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Concepts, Principles & Applications
Palayamanan: Diversified Integrated Rice-Based
Farming Systems
Rizal G. CoralesSupervising Science Research SpecialistAgronomy, Soils & Plant Physiology DivisionPhilRice, Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva [email protected]; [email protected];
What is Palayamanan?What is Palayamanan?
Kayamanan
Palay
• Synergistic mix of farming enterprises • Implemented by the farm family • Depending on their resources• Based on the existing environments • Attainment of family goals and aspirations
• Synergistic mix of farming enterprises • Implemented by the farm family • Depending on their resources• Based on the existing environments • Attainment of family goals and aspirations
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PalayamananPalayamanan
Revival of “Bahay Kubo” Concept
PalayamananPalayamanan
Uplifting it from subsistence to Entrepreneurial Level
Giving it with a new TWIST
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Palayamanan…Palayamanan…
With Palayamanan, the farm is not just rice. It is about food security,
livelihood and empowering farmers to become better decision makers
Palayamanan blends the right mix of farm components like crops, trees, livestock & fish, and the integration of waste management to fully utilize the resources and maximize the benefits that can be generated from the farm
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IIncreased cropping intensity,
productivity, profitability &
economic stability
Principle of Principle of PalayamananPalayamanan Enhance
biodiversity & ecological balance
RReduce prod’n risks
CContinuous food supply
HHigher income & profit
CROPS
020,00040,00060,00080,000
100,000120,000
2002 2003 2004
Pe
so
s
gross income expenses net income
ANIMALS
020,00040,00060,00080,000
100,000120,000140,000
2002 2003 2004
Pe
so
s
gross income expenses net income
“BE RICHBE RICH”
Better resource allocation
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PALAyamanAN
HalamanANPaghahayupAN
PalaisdahANKakahuyAN
Iba pang PangkabuhayAN
PALAPALA
KAYAMANANKAYAMANAN
KABUHAYANKABUHAYAN
KAALAMANKAALAMAN
Hard workHard work
Knowledge & SkillsKnowledge & Skills
Prosperity
Farming venturesFarming ventures
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Inter-conectivity of the farm components
Inter-conectivity of the farm components
1 Crop Production
RICE
CASH CROPS
VEGETABLES
HIGH VALUE CROPS
PALAYAMANAN Components & Strategies
PALAYAMANAN Components & Strategies
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Strategies for Crop Diversification
Relay/Sequential cropping
Simultaneous cropping
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Strategies for Crop Production
Rain shelters
High-value vegetables
Off-season
Continuous cropping
Permanent beds
Popular varieties
Aromatic
Special purpose
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Cost efficient practices for upland crop production
Permanent beds Organic fertilizer Mulching
Mixed crops
Microbials
Fruit wrapping
Botanicals
Pyramid trellis
Controlled irrigation
Cover plants
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MANOK
2 Livestock Production
BAKA/KALABAW
KAMBING/TUPA BIBI/PATOBABOY
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DUCKS
CHICKENGRAZING
GOATS
COWS
PIGSCHICKENS
Legend
Fence area
Shade area
Figure 1. Layout of the multi-animal single roof shed.
Multi-Animal Single Roof System
Area: 50m2
CompactEasy to maintain
Organic fertilizer generator
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Cost efficient practices for animal production
Automatic waterer/Feeder
Feed supplement
Cut and CarryFree range
Microbial inoculantGrazing
Mulch beddings
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3 Aquaculture
Fish-Snail/Clam culture
Crab fattening
Fish culture
Shrimp culture
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Strategies for Aquaculture
Rice-Fish Pond refuge Rice-Gabi-Fish Pond refuge
Fish cage Fish pondSFR
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4 Fruit & Forest Tree Production
Forest trees
Fruit trees
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5 Other Farming Ventures
Food Processing
Vermi-composting
Plant propagation
Marketing
Bio-based Products
Mushroom culture
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6 Biomass Recovery System
Composting
Fermented kitchen garbage
Residue Incorporation
In situ composting
Organic fertilizer production
MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY
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Criteria in Establishing a Palayamanan Food Plan
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• It must be simple and manageable• It must supply the family’s minimal dietary requirements•It must provide economic incentive, so that income will, at a minimum, meet the family’s basic needs•It must be labor intensive and provide meaningful employment and involvement for the farm family.•All the components of the food production strategy must be complementary and integrated.
