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Evolving Command and Control to an LTE Infrastructure
June, 2013 Harry Jensen, Colonel USMC (Retired) Director A&D
Jeff Sharpe, Sr. Product Line Manager EPC/A&D
Chandresh Ruparel, Product Line Manager Platforms
Ray Adensamer, Product Line Manager MRF
2
Webinar Agenda
Command and Control (C2) in network-
centric operations
Why commercial 4G/LTE in C2?
C2 use cases
Common Compute Platform benefits in C2
Battlefield Visualization
Summary, follow-up Questions & Answers
3
Needs for Command & Control (C2)
The nature of warfare has changed over
time, often driven by technology.
However these aspects have remained
constant for centuries:
• Need to maintain effective C2 of troops
• Ability communicate securely
Military missions today require Warfighters
to operate disbursed across areas of
responsibility of ever increasing size.
Commanders must constantly know
the location & status of their operational forces.
Warfighters must be able to communicate for
additional resources, regardless of geographic location.
Mission success depends on it.
4
Challenges faced by Dispersed Operations
Modern military units are
smaller, have to be more agile.
Too often, units cannot
maintain line-of-sight
communications with
headquarters, let alone with
other units operating even a
few miles away:
• Limits HQ ability to track
dismounted Soldiers
• Imposes severe limitations
situational awareness
Solving these problems with
narrowband SATCOM solutions are
impractical. SATCOM requires
large and/or stationary antennas,
high power radios & line-of-sight to
the satellites, etc.
5
Net-Centric Warfare
• Everyone & everything on Pentagon’s Global Information Grid
• Army- LandWarNet
• Air Force- Joint Airborne Layer Network
• Navy- Automated Digital Network System
• No self-defeating silos
Ground Control Stations
Platform/Sensor Commands
Tactical Operations
Center (TOC)
Battlefield Conferencing:
voice & data with
push-to-talk To create the LandWarNet the Army has
established the Common Operating
Environment (COE) which is to leverage
Commercial solutions to the fullest extent
possible.
6
Tactical Decision Cycle How can we add speed & auto-intelligence to the process?
OODA Loop
Decide
Orient Act
Observe
Success can only be achieved
by acting inside the enemy’s
cycle.
Commercial C2 technology is
the key enabler for adding
auto-intelligence and speed.
Rules of
Engagement
Initiate
Kill Chain
Data
Mining
Predictive
Analysis
7
Combat Lessons Learned
Training and combat experience have taught me:
Situational Awareness (SA) and speed in
understanding what you are sensing are critical
to mission accomplishment.
Must act inside opponent’s tactical decision
cycle: OODA Loop.
To win in battle you must be able to move and
shoot. In order to move and be lethal shooting,
must be able to communicate on the move.
8
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures
Pace of change in military tactics, techniques, &
procedures (TTP) is increasing
Some TTP examples exposing technology
capability gaps requiring more capable C2 are:
• Precision Weapons
• Distributed Operations
• Proliferation of
Unmanned systems-
air, sea, & land
• Overwhelming sensor
input load
• Increased analytics
capability
9
Why COTS C2 Technology to Close Gaps? PROBLEM: Budgets and technology risks driving change
in acquisition strategies
• Exquisite, custom systems are high risk, slow to deliver, and often
not suitable outside lab (unintended consequences)
• We can’t afford custom at quantity needed
SOLUTION: Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) HW & SW
• Large ecosystems
• Quicker time to market
• Proven and mature
• familiar to our Warfighters
• Leading edge
• Standards based, open architecture
• Saves $$$$
10
By Evolving C2 to an LTE Infrastructure Situational awareness & speed to understanding= VICTORY
AR goggles feed high resolution
video capture feed from each
soldier back to vehicle
Each soldier can choose from a variety
of views to show up on glasses:
Video from another soldier
Video from multiple soldiers in a mosaic
