ENERGY

By Jesús Castillo, Noelia Martín, Martín Mora and Emma

Palazon.

STUDENT ONE

TYPES OF ENERGY

We can obtain energy from heat, light…

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Kinetic Energy: Something or someone in

movement.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Potential energy: (Stored energy) Related on theposition of something.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Three types of potential energy:

Elastic potential energy: When objects are

compressed and stretched.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Gravitational potential energy: Depending on

the position of gravitational field.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Chemical potential energy: Stored in the

bonds of chemical compounds.

For example: When gasoline is burned.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Electrical energy: Energy electrons carry.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Thermal Energy: Energy related to the

temperature.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Electrochemical Energy: In batteries.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Electromagnetic Radiation: For example:

.light

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Sound energy: Related with the vibration and

disturbance of matter.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Nuclear Energy: Energy in the nucleus of an

atom.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Mechanical Energy: Related to the motion

(kinetic energy) and position (potential

energy) of something.

TYPES OF ENERGY.

Magnetic Energy: Energy in magnetic fields.

TYPES OF ENERGY

Ionization Energy: To move one or more

electrons from a neutral atom.

RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE

Some examples are:

RENEWABLE ENERGY.

Each source has its own specific advantages

and disadvantages.

RENEWABLE ENERGY.

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY.

STUDENT TWO.

Non-renewable energy sources: It is a

source that can only be replaced by the pass

of time

USE OF FOSSIL FUELS

COAL: It comes from dead plants and it is

used as an energy resource(by burning it)

and also for industrial purposes.

PETROLEUM: It is use in manufacturing

many materials.

USE OF FOSSIL FUELS

GAS: It is use for producing heat by burning it.

NUCLEAR ENERGY: It is use for generating

heat and electricity by nuclear fission

RENEWABLE ENRGY SOURCES

Come from nature

Regenerate in a short period of time and do not contaminate

Examples: sun, wind, water, Earth heat, tides, and biomass

The force of wind move the sails . The sun rays hit the solar panels

of the windmill producing energy transmiting their energy to the electrons

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING

Sun: Photovoltaic solar power:

- Is obtained directly from solar radiation

- Electricity is produced by the use of semiconductor plates whichgenerate electricity when light hit them

- Solar installations:_Photovoltaic cells are conected to form photovoltaic panels

_Photovoltaic panels are conected toguether to get the energy level wewish

_This energy can be stored in batteries so that it can be used when thereis no solar light

Solar panels are photovoltaicSemiconductor plates

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING

Solar Thermal Energy: Way of producing electricity similar to the one of the

power plants

The water vapuor is produced by by the heat of the sun

Requires a high concentration of solar radiation

A field of mirros is used to fix the direction of the raystoward a tower

field of mirrors

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING

Solar ThermalPower:

Is the simpliest of the ways to harness solar energy

It is mainly used to heatup water for a domesticuse

To do these we need a collector, this will be heatby solar radiation and a thermally insulated tank.

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING

Wind: Wind turbines:

Are about 80 meters tall

Are made up of a tower, a generator and three blades

Wind move the blades

In the generator, the kinetic energy produced by the movement of the blades is transformed into electricenergy

This energy goes down the tower through a nationalcable that then goes underground

HARNESSING

Biomass: It is the energy produced by firewood or other similar products

When talking to energy, biomass can reffer to:

Agricultural waste: such as excrements or crop remains

Forest waste: such us brocken branches

Energy crops: this crops grown just with energetical porpuses

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING

Urban waste: organic waste form homes and restaurants

Uses:

We have to process this sources so that they are more appropieted

Once the materials are processed, we used them to produce energy

They are mostly used as fuel in thermal plants

In this thermal plants we produce electrycity by the combustion of this products

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING

Geothermal:

Is the energy produced in the insides of the Earth

Used to:

Heat up water so that the water vapour causes the movement of a turbine connected to an alternator, so that it generates electricity. This

process occur in geothermal

power plants

To heat up the water from

the heating systems of houses

and cities

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING

Tidal power: Is the energy produced by the potential energy of the tides

It is used to produce electricity in hydroelectric powerplants

TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING

Wave energy: Is the energy obtained by the movement of the waves

the waves get inside the air chamber, then when the sea level rises, the air

is pushed upward making a

movement in the turbine which is

conected to a generator that

transform this movementinto

electricity

ELECTRICAL ENENRGY

Electrical energy carried by moving electrons in an electric conductor.