• It must be simple and manageable• It must supply the family’s minimal dietary requirements•It must provide economic incentive, so that income will, at a minimum, meet the family’s basic needs•It must be labor intensive and provide meaningful employment and involvement for the farm family.•All the components of the food production strategy must be complementary and integrated.
Considerations in Selecting the Palayamanan Components
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• Grain crops should be main food for both human & livestock & adaptable to the locality
• Small livestock may include poultry, rabbits, goat, pigs, and other animals adopted to the region. The animals provide the family with a constant supply of quality protein, Vitamin B12, and other vitamins and available minerals.
• A food legume such as dry beans, pigeon pea, cowpea, soy beans to provide additional protein base for human diet & livestock.
• Vegetable garden to provide minerals and vitamins (particularly vitamin A & C)
• Revenue source either food or non-food or livestock solely for cash purposes. This creates some of the income for the family and become an economic driver of the Palayamanan.
• Grain crops should be main food for both human & livestock & adaptable to the locality
• Small livestock may include poultry, rabbits, goat, pigs, and other animals adopted to the region. The animals provide the family with a constant supply of quality protein, Vitamin B12, and other vitamins and available minerals.
• A food legume such as dry beans, pigeon pea, cowpea, soy beans to provide additional protein base for human diet & livestock.
• Vegetable garden to provide minerals and vitamins (particularly vitamin A & C)
• Revenue source either food or non-food or livestock solely for cash purposes. This creates some of the income for the family and become an economic driver of the Palayamanan.
Palayamanan Farm Model
• Homestead• Diversified Integrated Farming Systems
Components
2438.481 48
23.6
7841.1
31.112
38 38
10
456 1181.8
1616.4
1651.6
51
10495
Vegetable Area
Fis
h P
on
d
Ric
e +
Du
ck
Fish Pond
Rice + Fish
Rice Production Area
Residential Area411
Motor pool
PalayCheck System
12.5
50.2
32.2
32.9
7424.53159.1
Fish pond
Vegetable garden
Road
NIA canal
Drainage canalIrrigation canal
Rice area
Livestock
Kubo
Trees
Legend
N
PALAYAMANAN NORTH MODEL FARM DESIGN
AREA: 18,338.8 m2
Considerations in Establishing Palayamanan Model Farm
Careful planning and prioritization• existing conditions• family resources
Careful planning and prioritization• existing conditions• family resources
Biological diversity of farm components• interconnectivity• harvest security• nutritional balance• economic stability• sustainability
Biological diversity of farm components• interconnectivity• harvest security• nutritional balance• economic stability• sustainability
Each model is unique• no replica• depends on local factors • resources of the farm family
Each model is unique• no replica• depends on local factors • resources of the farm family
Factors to consider
LandscapeLandscape
Soil TypeSoil TypeSecuritySecurity
LaborLabor
MarketMarket
Crop suitabilityCrop suitability
CapitalCapital
Water ResourcesWater Resources
PALAYAMANAN Village Model
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• Diversification in a Village context
• Give more freedom for farm families to choose farm enterprises that they can integrate to their farming systems
• Encourage participation of more farm families
Palayamanan Domain
Unfavorable or Food Insecure Areas
• Rainfed lowland • Upland areas • Areas with partial irrigation or tail
end of irrigation systems • Saline prone areas • Cool-elevated areas• Fusion of irrigated and rainfed
lowland or upland areas• Indigenous people territories• Insurgency rehabilitation areas
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To transform rice-based farming systems domains into economically productive, competitive and sustainable agricultural systems … Agribusiness Enterprises
To transform rice-based farming systems domains into economically productive, competitive and sustainable agricultural systems … Agribusiness Enterprises
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GoalGoal
Framework & Scheme
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Social Mobilization
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• Provide information to local partners