UAV downlink
Satellite Imagery
GPS Position of other soldiers/vehicles
[Vehicle has one video bridge per soldier
with tiling and scaling]
Video resolution for each soldier
adjusts separately based on
available bandwidth, priority
requests, distance from the
vehicle
Soldiers can participate in audio bridge
to exchange information
Aalysts can push briefing material
(videos, maps, intelligence) over
downlink to vehicle and directly to
soldier goggles
Ruggedized PDA,
tablet or laptop
Augmented reality goggles
capable of displaying video
feed, capturing live video
from helmet camera, and
capturing GPS location
Use Cases for compact, mobile LTE C2 network
Jeff Sharpe
Senior Product Line Manager
EPC/A&D
Harry Jensen, Colonel
USMC (Retired)
Director A&D
12
Ground Control Stations
Platform/Sensor Commands
Tactical Operations
Center (TOC)
Battlefield Conferencing:
voice & data with
push-to-talk
Requirements in Network-Centric Operations
End Goal
• Everyone & everything on “worldwide grid”; no self-
defeating silos
• Situational awareness & speed to understanding
are critical
• OODA loop: observe, orient, decide & act
• Shortens tactical planning to action cycle
• End devises/interfaces that are easy for the
Warfighter to use
Getting the right information to the right
people at the right time – No information
overload
13
The Data Capacity Gap: Tactical versus Commercial Communications
1990 2000 2010 2020
COTS
10000000
1000000
100000
10000
1000
100
10 Proprietary
SMS Voice Video Real-Time
Multimedia
2G 2.5G 3G 4G 4G-Adv
SINGARS EPLRS, LINK16 EPLRS JTRS DWTS JTRS
HaveQuick MBITR NTDR SRW WNW
Peak D
ata
Rate
kb/s
Web
Bandwidth must
increase
Delivers
much higher
throughput
< Peak proprietary throughput
14
Why LTE for Military Communications?
LTE provides the bandwidth to allow sharing/distributing
information to include video
It is a proven technology:
• LTE has been deployed worldwide
• Both infrastructure and clients are cost effective
Client technology is familiar to the warfighter
Security software is being developed for A/D applications
• It is a scalable technology
• It can be built on open standard hardware
• Radisys and our partners are experienced and trusted
suppliers/partners to help you get there!
15
LTE Network Capabilities
Significantly increased peak data rates • >100Mbps DL, 50Mbps UL
Improved spectrum efficiency • Up to 4X compared to UMTS
Reduced round-trip latency • Real-time applications
(e.g., tactical video conferencing)
Scalable bandwidth • 1.25MHz – 20MHz compared to UMTS 5MHz
• High peak throughput enables rich content applications over LTE
Multiple frequency band allocation options • Paired (FDD) and Unpaired (TDD)
Compatibility with earlier systems • SAE supports Inter-RAT hand-offs
• UMTS & CDMA2000
Metric Requirement
Peak data rates DL: 100Mbps
UL: 50Mbps
(for 20MHz spectrum)
Mobility support Up to 500kmph but optimized
for low speeds: 0 to 15k mph
Control plane latency
(Transition time to
active state)
< 100ms (for idle to active)
User plane latency < 5ms
Control plane capacity > 200 users per cell
(for 5MHz spectrum)
Coverage (cell sizes) 5 – 100 km with slight
degradation after 30km
Spectrum flexibility 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 & 20MHz
LTE Performance
Copyright © 2012 – Radisys Corporation
16
Copyright © 2012 – Radisys Corporation
Typical end-to-end LTE Infrastructure
RAN (Radio Access Network) eNodeB: Handles the air
interface and conversion to wired network
Evolved Packet Core (EPC): Handles the call routing and switch
Controls who get access to information
IMS – Enhances the sharing of information
17
Platoon-Level Communications
• Based in tactical vehicle or man
wearable
• RAN & EPC running on COM Express
module w/ carrier card for air interface
• Communications can also be
backhauled to remote EPC
Equipment requirements
• Ruggedized sealed box
• Small Form Factor
• Requirements that boxes in vehicles
need to handle multiple applications.
Ground Mobile Use Case
18
Ground Fixed
Base coverage or Asset
protection (pipe line,
border)
• Base coverage: RAN &
EPC could be combined.
