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VRF, MPLS and MP-BGP Fundamentals
Jason Gooley, CCIEx2 (RS, SP) #38759Twitter: @Jason_GooleyLinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/jgooley
BRKCRT-2601
Introduction to Virtualization
VRF-Lite
MPLS & BGP Free Core
Multiprotocol BGP (MP-BGP)
Conclusion
Q & A
Agenda
© 2018 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Cisco Spark
Questions? Use Cisco Spark to communicate with the speaker after the session
1. Find this session in the Cisco Live Mobile App
2. Click “Join the Discussion”
3. Install Spark or go directly to the space
4. Enter messages/questions in the space
How
cs.co/ciscolivebot#BRKCRT-2601
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3 networks walk into a…
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What is a VRF?
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SiSi
Enterprise Network Virtualization Key Building Blocks
Device Partitioning Virtualized Interconnect
“Virtualizing” the Routing
and Forwarding of the DeviceExtending and Maintaining the
“Virtualized” Devices/Pools over Any Media
VRFVRF
Global
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VRF VRFVRF
Global
VRF—Virtual Routing and ForwardingVLAN—Virtual LAN
Virtualize at Layer 3 forwarding
Associates to one or more Layer 3 interfaces on router/switch
Each VRF has its own
Forwarding table (CEF)
Routing process (RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP)
Interconnect options (VRF-Lite)?
802.1q, GRE, sub-interfaces, physical cables, signaling
Virtualize at Layer 2 forwarding
Associates to one or more L2 interfaces on switch
Has its own MAC forwarding table and spanning-tree instance per VLAN
Interconnect options?
VLANs are extended via a physical cable or virtual 802.1q trunk
Device PartioningLayer 2 vs. Layer 3 Virtualization
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Path IsolationFunctional Components
Device virtualization
Control plane virtualization
Data plane virtualization
Services virtualization
Data path virtualization
Hop-by-Hop - VRF-Lite End-to-End
Multi-Hop - VRF-Lite GRE
MPLS-VPN
MPLS VPN over IP
MPLS VPN over DMVPN
MPLS VPN o GRE/mGRE
VRF
VRF
Global
IP/MPLS
802.1q
9
Per VRF:Virtual Routing TableVirtual Forwarding Table
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VRF-Lite
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WAN/Campus
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
VRF
A VRF supports it’s own Routing Information Base (RIB) and Forwarding Information Base (FIB)
Leverages “Virtual” encapsulation for separation:
Ethernet/802.1Q, GRE, Frame Relay
Routing protocols are “VRF aware”
RIP/v2, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, static (per VRF)
Layer 3 interfaces can only belong to a single VRF
802.1q, GRE, DLCI
Per VRF:Virtual Routing TableVirtual Forwarding Table
What is VRF-Lite?Functional Components
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VLAN 10VLAN 20
IGPs
End-to-End segmentation is done on a per VRFand per hop basis
MP-BGP or control plane signaling is not required
Labels are not required (i.e. MPLS)
Scaling should be limited to a small number of VRFs
VLAN 16VLAN 26
VLAN 12VLAN 22
VLAN 13VLAN 23
VLAN 15VLAN 25
VLAN 11VLAN 21
VLAN 14VLAN 24
VRF-LiteThings to Remember
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VRF-LiteSub-interface Example
Per VRF:Virtual Routing TableVirtual Forwarding TableLocally Significant
Sub-interface/VLAN/VRF Mapping
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VLAN 12
VLAN 112
VLAN 212
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VLAN 34
VLAN 134
VLAN 234
VL
AN
23
VL
AN
12
3
VL
AN
22
3
VL
AN
14
VL
AN
11
4
VL
AN
21
4
R1 R2
R4 R3
F0/0.X
VLAN X
10.1.X.0/24
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2
3.3.3.34.4.4.4
