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Next Genera*on Sequencing: Reference Material (RM) Selec*on and
Design
Workgroup Genome in a BoAle Consor*um / NIST
August 16-‐17, 2012
RM Scope
• Human Genome & Tumor Sequencing
• Variant Types – SNP – InDel / Subs*tu*on – CNV – Structural variant
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Reference Material Needed For • PlaVorm valida*on
– Sequencing System – Bioinforma*cs/Analysis Pipeline
• Test valida*on – Whole genome – Targeted – Germline vs. tumor
• Reagent valida*on
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New York State proposed dra[ guidelines for NGS clinical cancer tests • … A posi%ve/sensi%vity control should be included to
verify analy*c sensi*vity. We suggest including an individually bar coded low posi*ve control near the sensi*vity of the assay, containing mul*ple known soma*c altera*ons of each kind to be detected, to verify that low percentage gene*c variants can be detected in every run. …
• Performance characteris*cs for each type of gene*c altera*on the assay is intended to detect, e.g. SNVs, indels, CNVs, must be established and validated
• Sequence a well-‐characterized reference sample (e.g. HapMap DNA GM12878) to determine error rate and establish depth/uniformity of coverage across all amplicons.
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Associa*on for Molecular Pathology Comments to FDA UHT-‐Sequencing Mee*ng, June 2011
• … Performance of and coverage needs for a given plaVorm are likely to differ depending on the nucleic acid and DNA regions analyzed, the variants interrogated, the rela*ve allele propor*ons of par*cular variants, … Evalua*on should consider the effects of rela*ve GC content, homopolymeric and other regions of repe**ve sequence, homologous gene regions and DNA structural variants, … This necessitates flexibility and individualiza*on in the development of valida*on protocols, guidelines, and controls on a (clinical) applica*on-‐by-‐applica*on basis. …
• Assay controls should include a range of variants, … Process controls like NA12876 … and the synthe*c ERCC RNA transcripts from NIST are examples of poten%al standard reference materials. …
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Reference Material PorVolio Whole Human Genome • What sources of RMs to consider
– Available for research and for profit – Primary/ cell line
• What extent of prior characteriza*on • Which ethnici*es, genders • Which muta*ons need to be present
– Is medical relevance necessary • Ini*ally to have
– ONE characterized genome RM -‐ or – Mul*ple genomes, lower level of characteriza*on
• Source of commercial development and distribu*on – Manufactured under quality system for diagnos*c applica*ons
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Workgroup AAendees
• Approximately 25 aAendees – Federal, incl. FDA, CDA, NIST – Lab accredita*on – Clinical reference labs – PlaVorm technologies – Reference material / reagent providers – Research
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Workgroup Summary (1) Reference Material Use
• Characterize PlaVorms & Methods – DNA sequencing – Exis*ng & upcoming NGS technologies – Research applica*ons – PlaVorm & methods characteriza*on for clinical diagnos*cs applica*ons
• Not intended as reference material for – Valida*on of specific muta*ons in a panels
Confidential – Do not copy or distribute | 8
Workgroup Summary (2) Selected Sample
• NA12878 – 6,000 controlled aliquots of 10ug each on order by NIST from Coriell
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Workgroup Summary (2) Selected Sample
• NA12878 – 6,000 controlled aliquots of 10ug each on order by NIST from Coriell
| 10 HOWEVER ….
Workgroup Summary (3) Consent
• Consent available for – Research ü
• Consent not available for – Commercial
• Incl. altera*ons, re-‐distribu*on – Re-‐iden*fica*on through sequence data
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NA12878 and family requires re-consenting for commercial use and potential re-identification
through sequence data
Workgroup Summary (4) Sample & Consent
• If re-‐consen*ng of NA12878 not possible, replace with other sample (Trio)
• If necessary, do sample change now, since early in process of selec*ng reference sample
• New characteriza*on of reference material will be in much greater depth and with technologies that are more advanced than exis*ng data for NA12878
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Workgroup Summary (5) Sample Characteris*cs
• Sample characteris*cs are more important than selec*on of specific sample IDs
• More reference samples preferred over fewer samples – Prefer 8 fully characterized samples at high depth and corresponding trios at lower depth over 4 fully characterized samples plus trios
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Workgroup Summary (5) Sample Characteris*cs (cont.)
• High Priority – Mul*ple ethnici*es
• Diversity in structural varia*on to stress systems – Balanced female to male ra*o – Cell line, low passages
• Replenish supply
• Nice to have – Interracial marriage samples
• Controlled admixture
• Less cri*cal – Phenotypic characteriza*on
• Reference material not for discovery – Access to RNA or *ssues
• No limitless supply of material with iden*cal characteris*cs
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Workgroup Summary (6) DNA RM Requirements
• DNA from low passage cell lines – New batches from low passage aliquots
• Modify DNA purifica*on in future to keep step with new NGS technologies – Current purified DNA fragment sizes are 80-‐100kb
• OK for exis*ng technologies – New nanopore technologies may need Mbp fragments
• Agarose embedding is proven extrac*on technology • Consider footprint analysis of all batches prior to distribu*on
– Iden*fy gene*c dri[, mix ups, …. , develop benchmarks • Reference material that mimics tumor sample characteris*cs
– FFPE embedded cells?
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Workgroup Summary (7) Sample Source Sugges*ons
Most support • Personal Genome Project Samples
– Includes trios – Use sequence data to derive admixture – hAp://www.personalgenomes.org – Consent includes research & commercial use and re-‐iden*fica*on
Some support (if consent sufficient) • HS1011
– Charcot Marie Tooth cell line • Lupski et al, NEJM 2010
• MCF10A – Normal breast cancer
• Used by Horizon Dx to produce isogenic cell lines with cancer relevant muta*ons Other • African American sample with 70% sanger sequence (ID?)
– No cell line available – Subject s*ll alive => re-‐consent & generate cell line? | 16
Reference Material PorVolio Synthe*c DNA • What types are most useful
– Variant types, sequence context, phasing • Assess strengths & weaknesses of plaVorm • Test valida*on for exis*ng and medically relevant variants
• What size • How many synthe*c RMs
– PlaVorm valida*on – Test valida*on
• Which exis*ng sources should be considered – Available for research and for profit
• Source of commercial development and distribu*on – Manufactured under quality system for diagnos*c applica*ons
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Reference Material PorVolio Synthe*c DNA • What types are most useful
– Variant types, sequence context, phasing • Assess strengths & weaknesses of plaVorm • Test valida*on for exis*ng and medically relevant variants
• What size • How many synthe*c RMs
– PlaVorm valida*on – Test valida*on
• Which exis*ng sources should be considered – Available for research and for profit
• Source of commercial development and distribu*on – Manufactured under quality system for diagnos*c applica*ons
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Review by tele-conference
All are invited to participate
Confidential – Do not copy or distribute | 19
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