• Assess willingness and commitments of local partners
Technical Briefing
Site Validation• Technical feasibility &
representativeness• Accessibility & Visibility
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Process of ImplementationProcess of Implementation
Pilot
Village
Model
Municipal
Level
Provincial
LevelOut &
Up
scaling
Private
Institutio
ns
Mobilizatio
n
Execution of Memorandum of Agreement (MOA)
Other
Government
Institutio
ns
SUCs
PHILRICE
Pooling and sharing of resources
Efficient delivery of services
Sense of ownership
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M/P Local
Government
Units
Farmers &
Civic
Organizations
Forge partnerships and linkages
Conduct Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
• FGD
• PNOA
• SWOT Analysis
Conduct Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
• FGD
• PNOA
• SWOT Analysis
Identify resources, opportunities, and problems
Identify interventions
Basis for impact assessment
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Mapping (Transect map, Resource map, GIS map)
Mapping (Transect map, Resource map, GIS map)
Secondary Data (Barangay/Municipal Profile)Secondary Data (Barangay/Municipal Profile)
InterviewInterview
Benchmark Data Gathering
Increase number of farmer partners over time as more FFS will be conducted
Increase number of farmer partners over time as more FFS will be conducted
Farmer Leaders can be trained and serve as FFS Facilitators
Farmer Leaders can be trained and serve as FFS Facilitators
> 100 Farmer Partners in 2 years3025
15 Core Farmers
1 Palayamanan Model Farm
Conduct PTDsFFS
FFS
FFS
FFS
Farmer Partners
Farmer Leaders
FFS
OUTSCALING
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Selection of Farmer Partners
Planning workshopPlanning workshop
Project ReviewProject Review
• Develop work plan
• Assess progress
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Participatory Planning & Assessment
Improve technical and managerial skills
Change attitude Better decision making
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Capacity Enhancement
Farmers’ Field SchoolFarmers’ Field School
Learning field
AESA
Info process
Critical evaluation
Experiential & Discovery-Based Learning Process
Enlist 25-30 Farmer-partners Weekly half-day learning Field as a learning material Response to what is happening Share of experiences Based from what farmers want &
needs Discover, evaluate and
understand
Capacity Enhancement
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Support SystemSupport System
School on the Air Program Training, Seminars Field Days Field Walks, Techno Klinik Cross Visits Farmers’ Congress, Fora Dap-ayan ICT, Text Center
Capacity Enhancement
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Participatory Technology Development (PTDs)
Participatory Technology Development (PTDs)
Develop location specific technologies & farming models
Serve as Learning Fields for FFS
Promote only technologies adaptable to the local condition based on PTD results
Promote only technologies adaptable to the local condition based on PTD results
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Enterprise Development
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Ragiwdiw Handicraft
Sea grass a prevalent weeds in rice areas Sea grass as raw materials for handicraft Before the monthly income was
P10,500/month Braids bought at P0.60/m. Daily income
of P120.00/individual Assistance from DA-BES, PhilRice, DTI The business now has P
50,000.00/month income Source of additional income from more
than 100 households
Bibiron, San Fernando, Camarines SurBibiron, San Fernando, Camarines Sur
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Coccina de Palayamanan
Partners: DA-BES, LGU, PhilRice & DTI
80 housewives ; 20 engaged in production
Bicol recipes such as bicol express, laing, sweet potato cookies, vegetable pickles, atsara, salted eggs, pulvoron, cassava cookies, yema and salabat
Additional income: P900.00-P1,500.00/month
Poblacion, San Fernando, Camarines SurPoblacion, San Fernando, Camarines Sur
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Institutional Infrastructure
Community Seed BankCommunity Seed Bank
Planting Materials
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• Source of plant & animal stocks
• Income generating activity
• Learning center
• Demo-Farm
Establishment of On-Station & In-Campus Palayamanan Model Farms
Establishment of On-Station & In-Campus Palayamanan Model Farms