• Critical Asset protection:
Multiple RANs with
backhaul to EPC
Equipment
Requirements
• Ruggedization for RAN
• EPC could be in Benign
environment
19
Ship board deployments
Ship board communications
• Mainly used for wireless data communication
• Satellite uplink to land based network
• Multiple RANs with backhaul to EPC
• Redundant EPC
Equipment requirements
• RANs will sealed and ruggedized
• EPC will be in benign environment. Could be redundant rack mount servers (RMS) or 2U ATCA. Minor ruggedization required
20
Airborne Use Cases
RAN
Tactical Operations
Center (TOC)
Wide area coverage
• RAN in on UAV
• Typically Satellite backhaul
to EPC
• EPC could be on UAV
Equipment requirements
• RAN low SWaP, rugged
sealed box.
• EPC
– Benign Environment (Tactical
Operation Center) redundant
RMS or 2U ATCA. Minor
ruggedization
– Data Center
21
SOP 303
Definition
• The National Communications System's Standard Operating
Procedure 303 (SOP 303) (Emergency Wireless Protocols) describes
a shutdown and restoration process for use by commercial and
private wireless networks in the event of a national crisis.
Overview • Developed under the President's
National Security
Telecommunications Advisory
Committee, in coordination with
representatives from the Federal
Communications Commission, the
Department of Homeland Security, the
Federal Bureau of Investigation, the
New York Department of Homeland
Security and other government
representatives, as well as private
sector stakeholders.
22
Public Safety: 1st Responders
Moore, Oklahoma May, 2013:
• Cell towers damaged
• Difficult voice communications
• Spotty data service
• Inter-Agency support for life
saving activities
Compact LTE Benefits
Fire & Rescue
Contingency for network failure
Multi-Agency Support
Incident images/videos
Improved co-ordination
Up-to-date
conditions
Police & Security Disaster Management
Evidence collection
Response Coordination
Remote form entry
Remote access to content-rich
databases
Videos and images from incident
site for command centers
Inter and intra team group
communication
COTS Platforms for Aerospace and Defence
Chandresh Ruparel
Product Line Manager
Platforms
24
Products
High Performance Intel based
Compute
Media Processing
Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
Switching
Storage
System Software
Customer Applications
Intel Architecture Benefits
Deep Packet
Inspection,
Traffic Shaping
Femto,
Small Cell
Wireless Voice,
Data & Video -
LTE, 3G
Mobile
Video
Military
Comms
Satellite
Comms
Network
Monitoring
UAV
Ground
Station
Video
Streaming
IMS
25
Intel Inside: Network Appliances & COM Express
Products
Computer on Module (COM) Express:
Mobile, low power, small form factor,
ruggedized, extended temperature
Network Appliance: High performance
image processing, long-life solutions
ATCA: Wide range of Telecom-Grade
Chassis/Blade architectures
Applications
Network Security
Machine imaging
Portable Instruments
Defense Communications: Manned and
Unmanned Ground Vehicles,
Ruggedized Military Laptops
High-end graphics for COCs
26
Proven COTS Assets for Aero & Defense
IP Media Resource Function (MRF)
Network Appliance & COM Express AdvancedTCA
27
Today’s Warfighter requires what Radisys can deliver off the shelf:
Broad range of performance from handheld to enterprise servers
Fast development and deployment
Technology insertions without complete replacement
Open Standards-based COTS solutions
Secure/survivable on the move networks with Battlefield Cellular in a Box
Battlefield conferencing- voice, video, data
Integrated Missions facilitated with latest processing technology (dismounts, platforms,
and backhaul to Ops Centers ashore or afloat)
Bottom Line: Radisys hardware & software technology is application-ready to
become a key enabler of systems for the Warfighter on the battlefield from the
center to the edge.
Radisys delivers the reliability, long lifetime, and excellent support that your
program demands.
