Principles of ict concepts and data processing

BWIRE SEDRICKICT Concepts & Data

Processing

Monday, May 1, 2023

1Agile Computing Uganda

ICT Concepts & Data ProcessingTopic Learning Outcome ICT and IS defined Data and Information defined Reasons for studying ICT and IS Data Processing defined & its cycle Data Processing Modes /Strategies /Methods Advantages & Disadvantages of each modes Choice of the best mode / method / strategy

Monday, May 1, 2023


Information defined Information can be defined as data that

have been converted into meaningful and useful context for specific end users. It is processed data which has been placed in a context that gives it value for specific end users.

Examples of information include a payroll processed from number of hours worked by an employee, accounts balances in alphabetical order etc.

Monday, May 1, 2023


ICT defined: ICT is being defined by many scholars and

technology specialists as consisting of hardware, software, telecommunications, database management, and other information processing technologies used in computer-based information systems.

It involves the dynamic interaction of computer-based information systems while telecommunications forms the backbone of ICT.

Monday, May 1, 2023


IS defined Information system is defined as any

organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications network, and data resources to perform the activities of input, processing, output, and control activities that collect, transform data resources into information products in an organization or disseminates information in an organization.

Examples include:

Monday, May 1, 2023


Data defined Data are raw facts, unprocessed facts or

observations, typically about physical phenomena or business transactions.

Data can be stored, transmitted, and presented in an infinite variety of forms and formats, including numbers, words, pictures, sounds, electronic pulses etc.

Examples of data might include; registration numbers of students at MUBS, account balances of a company’s debtors etc.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Why Data is Critical TPS for gathering about internal

operations and corporate data bases to support planning and control activities.

Data and information about each transaction has to be recorded so that the business can be properly managed.

At the planning stage, data and information is important as a key ingredient in decision making.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Cont’ Why Data is Critical Organizations engage in EDI. These data

become input to the TPS and may be used to update corporate databases.

Data is used as the main way of measuring performance in order for a business to succeed.

In order to monitor progress against the plan and control resources, we need data.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Information system (IS) defined Information system is defined as any

organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications network, and data resources to perform the activities of input, processing, output, and control activities that collect, transform data resources into information products in an organization or disseminates information in an organization.

Examples of IS include:

Monday, May 1, 2023


Reasons for studying ICT in the University To ensure ICT supports the organization’s

corporate strategy. To identify strategic competitive advantage

opportunities. Ensure linkage between business and ICT. Provide leadership for ICT projects.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Strategic Uses of ICT / IS Improving Business Processes and Cost

Reduction. Promote Business Innovation. Locking in Customers and Suppliers. Creating Switching Costs. Raising Barrier to Entry. Leveraging a Strategic IT Platform. Developing a Strategic Information Base. Training. Aids in training and retaining workers

using multimedia which

Monday, May 1, 2023


Strategic Uses of IT

Monday, May 1, 2023

12

ImprovingBusinessProcess

PromoteBusinessInnovation

Locking in Customers and Suppliers

Use IT to reduce costs of doing business

a)Use IT to improve qualityb)Use IT to link business to customers and suppliers

Use IT to create new products or services

EnhanceEfficiency

Create NewBusiness Opportunities

Maintain ValuableCustomers and Relationships

Strategy

IT Role

Outcome

Agile Computing Uganda

Strategic Uses of IT Cont’

Monday, May 1, 2023

13

RaiseBarriersto Entry

Build aStrategic ITPlatform

Build a Strategic Information Base

Increase amount of investment or complexity of IT needed to compete

Use IT to provide information to support firm’s competitive strategy

Leverage investment in IS resources from operational uses to strategic uses

IncreaseMarket Share

Create NewBusiness Opportunities

EnhanceOrganizational Collaboration

Strategy

IT Role

OutcomeAgile Computing Uganda

Top 10 ICT Trends Below are the top ten (10) ICT

business trends during the past three years in their order of dominance.

Cloud computing, rich content, collaboration, mobile computing, data Security, location-based services, data breach notification, risk reporting, standards convergence and health IT.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Data Processing defined Data processing is the process of

producing meaningful information by collecting all items of data together and performing operation on them to extract the required information about them.

The major types of data processing modes today are batch processing, distributed, centralized and real-time or online processing modes.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Data Processing Cycle / Process

Monday, May 1, 2023

16

Origination of data which looks at the sources of data e.g. customer orders; goods received notes, price lists, etc.

Preparation of data; that is, getting the data ready for input e.g. thru sorting, editing, etc.

Input of data which is the act of passing the data to the processor in the processing stage. This could be by the clerk on the computer through the use of the keyboard.

Agile Computing Uganda

Data Processing Cycle / Process Cont’ Processing which includes all the

necessary operations to arrive at the end-product (information) and to keep data up to-date.