Community Seed Banks
CSU, Sanchez Mira CagayanISU, Roxas, IsabelaISU, Echague, IsabelaCVIARC, Ilagan, IsabelaPhilRice, San Mateo, IsabelaISCAF, Lamut, IfugaoCLSU, Munoz, Nueva EcijaPhilRice, Maligaya, Munoz, Nueva
EcijaNEUST, Gabaldon, Nueva EcijaTCA, Camiling, TarlacSPES, San Pascual, Tarlac CityBASC, San Ildefonso BulacanPAC, Magalang, PampangaBPSU, Abucay, BataanRMTU, San Marcelino, ZambalesRMTU, Botolan, Zambales
Camp Martillana, Pili, Camarines SurBES/BIARC, Pili, Camarines SurSDF, Sorsogon City, SorsogonEVIARC, Babatngon, LeyteCCJ, Calbayog City, Northern SamarDA-ROS, San Jorge, Northern SamarCapSU, CapizWESVIARC, Jaro, IloiloNESCA, Cauayan, Negros OccidentalPhilRice, Murcia, Negros OccidentalPhilRice, RTR, Agusan del NorteUSM, Cabacan, North CotabatoPhilRice, Midsayap, North Cotabato
30 Palayamanan Model Farms established30 Palayamanan Model Farms established
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Financing Scheme
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Ensure the sustainability of the activities beyond the project span
Roll over seed fund to increase the number of farmer partners
Roll over seed fund to increase the number of farmer partners
Eliminate the “dole-out” mentality
Eliminate the “dole-out” mentality
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Capital Build-up
Loan Assistance
Technical Assistance
Capital Roll-over & Build-up Scheme
• Assess progress
• Provide technical assistance
• Direction and guidance
Regional Meetings
Regional Meetings
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Monitoring & Evaluation
Consultation
Consultation
Field Monitoring
Field Monitoring
Resource person
Resource person
Forum/Congress
Consultation Meetings
• Gather information on the performance of technologies
• Enhance promotion or commercialization or technologies
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Feedback Mechanism
Field day
Several Palayamanan Models
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Kinalangay Nuevo, Malinao, AklanKinalangay Nuevo, Malinao, Aklan
Rice Production: 3.05t/ha (1.0t/ha increase) Vegetable production: P20,000.00 Livestock: P5,000.00 Dispersal program: swine (25 recipients);
Darag Chicken (35 recipients) & tilapia (5 recipients)
Palayamanan Village Model was adopted by Aklan State University as “Social Laboratory”
14 students of ASU conducted thesis, practicum for other students
Palayamanan for Rainfed
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Rice + Vegetable + Livestock System
Rice + Vegetable + Livestock System
Palayamanan Model for Upland
Integrated Farming Model Farm (Dry Season, 2008)_______________________________________________Capital Amount (P) Land Preparation 1, 320.00 Farm Inputs (Fertilizer) 600.00Yield Sweet Corn (109 kls@35/kl) 3, 815.00 Cucumber (51 kls@20/kl) 1, 020.00 Upland Rice (1.5 tons) 27, 000.00Profit 29, 115.00________________________________________________
Note: Poultry component is on going. (100 heads)
Agdanganan, Baao, Camarines SurAgdanganan, Baao, Camarines Sur
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Diversified Upland Crops + Livestock System
Diversified Upland Crops + Livestock System
Palayamanan in Saline-prone AreasCamanhagay, San Sebastian, SamarCamanhagay, San Sebastian, Samar
Component Yield
(kg)
Gross Income
(P)
Expenses
(P)
Net Income
(P)
Crops
Rice 2,400.00 19,800.00 8,659.17 11,140.83
Vegetables
Coconut
11,681.03
393.33
148,247.13
7,303.33
94,965.00
1,133.33
53,281.61
6,170.00
Sub total
Livestock
Swine
Chicken
Turkey
Sub total
GRAND TOTAL:
14,474.36
3 heads
10 heads
5 heads
175,350.46
16,000.00
1,500.00
1,500.00
19,000.00
194,350.46
104,758.02
7,978.50
854.25
936.75
9,769.50
114,527.52
70,592.44
8,021.15
645.75
563.25
9,230.15
79,822.59
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Rice + Vegetables + Livestock SystemRice + Vegetables + Livestock System
Bibiron, San Fernando, Camarines SurBibiron, San Fernando, Camarines Sur
Rice : PSB Rc84, 86, 88; average yield 4.5t/ha
Vegetable : Food + P800/wk Fish : Golden apple snail feed
supplement; 2,500 stock, Net income P18,000.00
Duck : 200 heads; 150 eggs/day; Income P 5,000.00/wk
Palayamanan for Flood-prone
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Rice+Vegetable+Livestock/Fish System
Rice+Vegetable+Livestock/Fish System
• Mr. Ambatang earned average P500/week from vegetables, 5 initial duck stocks now 67 heads; income from eggs P200/wk.
