SPANISH GRAMMAR

Mateo McCauley

Ser vs. Estar Ser-to be Estar-to be Estar is a temporary form of “to be”, while

ser is a more permanent form. Ser is used when talking about: time, events,

possession, occupations, characteristics, dates, events, origin, and relationships.

Estar is used when talking about: present progressive, health, emotions, location, and present condition.

Ser vs. Estar

Ser

• Soy• Eres• Es• Somos• Son

Estar

• Estoy• Estas• Está• Estamos• Están

•Yo soy de México. (I am from Mexico)•Tú estas en México. (you are in Mexico)•Miguel esta muy cansado. (Miguel is very tired)•Es cinco y media. (It is 5:30)

Preterite

The “Preterite” is a verb that expresses what happened in the past.

A verb is conjugated differently in preterite form, then in present tense form.

Also, a trigger word is used to show that a verb will be in preterite form.Ayer: yesterday Anoche: lastnightAño pasado: past year

Conjugation of Preterites

-é -amos

-aste

-ó

-aron

-í -imos

-iste

-ió

-ieron

-AR -ER/-IR

-Car, -Gar, -Zar

These irregular preterite verbs change in the “yo” form.-Car: -qué-Gar: -gué-Zar: -cé

Jugar: JuguéAlmorzar: AlmorcéBuscar: Busqué

Snake Verbs

Snake verbs are verbs that change in the third person preterite.

• Dormí• Dormiste• Durmío• Dormimos• Durmieron

Dormir

• Serví• Serviste• Sirvío• Servimos• Sirvieron

Servir

Snakey Verbs

Verbs that change when there are three vowels in a row.

Leer-Leyó Oír- Oyó

Imperfect Tense

The imperfect tense is the preterite that is used when there is no specific beginning and ending of an event.

-Ar

• -aba• -abas• -aba• -ábamos• -aban

-Er/Ir

• ía• -ías• -ía• -íamos• -ían

Imperfect Irregulars

Ir

• Iba• Ibas• Iba• Íbamos• Iban

Ser

• Era• Eras• Era• Éramos• Eran

Ver

• Veía• Veías• Veía• Veíamos• Veían

Spock verbs

Ir/Ser:Fui, Fuiste, Fue, Fuimos, Fueron

Dar/Ver:Di, Diste, Dio, Dimos, DieronVi, Viste, Vio, Vimos, Vieron

HacerHice, Hiciste, Hizo, Hicimos, Hicieron

Cucaracha VerbsPrefix:

Andar: Anduv- Estar: Estuv- Poder: Pud- Poner: Pus- Querer: Quis- Saber: Sup- Tener: Tuv- Venir: Vin- Conducir: Conduj- Producir: Produj- Traducir-Traduj- Decir: Dij- Traer: Traj-

Suffix-e-iste-o-imosieron

Trigger Words

Preterite Imperfect

Ayer El año pasado Anteayer La semana pasada El mes pasado El otro día El noche pasado

Nunca Siempre Frecuentemente Mucho Cada día

Preterite v. Imperfect

Future Tense

A verb in its future tense is used to talk about the future

In order to conjugate a verb into future tense, attach a suffix to the infinitiveNadar: Nadará

(He will swim)Ir + a + infinitive

○ Voy a comprar

(I will go buy)

Future Tense

• -é• -ás• -á• -emos• -án

Future Irregulars

Cabr- Pondr- Dir- Habr- Saldr- Har-

Podr- Tendr- Querr- Valdr- Sabr- Vendr-

Trigger Words

Mañana: tomorrow La próxima semana: next week Próximo mes: next month Próximo ayer: next year

Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstrative adjectives answer the question “which one”.

They agree in gender and number and precede the noun.

Demonstrative Adjectives Contd.

This

• Este (M)• Esta (F)

That

• Ese• Esa

That over there

• Aquel• Aquella

These

• Estos (M)• Estas (F)

Those

• Esos• Esas

Those over there

• Aquellos• Aquellas

Por v. Para

Por Para

Passing through (portal) General location

(portugal) How long something

lasts (porever) The cause of something An exchange (im/export) In place of something

else (I’m por, pay for me) Transportation

For whom something is done (para-tay)

Destination (Paraguay) Purpose for which

something is done Express an opinion Comparison

(comparacion) Deadline (paramedic)

Connector Words

Aunque: even though Mientras: while Por lo tanto: therefore También: also A pesar de: in spite of Pero: but Sin embargo/ no obstante: nevertheless

Comparatives/Superlatives Used to compare two things

Mariah es menos baja que Peyton.(Mariah is not as tall as Peyton.)Mariah es más joven que Peyton.(Mariah is younger then Peyton.)

Más que/Menos que Mejor que/Peor que Mayor/Menor que Tan como

Verbs like Gustar

Aburrir: to bore Encantar: Faltar: to fail Fascinar: to

fascinate Importar: to be

important Interesar: to

interest Molestar: to hate Doler: to hurt Disgustar: to

disgust Preocupar: to

worry Apetecer: to crave