“Mobile Networking Through Mobile IP”

Ashish Chandurkar

Seminar On

Introduction

Mobile IP Entities

Mobile IP Process

Security in Mobile IP

Problems with Mobile IP

Mobility in IPV6

Applications of Mobile IP

Conclusion

Outlines

Mobile IP was designed to allow mobile device users to move from one network to another .

Enables hosts to stay connected to the Internet regardless of their location.

Enables hosts to be tracked without needing to change their IP address.

Requires no changes to software of non-mobile hosts/routers.

Has no geographical limitations.

Supports security.

Standardized by IETF .

Introduction

1)Mobile Node (MN)

The entity that may change its point of attachment from network to network in the Internet.

Detects it has moved and registers with “best” FA.

Assigned a permanent IP called its home address to which other hosts send packets regardless of MN’s location.

Since this IP doesn’t change it can be used by long-lived applications as MN’s location changes.

Mobile IP Entities

2)Home Agent (HA)

This is router with additional functionality

Located on home network of MN

Does mobility binding of MN’s IP with its COA

Forwards packets to appropriate network when MN is away

Home Network

The network within which the device receives its Home address

Mobile IP Entities Contd.

3)Foreign Agent (FA)

Another router with enhanced functionality

If MN is away from HA the it uses an FA to send/receive data to/from HA

Advertises itself periodically

Forward’s MN’s registration request

Foreign Network

Network in which the Mobile Node is away from its Home network.

Mobile IP Entities Contd.

Mobile IP Entities Contd.

Care-of-address (COA)

Address which identifies MN’s current location

Sent by FA to HA when MN attaches

Usually the IP address of the FA

Correspondent Node (CN)

End host to which MN is corresponding (eg. a web server)

Mobile IP Entities Contd.

Home Address & Care of Address

The Mobile IP process has three main phases.

Agent Discovery - A mobile node discovers its foreign agents and home agents during agent discovery.(Agent advertisement)

Registration - The mobile node registers its current location with the foreign agent and home agent during registration.(Set up routing mechanism for transporting packet)

Data Transfer- MN can communicate with CN

Mobile IP Process

How Mobile IP Works?

Data Transfer

1

2

3

4

Authentication can be performed by all parties

Only authentication between MN and HA is required

Keyed MD5 is the default

The hash-based message authentication code (HMAC)

HA and FA do not have to share any security information.

Security in Mobile IP

“Triangle” routing

The Correspondent Node (CN) has to send packets to the Mobile Node (MN) via the Home Agent (HA),while the MN sends packets directly to the CN.

Problems with Mobile IP

Single HA model is easily broken

Frequent reports to HA if MN is moving

Security-Hijacking

Other Mobile IP Problems

Route Optimization is a fundamental part of Mobile IPv6

Mobile IPv4 it is an optional set of extensions that may not be supported by all nodes

Foreign Agents are not needed in Mobile IPv6

MNs can function in any location without the services of any special router in that location

Security

Nodes are expected to employ strong authentication and encryption

Mobility in IPv6

If route optimization is used, the MN and the CN can, after performing the correspondent registration process, communicate with each other directly without the need for sending data packets through the HA and tunneling between the HA and the MN is not needed.

Here data packet sent from the MN to the CN using route optimization.

Route Optimization

Route Optimization contd.

In many applications sudden changes in network connectivity and IP address can cause problems.

Mobile IP was designed to support seamless and continuous Internet connectivity.

Mobile IP is most often found in wired and wireless environments where users need to carry their mobile devices across multiple LAN subnets.

Examples of use are in roaming between overlapping wireless systems, e.g., IP over DVB, WLAN, WiMAX

Applications of Mobile IP

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless communications standard designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit per second data rates.

The bandwidth and range of WiMAX make it suitable for the following potential applications:

Providing portable mobile broadband connectivity across cities and countries through a variety of devices.

Providing a wireless alternative to cable and digital subscriber line (DSL) for "last mile" broadband access.

WiMAX can provide at home or mobile Internet access across whole cities or countries.

WIMAX

WIMAX Contd.

Mobile IP is the new generation technology to bring wireless data communication in to common use.

Mobile IP will play an increasingly important part in the deployment of future Internet mobile networking.

Mobile IPv6 is

An efficient protocol for handling mobility with IPv6

To minimize the control traffic needed to effect mobility

Conclusion