Lastly, output which involves the production of the end product e.g. annual reports, financial statements, payroll, etc.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Data Processing Modes / Methods or Strategies

Batch Processing. In batch processing, transactions data is accumulated over a period of time and processed periodically. Provide e.g.

On-line Processing. This is a processing mode whereby all the computer peripherals and other equipments are under control of the central processor. It describes a situation in which computer devices are in direct communication with the CPU. Give an example.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Modes / Strategies Cont’ Time Sharing Processing. This is a processing

mode in which case the central processor serves two or more users with different processing tasks or requirements. Mention where it is more applicable in day-to-day life.

Real-Time Processing. Real-time processing involves immediate processing of data after a transaction occurs. Transaction data are processed immediately, without the delay of accumulating them into a batch allowing the user to update the master files immediately. Give an example.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Modes / Strategies Cont’ Distributed Processing. This is a data

processing mode where the system includes multiple computers linked by a communication network, allowing the processing to be “distributed” around the system. Give its characteristics.

Centralized Processing. This involves all data or information being processed in a central place, such as a computer centre at Head Office. Many users are able to access the central computer at the same time and process data simultaneously.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Advantages of Batch Processing Relatively easy to develop. Timing of the reports is not

necessary. Less processing power is required as

it deals with similar updates. Checks in place as part of the system

is being run. It’s cheaper since less hardware may

be required.Monday, May 1, 2023


Disadvant. of Batch Processing They operate inefficiently and unreliably. They are inflexible and difficult to modify

to meet changing business needs. They cannot provide rapid access to key

information. Management information is often

incomplete due to out of date data. Often master access may not always be

available.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Advantages & disadvantages of Online Processing

The files are maintained up-to-date. Information is readily available for current

decisions. File inquiries possible through the terminals

(work-stations). However, these systems are complex to

develop and are costly in terms of hardware, software, storage media, operating system communication facilities, etc.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Factors Determinig Data Processing Strategies and Methods

The ability to have updates. Usage of the Computer. Organ’al needs & Quality of

Output.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Factors Determinig Data Processing Strategies and Methods Cont’

Cost / financial ability. The Scale of Operation. Accuracy Concerns and

Reliability. Business Size and Nature. Urgency in Feedback. Link between applications.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Questions: Distinguish between real-time and

online modes of data processing. Under what circumstances would you prefer one data processing mode to another?

What is meant by information and ICT? Briefly explain the significance of ICT to an individual; organization, and business organization as a whole.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Information Products & Information Quality

Information product: Information product is the degree to which information has the appropriate information that is useful for users e.g. messages, reports, forms, & graphic images.

Information quality: Information quality is the degree to which information has content, form, and time characteristics that gives it value to specific end users.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Characteristics/Attributes of Information Time Dimension: Timeliness;

currency; frequency and time period. Content Dimension: accuracy;

relevance; completeness; auditability; conciseness and performance.

Form Dimension: clarity; detail; order; presentation and media.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Elements/Aspects of Information Quality or Characteristics / Qualities of a good information Accurate for purpose; managers rely on

information to effectively manage their 'value-adding' activities and free of errors.

Currency, that is, information should be up-to-date when it is provided.

Communicated in an appropriate channel; for a manager to use information effectively it must be transmitted in the communication process.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Qualities Cont’ Understandable; managers can only use

information to good effect if they understand its purpose.

Relevance for purpose; information should always be relevant to the issue being considered.

Auditability; that is, auditability of data refers to the ability to verify the accuracy and completeness of the data.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Qualities Cont’ Timely; for effective decisions to be

taken, information needs to be reported to management on a timely basis.

Ease to understand or clarity, that is, information should be provided in a form that is easy to understand.

Completeness; it is desirable that all information required for decision making is made available.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Qualities Cont’ Communicated to the right person; managers

have a clear & defined level of responsibility & must achieve their predetermined objectives.

Cost-effective; the costs of providing the information must not outweigh the 'value-added' benefits derived from its use.

Others include: frequency, reputable source, volume, conciseness, performance, detail, order, presentation, scope and media etc.

Monday, May 1, 2023


Computer Acquisition This refers to the way or method ICT

products and services can be acquired for use by individuals or organizations.

There are several ways for example through: Outright purchase Leasing Renting computer facilities Using an ASP

Monday, May 1, 2023


Computer Acquisition Students are advised to read and

prepare own notes in Computer Acquisition as a topic.

Monday, May 1, 2023


ReferencesVisit my facebook page Agile

Computing Uganda OR My Website www.agilecu.comBWIRE SEDRICK THANK YOU

Monday, May 1, 2023


http://www.agilecu.com/

Technology

Principles of ict concepts and data processing