• Pstr. Soriano seed produced and multiplied his vegetables and are now planted in the barangay and Church gardens
• Mr. Andingil is selling duck at P100/kg; eggs at P4 each (eggs & ducks produced about P17,000 in 5 months)
• Bucks dispersed are now used to breed with native does in the barangay
Palayamanan Model in Flood-prone Areas
Cuyapon, Kabakan, North CotabatoCuyapon, Kabakan, North Cotabato
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Rice+Livestock+Vegetable System
Rice+Livestock+Vegetable System
San Pascual Elementary School, Tarlac City, TarlacSan Pascual Elementary School, Tarlac City, Tarlac
Learning center for school childrenSupport the Feeding ProgramChildren to establish vegetable home
gardens
Food ProductionRice 4,500m2 2,500 kg 26,000.00
Squash 300m2 3.0 kg 90.00
Okra 7.0 kg 175.00
Eggplant 5.0 kg 150.00
Ampalaya 5.0 kg 150.00
Sili 2.0 kg 50.00
Total P 26,615.00
Palayamanan sa Paaralan
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Waste Management cum Food Production System
Waste Management cum Food Production System
Calbayog City Jail, Calbayog City, Northern SamarCalbayog City Jail, Calbayog City, Northern Samar
Production systemRice Seed Production (0.50) 62 bags P55,000.00
Hybrid Rice 7.2t P40,000.00
Vegetable Assorted 6,432.00
Tilapia 103kg 6,180.00
Chicken 38 heads
90eggs
Pineapple just planted
Total P113,612.00
15 attended FFS rice; 25 FFS vegetable6 hours/day out of cellFood supply & extra incomeOutstanding warden & AT
Palayamanan sa Bilanguan
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Food Plan and Livelihood System
Food Plan and Livelihood System
Lidong, Polangui, AlbayLidong, Polangui, Albay
Military FFS on rice productionLead implementer of PalayamananEstablished Palayamanan Model Farm inside
military camp (For food & support villages)Learning center for soldiers
Variety Trial: PSB Rc3 (2.11 t), Rc5 (3.15t), Rc7 (3.08t), NSIC Rc9 (4.17t), Rc11 (4.01t), Basmati (4.55t)
Basmati Production: 17 farmers, Average Income: P65,000.00/ha
Vegetable Production: Home consumption
Palayamanan in Insurgency Rehabilitation Areas
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Reconnaissance and Development ProgramReconnaissance and Development Program
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Inug-ug, Pagulungan, Maguindanao
Inug-ug, Pagulungan, Maguindanao
Palayamanan in Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)
Food For Peace ProgramFood For Peace Program
• Communal Vegetable Production: Communal Vegetable Production: Income used for weekly “Pahina” Income used for weekly “Pahina”
• Backyard Vegetable Production: For Backyard Vegetable Production: For family consumptionfamily consumption
• Backyard Animal Production: Duck Backyard Animal Production: Duck eggs used for family consumptioneggs used for family consumption
Palayamanan for Indigenous People
Upian, DavaoUpian, Davao
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Community Food Plan
Community Food Plan
A new day… A new hope begins
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A new day… A new hope begins
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Saganang Pagkain Po!