eyebased Technical Seminar

8/10/2019 eyebased Technical Seminar

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National Institute of Technology KarnatakaDepartment of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Shubham Sahu

07EC66

Presentation by:-

HAWK EYE


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Introduction History Abilities How It Works Visual representation Principle/Technology Generation of Image Processing Accuracy Applications Further Developments References Conclusion

CONTENTS


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Hawk-Eye is a computer system usedin cricket, tennis, snookers and other sports to

visually track the path of the ball and display a

record of its most statistically likely path as amoving image

Hawk-Eye as the most innovative technologyprovider in sports broadcasting and is adevelopment that will reinforce the group'spresence and influence.


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It is primarily used by the

majority of televisionnetworks to track thetrajectory of balls in f light.

It was developed byengineers at Roke ManorResearch Limited of UKin 2001

A patent was submitted byDr Paul Hawkins andDavid Sherry.


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It was developed by engineers at Roke Manor

Research Limited in 2001; the patent being held by

Paul Hawkins and David Sherry. Later, the

technology was spun off into a separate company,Hawk-Eye Innovations Ltd., as a joint venture with

television production company Sunset + Vine.

It first hit our screens in 2001 and has been

helping to unravel the mysteries of the lbw decision

ever since.


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Hawk-eyecan track any type of bounce, spin,swing and seam movement of the ball.

Give a prediction as accurate as 99.99 percent

Hawk-Eye was used for referring decisions to the

third umpire in LBW.


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This is essentially visual processing, using cameras, not

lasers. There are six calibrated cameras stationed at

strategic points around the ground. As a ball is bowled

each camera recognises the ball in the image. A 3Dtrajectory of the ball is created from the image data

using a process called Kalman Filtering. From this 3D

trajectory, you can determine the speed, angle and

deviation of the ball's flight.


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A Hawk-Eye system is based

on the principleof Triangulation

Triangulationis the processof determining the locationof a point by

measuring anglesto it fromknown points at either endof a fixed baseline


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Hawk-Eye takes 2 inputs1. Video provided by

6 different camerasplaced at 6

different places.2. The speed of the

ball.

The system rapidlyprocesses the video feedsby a high speed videoprocessor.


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Hawk Eye incorporates both image analysis and radartechnology.

The six fixed JAI monochrome cameras, with a 120MHz frame rate, are placed around the playing field

They track the balls entire trajectory, right from the

point where it is released from the bowlers hand tothe point the ball is considered dead.


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(a) identify each frame from each camera, and groups the

corresponding pixels to the image of the ball

(b) compute for each frame the 3D position of an image thusidentified using ball image data from at least twodifferent cameras

(c) predict a ball flight-path from the said 3D ball position ascomputed in successive frames

(d) map the predicted path on the modeled area so as to identifyany interaction with one or more of the said characteristicfeatures


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The cameras are used in two sets, and a multi-channel

frame grabber handles each set of cameras.

The images captured are then processed by softwareto produce a 3-D image.

This is updated 100 times every second.

The system is able to locate the ball in 3-D and canpredict the motion with a claimed accuracy of 5 mm


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The systemgenerates a graphicimage of the ball pathand playing area by

using which umpirestake decisions.

The same can beprovided to thetelevision viewers andcoaching staff.


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During testing in 2006 Hawk-Eye made the correct callin 100% of all tests, showing an average error of only3.6mm.

Tests have always been conducted outdoors,encompassing situations that take the followingfactors into consideration:

Wind (and therefore camera wobble); Bright sunlight at different times of the day; Shadows covering part or the majority of the court; Dark or overcast conditions; Artifical floodlights.


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Indoor venues are obviously easier in which to track because

conditions are far less variable. Quite simply, Hawk-Eyecan track accurately and reliable in any conditions, on any

surface.

Although the accuracy of the existing system has been triedand tested, the company is constantly trying to developand refine the system. Hawk-Eye listens to feedback from

customers and officials to ensure that Hawk-Eye remainsthe very best in the market.


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Its applications are mainly in sportsCricket

Tennis

Snookers and In some games


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Used in the third umpire decision(Referral system)

At the end of an over, all six deliveries are shownsimultaneously to show a bowler's variations such asbounce, speed variations and ball deviation.

To view the deviation of the ball from actual track.


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Hawk-Eye was first used in tennis in the year 2004(USopen tennis).

In tennis Hawk-Eye generates the impact of the ballwhether the ball is IN or OUT


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1. Hawk-Eye is already working on implementing a

system for basketball.

2. The Football Association has declared the system as"ready for inspection by FIFA", after tests suggested thatthe results of a goal-line incident could be relayed to thematch referee within half-a-second (IFAB, the governingbody for the Laws of the game, insists on goals beingsignalled immediately e.g. within five seconds).


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http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc

http://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2006-08-10/

http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/4/story.cfm?c_id=4

http://archive.gulfnews.com/indepth/dubaitennis2007/08379

http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/hawkeye

http://www.hawkeyetechnology.com/tech/


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After all the test that have been conducted on thistechnology, it has always come out successful and itpromises to be a boon for the world of sports and nowit is up to the different councils to decide whether to

use this technology or not.

This technology has met the high reality and accuracyfeatures.

Hawk-Eye is currently developing a system for Football This technology helps to have correct decisions in any

kind of game.


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eyebased Technical Seminar