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Presentation of Andy Aden for the "Workshop Virtual Sugarcane Biorefinery"Apresentação de Andy Aden realizada no "Workshop Virtual Sugarcane Biorefinery "Date / Data : Aug 13 - 14th 2009/ 13 e 14 de agosto de 2009 Place / Local: ABTLus, Campinas, Brazil Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop4
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NREL Biomass and Biofuels ExperienceAndy Aden, PESenior Research EngineerNation Renewable Energy Laboratory
August 16, 2009g ,
1
Energy Efficiency & Renewable EnergyEnergy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Technology Development Programs
oP
ortfo
lioL
R&
D P
Efficient Energy Use• Vehicle Technologies• Building Technologies
Energy Delivery & Storage
• Electricity
Renewable Resources• Wind• Solar
NR
EL
g g• Industrial
TechnologiesTransmission & Distribution
• Alternative Fuels • Hydrogen Delivery
So a• Biomass• Geothermal
• Hydrogen Delivery and Storage
Foundational Science
Bi F d t k I t di t Transportation FuelsBiomass Feedstocks
Lignocellulosic
Intermediates
Syn GasGasification
Transportation FuelsEthanol &
Mixed Alcohols
Diesel*
Catalytic synthesis
FT synthesis
Fermentation
gBiomass (wood, agri, waste, grasses, etc.)
y
Bio-OilsPyrolysis & Liquefaction
ese
Methanol
Gasoline*
Diesel*
MeOH synthesis
HydroCracking/Treating
MTG
Ag residues,(stover, bagasse)
Lignin Gasoline* & Diesel*Catalytic upgrading
Sugar/Starch Crops(corn, sugar cane, etc.) SugarsHydrolysis
Diesel*
Gasoline*
Hydrogen
APP
Catalytic pyrolysis
APR
Natural Oils( l t l )
Ethanol, Butanol, Hydrocarbons
Biodiesel
Fermentation
Transesterification
National Renewable Energy
(plants, algae)
* Blending Products
Green dieselHydrodeoxygenation
Biomass Program Mission and ObjectivesBiomass Program Mission and ObjectivesProgram Mission
Develop and transform our renewable and abundant, non food biomass reso rces into s stainable costnon-food, biomass resources into sustainable, cost-competitive, high-performance biofuels.
Focus on targeted research, development, and demonstrationdemonstration
• Support through public and private partnerships
• Deploy in integrated biorefineriesDeploy in integrated biorefineriesProgram Performance Goals
• Make cellulosic ethanol cost competitive at a modeled cost for mature technology: $1 76/gallon by 2012$1.76/gallon by 2012
• Help create an environment conducive to maximizing production and use of biofuels, 21 billion gallons of advanced biofuels per year by 2022 (EISA)
U.S. Biomass Resource Assessment• Updated resource assessment April 2005• Updated resource assessment - April 2005• Jointly developed by U.S. DOE and USDA• Referred to as the “Billion Ton Study”
Taken from ORNL & USDA Resource Assessment Study by Perlach et.al. (April 2005) http://www.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/final_billionton_vision_report2.pdf
In 2008, the Biomass Program, Sun Grant Initiative universities, and USDA selected, and in some cases established the first round of replicated field trials of corn stover removal and dedicated herbaceous energy crops.
This map shows the selected locations and types of crops.