ISO9000, TL9000 certified at multiple locations
ITAR registered, # M28204 7-10
Radisys Adds Value to our Customers’ products for their military customers
Battlespace Visualization
Ray Adensamer
Product Line Manager
MRF and Conferencing
29
IMS delivers common services core for any IP access network or video device
Mobile
Laptop
IP WAN
Tablet
Corporate
IP VPN
IMS
Services
Core
Small
Screen
Video
HD
Video
Corporate
HD Video
Wireline Broadband DSL, Cable
HD MCU
Application
Server (AS)
Smartphone
Home
Office
(SMB)
Office
Desktop
Head
Office
Telepresence
Mobile Broadband 4G/LTE, WiFi, HSPA
Media Resource
Function (MRF)
Video
Content/
Storage
Enterprise
UC
SIP with MSML control interface
MSML = Media Server Markup Language (RFC 5707)
= XML-based, feature-rich programing interface for controlling video media processing functions of MRF
Radisys MRF
Classified
3rd party
Conferencing
Application
or
Radisys
SIPware
Copyright © 2012 – Radisys Corporation
SIP
RTP
30
A&D Use Cases similar to
IMS commercial capabilities
Voice, Data communications.
Video Distribution
IP Video conferencing
Control information overload
Make sure the right people get
the right information
Applying IMS to A&D Use Cases Voice, Video, Pictures
31
Radisys MRF Video Conferencing Modes and Functionality
Voice Activated Video Switching
• Model optimized for residential and mobile video markets
• Everyone sees current speaker
• Up to 16 full duplex video participants per conference
• Additional participants joined as video receive-only; only
limited by platform resources
H.263 Continuous Presence (CP)
(4 split and 6 split display)
• Multi-pane displays
• Provides a more immersive experience
Each end-point can
have unique custom mix
Capabilities exposed through open
SIP with MSML control interface
• IP application server can be programmed to
“control” the video conference mixing CP Tactical Display (6-way)
Copyright © 2012 – Radisys Corporation
32
Copyright © 2012 – Radisys Corporation
Bringing it all together… Radisys Integration Flexibility
Radisys MRF Radisys Trillium
Total eNodeB and EPC
Video Conferencing
Application Software
Software
Components
Combine on single “right-sized” platform suitable for application
Small ATCA chassis or
Rack Mount Server (RMS)
Ground Station
Controller (GCS)
Platform
Options
Applications
High-capacity
ATCA chassis
Ship-wide mobile
broadband
communications
Radio Specialist
ComE
board
UAV
33
Battlefield Visualization Opportunities and Applications
Integrated
Soldier with
heads-up video
display
connected to
ComE
(in backpack)
running
LTE and
SIP video
client Battlefield Cellular
in a Box;
3G / LTE / 4G Tactical Operations
Center (TOC)
Field-level
audio/video
conference
mixing
Battlefield-level
audio/video mixer on ATCA –
consolidates distributed mixers
from aerial and field units using
cascaded conferencing
Wireless
backhaul
to TOC
Wireless
connections
with aerial
video
Centralized Command and
Control
Dismounted
Soldier with
ruggedized
PDA or laptop
w/ COM
Express inside
Copyright © 2012 – Radisys Corporation
Conclusions
Harry Jensen, Colonel
USMC (Retired)
Director A&D
35
LTE for C2 Benefits
Proven Technology
• LTE being deployed in large commercial networks today
• Radisys media server – over 4M ports deployed in commercial
networks
Economical
• Open standards-based equipment and software minimizes capex
and ongoing opex costs
Security
• Commercially-available security technology (i.e. IPsec) available for
media and control signalling.
Flexibility
• Open software supports rapid integration.
• “Right-sized” processing platforms – from ComE to ATCA
Delivers tactical advantage in the battlefield
• Superior communications leads to superior results
Copyright © 2012 – Radisys Corporation
36
Webinar Synopsis
The need to deploy broadband communication on
the battlefield is obvious
Commercial technologies/LTE with modification are
the best solution:
• Most of the development has been done.
• They are proven to scale from small to large deployments
There are multiple deployment models with different
hardware requirements.
Use cases and deployment models will rapidly
evolve with new technology and requirements
37
Radisys Aerospace and Defense Radisys Inside
atc
PFS
COMe+Trillium
COMe
COMe+Trillium
ATCA ATCA
COMe
MRF
ATCA
COMe
38
Questions & Answers
~Please fill out our short survey~
We Value Your Feedback
Harry Jensen, Colonel
USMC (Retired)
Director A&D
Jeff Sharpe
Senior Product Line Manager
EPC/A&D
Chandresh Ruparel
Product Line Manager
Platforms
Ray Adensamer
Product Line Manager
MRF and Conferencing
Thank you for attending!