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SER and
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
Do you know what’s meant by 1st person, 2nd person, 3rd person?
1st person is the person who is speaking – I2nd is the person to whom one is speaking – you3rd is the person about whom one is speaking -- he, she, it
I, you, he, she, it are all singular pronouns. Each refers to one person. But we also have plural pronouns:
1st person plural = I + another person = we2nd person plural = you + another person = y’all3rd person plural = he/she/it + another person = they
These pronouns are called SUBJECT PRONOUNS:
I we
you
he, she, it they, y’all*
What that means is that these pronouns are used as the SUBJECT of the sentence:
I read a book. (Not *Me read a book.)
You read a book. (Not *Your read a book.)
He reads a book. (Not *Him reads a book.)
singular plural
1st person I we
2nd person you
3rd person he, she, it they, y’all*
Pronouns are always, always, ALWAYS in this order. When you learn pronouns in any language, this is the order in which you’ll find them. When you learn the verbs that go with the pronouns, the verbs will always, always, ALWAYS be in this order.
singular plural1st person _____ ______2nd person _____ ______3rd person _____ ______
Question: How often are pronouns found in this order?
Answer: Always, always, ALWAYS.
Click here to go to a brief practice exercise.
Following are the Spanish subject pronouns:
yo nosotros
tú
él, ella ellos
They correspond to the English subject pronouns:
I we
you
he, she they, y’all*
Spanish has two additional pronouns: usted (Ud.) and ustedes (Uds.).
“Ud.” means “you.” “Uds.” means “y’all.”
“Ud.” is used with people to whom you should show respect, people who are older than you are or in a position of authority. It’s pretty safe to say that if you call the person Mr./Mrs./Ms./Miss/Dr./Prof. + last name rather than by his first name, you should use “Ud.” rather than “tú.” If you call the person by his first name, you should probably use “tú” with him.
“Uds.” is used in Spain to show respect just like Ud. is. But everywhere else, it just means “y’all”
However, IN SPAIN “vosotros,” the familiar form you use with friends (people you address by their first name), doesn’t exist in Latin America, and they use “Uds.” no matter who they’re talking to.
In spite of the fact that “Ud.” means the same thing “tú” does (“you”), it’s treated like a third person pronoun:
yo nosotros
túél, ella, Ud. ellos
What that means is that anything that applies to the third person (like verb endings and OBJECT pronouns) also applies to “Ud.”
The same is true of “Uds.” Even though it means the same thing as “vosotros” (“y’all”), it goes with the 3rd person plural:
yo nosotros
tú
él, ella, Ud. ellos, Uds.
One more note about subject pronouns: the
-os in two of them can change to –as if
every member of the group is female:
yo nosotros, nosotras
tú
él, ella, Ud. ellos, ellas, Uds.
SER“Ser” means “to be.” It’s the most irregular
verb there is in both English and Spanish.
am are
are
is are
soy somos
eres
es son
I we am are
you are are
he, she they, y’all is are
yo nosotros soy somos
tú eres
él, ella ellos es son
Just as “I” takes the verb that’s in its position (“am”), “yo” takes the verb that’s in its position (“soy”). In other words, “yo soy” is “I am,” “tú eres” is “you are,” etc.
However, you don’t have to use the pronouns. Look at the Spanish forms of “ser”:
soy somoseres soises son
All of them are different. So “soy” all by itself means “I am.” “Soy alto” means “I am tall.” “Eres” all by itself means “you are.” “Soy” can never mean anything but “I am,” and “eres” can never mean anything but “you are.” You never have to use a subject pronoun in Spanish, because when you look at the verb, you know what the subject has to be.
If you say “yo soy,” it doesn’t mean “I am”; it means “I am.” In other words, it emphasizes the pronoun. However, you can say “él es” or “ella es” or “Ud. es” or “ellos son” or “Uds. son” to clarify the subject. That is, “soy” can mean only “I am,” so the only time you use “yo” is if you want to emphasize it, but “es” can mean “he is,” “she is,” or “you are,” so you can use the pronoun to show whether you mean “he,” “she,” or “you.”
In your homework, I’ll give you a subject and a blank. You’ll put in the correct form of “ser”:
Ellos _______
Juan _______ (Note: “Juan” is the same as “él.”)
Elena y yo ______ (Note: “Elena y yo” is the same as “nosotros.”)
Ud. ___________
Tú ___________
Maria y Elena _son__ (Note: “Maria y Elena” is the same as ellas)
son
es
somos
es
eres