By: Parshant BakshiAssociate Professor, Fruit Science – SKUAST - J

TrainingKVK, Jammu, R.S. Pura.13th March, 2015

Status of Protected Cultivation in India and Abroad

• Introduction

• Protected structures for fruit crops

•Uses of Protected structures

• Insect proof house

• Types of Protected structures

•Hi-Tech Green house

Contents

Introduction

Protected cultivation can be defined as a cropping technique where the micro climate surrounding the plant body is controlled partially/fully as per the requirement of the plant species grown during their period of growth.

Why to have cultivation of protected structure

• Crops could be grown under inclement climatic conditions when it is not possible to grow in open field.

• Efficient utilization of precious inputs like water and nutrients.

• Early nursery and early cropping.

• Superior quality of the produce.

• Effective control against diseases, insect pests.

• Reduced expenditure on weed control.

• Protection against heavy rains, hails, birds etc.

Protected cultivation: An overview in India and Abroad

• In India, protected cultivation technology for commercial production is hardly three decades old.

- Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO)

• In developed countries viz., Japan, Holland, Russia, UK, China and others, it is about two century old.

• China started protected cultivation in 1990’s and today the area under protected cultivation in China is more than 2.5 m ha and 90 per cent area is under vegetables

• Israel is one country which has taken big advantage of this technology by producing quality fruits, vegetables, flowers, etc. in water deficit desert area

Protected cultivation: An overview in India and Abroad

• Several thousand acres are now under glass in the United States and equally large area in England and Holland, where horticulture under glass was practiced over a century ago.

• The international associations with countries such as Israel are expected to act as a major boost to the protected cultivation in India.

• The total greenhouse area in India at the end of ninth plan period was estimated to be 800 ha. Ladakh region of J&K has the maximum number of units i.e. more than 14,000 and each unit is about 50 sq. mt.

• In Himachal Pradesh, the total area under protected cultivation has been estimated to be 137 ha.

Protected structures for Fruit crops

Plastic Tunnel

i.High tunnelii.Low tunnel

Greenhouse

Net house

Plastic Mulch

Lath house

Protected structures

HIGH TUNNEL LOW TUNNEL

NET HOUSE POLYHOUSE

Uses of protected structure

Propagationi.Raising of seedlingii. Runner production in Strawberryiii. Buddingiv. Grafting

Production

Protectioni. Frostii. Heatiii. Rain and hailiv. Pest and diseases

Uses of protected structure

Planting material Propagation Strawberry

Quality planting material

Mango Aonla

Guava

Insect Net Houses

50,000 virus free kinnow plants produced and sold to farmers

In Hisar, Haryana

3.0 lakh root-stock prepared under soil less media for citrus 50,000 papaya plants produced under protected cultivation

Citrus and pomegranate plants grown under protected cultivation

Citrus Pomegranate

Types of protected structure

Wooden framed structurePipe framed structure

Truss framed structure

Green house types: Based on covering material

Glass glazing

Fibre glass reinforced plastic (FRP) glazing

Plastic film

i.UV stabilized film

ii. Net house

Green house types: Based on covering material

High costMedium cost

Low cost

Environmental parameters in Polyhouse

In our surrounding atmosphere CO2 conc. is 0.03% means 300 ppm. Plants use this CO2 for photosynthesis.

In poly house, during night time there is no photosynthesis but CO2 is given out through respiration.

This CO2 remain accumulated around plants hence the CO2 conc. is higher inside the polyhouse as compared to outside and this CO2 is again used by plants growing in poly house for rapid photosynthesis.

For healthy and maximum growth of plant, the temperature requirement is between 260C to 300C during day time and 150C to 180C in night.

The frame work of poly house is covered by polythene hence inner temperature can rise up to 400C.

To control the temperature inside the poly house, ventilation as well as cooling pads and fans are used.

Environmental parameters in Polyhouse

Active heating

Active cooling

Utility of Greenhouse

Light in polyhouse

Light is the most critical factor in polyhouse.

The brightness of light is measured in lux.

In polyhouse technology light is controlled in such a way that plant receive maximum visible light and remaining light get reflected back i.e. outside the polyhouse.

For healthy growth of crop in poly house, minimum requirement of light is 50,000 to 60,000 lux.

Hi-Tech Green House

Greenhouse technology is the most practical way of achieving the goal of protected cultivation

A greenhouse is a framed structure covered with transparent or translucent material (usually U.V. stabilized) wherein the environment could be modified suitable for the propagation or growing of plants.

Hanging Strawberry

Strategies for boosting production in protected structures

Assurance of Quality seeds/nursery/ other planting material suitable for protected structures Regular uninterrupted power supply to maintain optimal growing conditions in protected structures.

Self help group with scientific support for multiplication of quality planting material, Large-scale motivation and training of educated unemployed youths in the field of protected cultivation.

Government should support needs to be extended for self fabrication module of temporary low cost structures. Large-scale promotion of low pressure drip irrigation system should be ensured for low-cost small-scale protected cultivation.

To Contact

Call: 00-91-9419101601Email: parshantskuastj@gmail.comWebsite: www.krishisandesh.com

Thank You