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By:● Lesly Sandoval● Gino McCarty● Adam Cranford
Multiprotocol Label Switching(MPLS)
Prof. Mostafa AmmarComputer Networks IISpring 2014
● 80’s & 90’s - Internet
● The “Fish Problem”
● 1990 - ATM
○ Scalability and overhead
● 1995 - Internet explosion
● 1996 - Cisco Tag Switching
● 1997 - IETF MPLS group
History
Lowest Cost path to destination
● Switching based on fixed 20
bit labels
● Decoupling routing and
forwarding
● Explicitly Routed Tunnel
○ Label Stacking
What is MPLS?
● Label Edge Router (LER)
● Label Switch Router (LSR)
● Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC)
● Label Switch Path (LSP)
● Forwarding Information Table (FIT)
What is MPLS?
Data Plane● IP Forwarding Table● Label Forwarding Table
Control Plane ● IP Routing protocols
● IP Routing table
● Label Information Based (LIB)
● Label Distribution Protocol
● Traffic engineering (MPLS-TE)
● Services:
○ VPN
○ AToM
○ QoS, DSCP, CoS - Bandwidth Management
MPLS Applications
● Dynamic
● Load and Delay Based Traffic
Management
● Replacement for ATM-PVC which
are Fully Meshed
● RSVP (Resource Reservation
Protocol)
Traffic Engineering
VPN Service Types
● Layer 2○ Customer Handles all
Routing
● Layer 3○ ISP Participates in
Routing○ MP-BGP
Anything over MPLS (AToM)● L2 packetized encapsulation
○ HDLC (High Level Data Link Control)○ Frame Relay○ ATM○ Ethernet*
■ VLAN Trunking
Queuing Design and QOS
● QOS○ Quality of Service
● DSCP - Label○ Differentiated Services Code
Point
○ COS - Class Of Service
Cisco 7600 VS CSR
3 Slot Chassis15 Mpps forwarding Rate
240 Gbps throughput
CISCO 7603 CISCO CSR
1152 Slots
922 Tbps total Throughput
MPPS : million packets per second , Cisco Specific metric
MegaPath: Scenario 1● Traditional Voice
Services require a separate dedicated connections
● Modern VoIP services allow integrated IP and Voice Traffic
MegaPath: Scenario 1● Using MPLS allows the
company to have a single dedicated line for voice and data
● All data including voice and video conferencing benefit
MegaPath: Scenario 2● Nationwide corporate
network using Point-to-Point connection
● Company must manage all connections and communications in house
● Massive management overhead
MegaPath: Scenario 2● Service providers(SP)
like MegaPath offer a way to connect the companies entire network
● Connection is through SP’s MPLS backbone and is now managed by the SP
● Entire network benefits from reliability, QoS and security services