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Rivers
SEC ONE TEXTBOOK PAGE 101
What is a river?
A river is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards the sea.
Without the hydrological cycle, rivers cannot be formed.
Is this a river?
HYDROLOGICal CYCLE
HYDROLOGICal CYCLE
HYDROLOGICALHYDROLOGICAL
CYCLECYCLE
SURFACE RUNOFF
INFILTRATION
CONDENSATION
TRANSPIRATION AND EVAPORATION
PRECIPITATION
HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE
• Precipitation – water from clouds come to the Earth’s surface as rain, snow and hail• Transpiration – plants release water vapour into atmosphere
HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE
•Surface Run-off – rain that falls on Earth’s surface flows over land
• Condensation – water vapour rises, cools and changes into tiny water droplets
HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE
• Infiltration – water that soaks into the soil subsurface
• Percolation – water moves further down into the underlying soil after infiltration
HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE
•Throughflow – infiltrated water that flows sideways in the soil subsurface
• Interception – water is absorbed by trees
Water flows from highlands to lowlands due to the pull of gravity.
River System
River sourceRiver source: The place at which the river begins. Usually found in mountainous areas or highland.
TributaryTributary: Streams and rivers that join the main river
River course River mouthRiver mouth: The place at which a river ends into the sea
RIVER SYSTEM
• Source – the starting point of a river• Mouth – the ending point of a river• Drainage Basin – The area drained by a river and its tributaries
RIVER SYSTEM
•Confluence – the point at which a tributary joins the main river • Watershed – The boundary formed by the edges of the drainage basin