Commercial developmentCommercial development
Early Stage: Simple spreadsheet,
Appropriate Level of Analysis for Project Stage of Development
y gback of the envelope estimates
Mid Stage: Industry-relevant ASPENPlus™ process simulation
Early Stage: Simple cash flow analysis
Mid Stage: Discounted cash fl t f t l i
R&D
Kinetic modeling and regression analysis tools
flow rate of return analysis
ConceptualProcess Material and
Energy Balance
Capital and Project Cost Economic
AnalysisDesign Energy Balance Estimates Analysis
National Renewable Energy 8
Environmental / Sustainability
Analysis
Biochemical Conceptual Design ReportBiochemical Conceptual Design Report Drives R&D Direction
EnzymeProduction (Currently being updated)
Co-f t ti P d tE ti
(Currently being updated)
Hybrid Saccharification & Fermentation - HSF
Pretreatment Conditioning fermentationof C5 & C6
Sugars
ProductRecovery Ethanol
EnzymaticHydrolysis
By-productsResidue
Processing
• Conceptual design of a 2,000 tonnes/day commercial plant –one possible tech package, not optimized• NREL pilot plant based on this process
• Basis for connecting R&D targets to cost targetsg g g• Has undergone rigorous peer review
• Basis for comparison against other technology options
Technical Achievements Translate into Cost Savings
FY08 Bi h i l St t f T h l$7.00
$6.47
FY08 Biochemical State of Technology (yr $2007 actual)
$5.00
$6.00
per g
allo
n) Feedstock Conversion
$4.00
ng P
rice
(200
7$
$2.00
$3.00
m E
than
ol S
ellin $2.85
$2.69 $2.61 $2.36
$1.98 $1 68d
in F
Y07
$1.00Min
imum
$1.68 $1.49
FY06
Incl
uded
$0.002001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
NREL Pilot Plant Capabilities
1 ton per day biochemicalbatch & continuous pretreatmentenzymatic hydrolysisfermentation (9000L)DistillationSeparations
0.5 ton per day thermochemicalGasificationPyrolysis
National Renewable Energy
Tar ReformingSyngas cleanupFuel synthesis
Thermochem Conceptual DesignFeed
Processing and Handling
Thermochem Conceptual Design Report Drives R&D Targets
Products
Gasification
I di t
Gas Cleanup
High T
Gas Conditioning Fuel Synthesis Heat&
Indirect High T Separation Collection/Fractionation Upgrading Power
Indirect Gasification and Mixed Alcohol Synthesis
• Conceptual design of a 2000 tonnes/day commercial plant
• NREL pilot plant based on this process
B i f ti R&D t t t t t t• Basis for connecting R&D targets to cost targets
• Has undergone rigorous peer review
Fast Pyrolysis and Bio-oil as Feed to Power Plant or Petroleum Refinery
Bio-oil is is comprised of many oxygenated organic chemicals, with water miscible and oil miscible fractions
y
Dark brown mobile liquid,Combustible,N t 100% i ibl ith h d bNot 100% miscible with hydrocarbons,Modest heating value ~ 17 MJ/kg,High density ~ 1.2 kg/l,A idi H 2 5Acidic, pH ~ 2.5,Pungent odour,“Ages” - viscosity increases with time
Based on research at NREL (1990 - 2006)
Stage of Development of Biofuels Technologiesg p gCompared to Penetration of Conventional Fuels
R&D MarketEntry
DemonstrationInitial System Refined Commercial
MarketPenetrationBiofuel y
Prototypes Prototypes Prototypes
Ethanol fromCorn/Sugarcane
Ethanol from htt // 1 /bi / 2012 – few 700 tons/dayEthanol fromlignocellulosics
Biodiesel
Renewable
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/ 2012 few 700 tons/day start commercial operation
RenewableDiesel
Bio Syn-Gas Liquid Fuels
Heat & Power
Conventional
Bio-Oil Fuels
Ren. Diesel from Algae
Chemicals
Specialties
National Renewable Energy
from AlgaeSugars to
Hydrocarbons
Key challenges facing the biofuels industryKey challenges facing the biofuels industry1. The “Blend Wall”
E10 market will soon be saturated and E85 market is very small E10 market will soon be saturated and E85 market is very small and stagnant
Even if E20 blends are allowed, market is limited Advanced biofuels key for expanding markets and achieving Advanced biofuels key for expanding markets and achieving
societal benefits
2. Cost Competitive Cellulosic Biofuels
Current “credit crunch” affects entire industry
3. Sustainability
Land use change / availability Water use / water quality GHG / Climate change
16
Life Cycle Assessment
A H li ti d Ri A h + Water Use/RecycleA Holistic and Rigorous Approachto Answer Sustainability Questions
y+ Land Use
+ Land Use Change+ Direct/Indirect Impacts
+ Biodiversity…
emissions emissionswaste materials
ExtractionWastedisposal
non-renewable
energy
energy net emissions
emissionsemissionsraw materials energy
energy
energy
process
final product
Intermediatefeedstock
IntermediatefeedstockProcess Process
Processof
Interest
non-renewable materials
emissions
emissions
emissions raw materialsenergy
energy energyIntermediatefeedstock
ProcessExtractionprocessemissions p
Life cycle system boundary
Relative Emissions Impacts
GHG Impacts
Relative Emissions Impacts
CO PlantsWet DGSWet DGS
Reduction36%
Greenhouse gas emissions of fuels vary by feedstockand by type of energy used for processing.
Algae
Microalgae
60%Triglyceride
CO2
Cultivation Ponds
40%Carbohydrates
and Protein
Jet Fuel (JP-8)
• Ethanol• Power• F d
Green Diesel
National Renewable Energy
• Food
Thank You for theThank You for the Opportunity
Are there any Questions ?Are there any Questions ?