Spanish 2 Grammar Concepts

Bella Flaherty

Table of Contents- First Quarter

1. Ser 2. Estar3. Verbs like Gustar4. Hacer Expressions5. El Pretérito and Trigger Words6. Car, Gar, y Zar7. Spock 8. Cucaracha 9. Snake10. Snakeys11. Affirmative Commands12. Negetive and Irregular Commands13. DOPs14. IOPs 15. Se Impersonal

D

O

CT O R

PE

D1. Ser

Description, Origin, Characteristics, Time, Occupation, Relationship,

Possession, Event, Date

SER

H

E

L

P

I

N

G

ESTAR

Health

Emotions

Location

Present Condition

Present Participles.Rules:• -ar to –ando• -er and –ir to –

iendo or -yendo

2. Estar

3. Verbs Like Gustar

• These verbs follow the same conjugation as gustar with doler having an e stem changer.

1. Faltar- to lack2. Doler- to hurt3. Fascinar- to fascinate4. Molestar- to bother• EXPs: Te falta pelo. Nos gustan los libros.

4. Hacer Time Expressions

Hace

Time

Que

Verb

Present Tense is since and for. Example: Hace tres dias que no tengo problemas con Pablo.

Preterite Tense is ago. Example: Hace una semana que desapareció.

5. El Pretérito

• It is a definite time in the past, and has a beginning or an ending.

• Trigger words that you could assume may deal with this are:

Ayer AnocheEl año pasadoLa semana pasadaAnte ayer

-í -imos

-iste -isteí s

-ió -ieron

ER

-í -imos

-iste -isteís

-ió -ieron

IR

5. El Pretérito Cont.

-é -amos

-aste -asteís

-ó -aron

El Pretérito Irregulars

• There are 3 main types of Irregular Pretérito verbs we have learned about. They are:

Car, Gar, y ZarCucarachaSpock

6. Car, Gar, y Zar Irregulars

Car Gar Zar-qué -camos

-caste casteís

-có -caron

-gué -gamos

-gaste -gasteís-gó -garon

-cé -zamos

-zaste -zasteís

-zo -zaron

7. Spock Irregulars!

• 3 different groupings.• The words in each grouping are conjugated

the same way.• The groupings are:1. IR y SER2. DAR y VER3. HACER

7. SPOCK

IRSER

IR- to go SER- to be

Fui Fuimos

Fuiste Fuisteís

Fue Fueron DAR

VER

DAR- to give VER- to see

I Imos

Iste Isteís

Io Ieron

HACER

HACER…. TO MAKE OR DO

Hice Hicimos

Hiciste Hicisteís

Hito Hicieron

8. Cucaracha

• Endings for all are the same:

-e -imos

-iste -isteis

-o -ieron

Andar- aduvEstar- estuvPoder- pudPoner- pusQuerer- quisSaber- supTener- tuvVenir- vin

Conducir- condujProducir- produjTraducir- tradujDecir- dijTraer- traj

8. Cucaracha Verbs!

9. Snake

10. Snakeys

11. Affirmative Commands

• Steps:1. Put verb in ‘yo’ form2. Change to opposite vowel. Ar to e er/ir to a3. If plural add a ‘n’4. Then, add DOP to end ONLY IF POSITIVE• Example: Comalo!

12. Negetive Commands

• Steps are same as affirmative except you may not add the DOP to the end of the verb. It must go before it.

• Example: Lo coma!

12. Irregular Commands

13. DOPs

• Answers the question of what is receiving the direct action of the verb.

• DOPs are : lo, la, los, las, me, te, nos, se• You must have a DOP in order to have an IOP,

however in a sentence you always put the IOP behind the DOP.

14. IOPs

• Answers the question to whom or for whom. • IOPs are: me, te, le, nos, os, les. Because you

can’t have two “l” IOP/DOP le and les can be changed to se.

• Example: I gave it to her. Se lo di! Gave=verb=di it=DOP=lo her=IOP=se