It cannot be seen.

It one of the most useful forms of energy because it is relatively easy to transmit and use.

Matter consists of atoms.

atoms contains electrons(movement).

GENERATION

Generators are the devices that transfer kinetic energy into electrical energy.

Turning generators directly

Generators can be turned directly,

for example, by:

-wind turbines

-hydroelectric turbines

-wave and tidal turbines

When electricity is generated using wave, wind, tidal or hydroelectric power there are two steps:

-The turbine turns a generator.

-Electricity is produced.

Turning generators indirectly

These are the steps by which electricity is generated from fossil fuels:

1.Heat is released from fuel and boils the water to make steam.

2.The steam turns the

turbine.

3. The turbine turns a

generator and

electricity is produced.

4.The electricity goes

to the transformers

to produce the correct

Voltage.

TYPES OF GENERATING

Thermal generation: is the process of

generating electricity from heat.

-Heat is a form of energy.

-Heat energy can be produced by burning

fuels such as coal, oil, gas or wood.

Hydroelectricity :it is one of the oldest and most widely used energy resources in North America.

- It is generated when water passes through a dam to turn a turbine and generate energy.

- is entirely renewable.

Nuclear power plants:

-It is utilized for the generation and distribution of electric power

-These are generally located at the sub-urban regions or several kilometers away from the cities or the load centers.

PROCESS:

1. water is turned into steam, which in turn drives turbine generators to produce electricity.

2. At nuclear power plants, the heat to make

the steam is created when uranium atoms

split this is called fission.

TRANSMISSION

Electricity is transmitted mainly through overhead lines or underground cables.

The electricity transmission systems must be designed in ways which reduce this loss of current as much as possible.

- High voltage transmission: Electricity generated in power stations is raised to a very high voltage for transmission. This is to reduce the current flow to the transmission cables.

- Electrical Transmission by Overhead

Wire.

Overhead lines are held high above the ground

by metal towers called pylons.

- Low Resistance Transmission Wire

The power loss in the transmission

wire Ploss is directly proportional to the

resistance R of the wire. The lower the

resistance, the lower will be the power loss.

DISTRIBUTION

The electricity is removed from the transmission system and passed through step-down transformers that lower the voltage.

The electricity is then transferred onto your local electric network of distribution lines and delivered to your home.

There, the electricity's voltage is lowered again by a distribution transformer and passed through your electric meter into your home's network of electric wires and outlets.

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

Energy is the capacity of a physical system

to perform work.

Environment: the air, water, and land in or

on which people, animals and plants live.

EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY SAVING

Energy efficiency is using less energy to provide the same service.

- to combat climate change, clean the air we breathe, improve the competitiveness of our businesses and reduce energy costs for consumers.

Saving energy:

- Close your exterior doors and window.

- Set your dishwashers on economy

mode.

- Turn off your oven or burners

- Keep the oven door closed

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Generation

- The environmental impact of

electricity generation is significant

because modern society uses large

amounts of electrical power.

- This power is normally generated at

power plants that convert some other kind of

energy into electrical power.

Transmission.

- The amount of impacts from the construction of a transmission line can be measured in several different ways. Useful methods of quantifying impact are measurements of area (acreage), distance (miles or feet), and the number of poles.

Distribution.

- The most important environmental

impacts of our operations are the

consumption of natural resources,

greenhouse effect and acidification

caused by air emissions, occasional

noise, and environmental impacts caused

by construction.

USE OF ENERGY.

We divide our energy use among four economic sectors: residential, commercial, transportation, and industrial.

In the United States alone, energy consumption is expected to rise 13% over the next two decades. Global consumption is expected to increase by 44% over the same time period.