVING field-name-2

Field-name-1 is the name of a field which contains a value that is compared to the search argument

Field-name-2 is the name of a field into which the description is places if a match exists between field-name-1 and the search argument.

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Example of an Easytrieve program

FILE PERSNL FB(150 1500)NAME 17 8 AEMP# 9 5 NDEPT 98 3 N

NET 90 4 P 2GROSS 94 4 P 2

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JOB INPUT PERSNL NAME FIRST-PGM*REPORT PAY-RPT LINESIZE 80

SEQUENCE DEPARTMENT NAMECONTROL DEPARTMENTTITLE 01 ‘PERSONNEL REPORT’ TITLE 02 ‘SECOND TITLE’HEADING EMP# (‘EMPLOYEE’ ‘NUMBER’)LINE 01 NAME DEPT EMP# +GROSS NET

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OUTPUT09/03/01 PERSONAL REPORT PAGE 1

SECOND TITLE EMPLOYEENAME DEPT NUMBER GROSS NET RAJ 911 01963 445.50 300.00RAMAN 01234 100.00 100.00 911 545.50 400.00 SUMIT 912 24689 100.00 200.00 912 100.00 200.00 645.50 600.00

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Structure of compilation and run JCL //jobname accounting info //STEPNAME EXEC PGM=EZTPA00,REGION=300K //SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=* //SYSLIN DD DSN=obj-module-dsn,DISP=… //SORTWK01 DD UNIT=SYSDA,SPACE=(CYL,1) //EZTVFM DD UNIT=SYSDA,SPACE=(CYL,1) //userfile DD dd-parms //SYSIN DD DSN=program-ds,DISP=SHR

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Thank You