Lo1
Lo2
Lo3
Lo1
Lo2
Lo3
Lo1
Lo2
Lo3
Lo1
Lo2
Lo3
.1
.1
.2
.2
.3
.3.4
.4
IGPs:VRF-R = RIPVRF-E = EIGRPVRF-O = OSPF
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ip vrf VRF-O
rd 3:3
interface FastEthernet0/0.212
ip vrf forwarding VRF-O
interface Loopback3
ip vrf forwarding VRF-O
VRF-Lite Sub-interface ConfigurationCommand Line Interface (CLI) Review
ip vrf VRF-R
rd 1:1
interface FastEthernet0/0.12
ip vrf forwarding VRF-R
interface Loopback1
ip vrf forwarding VRF-R
ip vrf VRF-E
rd 2:2
interface FastEthernet0/0.112
ip vrf forwarding VRF-E
interface Loopback2
ip vrf forwarding VRF-E
VRF
VRF
VRF
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vrf definition VRF-O
rd 3:3
address-family ipv4
interface FastEthernet0/0.212
vrf forwarding VRF-O
interface Loopback3
vrf forwarding VRF-O
VRF-Lite Sub-interface ConfigurationCommand Line Interface (CLI) Review – VRF Definition Example
vrf definition VRF-R
rd 1:1
address-family ipv4
interface FastEthernet0/0.12
vrf forwarding VRF-R
interface Loopback1
vrf forwarding VRF-R
VRF
VRF
VRF
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Multiprotocol VRF Conversion ConfigurationCommand Line Interface (CLI) Review
PE1(config)#vrf upgrade-cli multi-af-mode common-policies
You are about to upgrade to the multi-AF VRF syntax commands.
You will lose any IPv6 addresses configured on interfaces
belonging to upgraded VRFs.
Are you sure ? [yes]:
Number of VRFs upgraded: 1
interface Ethernet0/1
vrf forwarding VRF
ip address 10.1.78.7 255.255.255.0
PE1(config)#do sh run | se vrf
vrf definition VRF
rd 7:1
route-target export 7:1
route-target import 5:1
vrf upgrade-cli multi-af-mode {common-policies| non-common-policies} [vrf vrf-name]
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VRF
VRF
VRF
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VRF Aware RIP ConfigurationCommand Line Interface (CLI) Review
router rip
version 2
network 1.0.0.0
network 10.0.0.0
no auto-summary
router rip
!
address-family ipv4 vrf VRF-R
network 1.0.0.0
network 10.0.0.0
no auto-summary
version 2
exit-address-family
VRF
Leverage what you already know!
RIP leverages address-family ipv4 vrf ______
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VRF Aware EIGRP ConfigurationCommand Line Interface (CLI) Review
router eigrp 10
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
network 10.1.112.0 0.0.0.255
no auto-summary
router eigrp 10 (AS can be the same or different as one of the VRFs!!!)
auto-summary
!
address-family ipv4 vrf VRF-E
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
network 10.1.112.0 0.0.0.255
no auto-summary
autonomous-system 10
exit-address-family
VRF
Leverage what you already know!
EIGRP leverages address-family ipv4 vrf ______
Set unique autonomous system number per VRF
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VRF Aware OSPF ConfigurationCommand Line Interface (CLI) Review
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 1
network 10.1.212.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
router ospf 2 vrf VRF-O
log-adjacency-changes
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 1
network 10.1.212.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
VRF
Leverage what you already know!
OSPF leverages vrf ______ after the uniqueprocess number
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Live Exploration
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No Sub-interface Support? No Problem!GRE Example
Tunnel/VRF Mapping
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
Tunnel 12
Tunnel 112
Tunnel 212
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
Tunnel 34
Tunnel 134
Tunnel 234
Tu
nn
el 2
3
Tu
nn
el 1
23
Tu
nn
el 2
23
Tu
nn
el 1
4
Tu
nn
el 1
14
Tu
nn
el 2
14
R1 R2
R4 R3
Tunnel X
10.1.X.0/24
1.1.1.1
3.3.3.34.4.4.4
Lo11
Lo12
Lo13
Lo11
Lo12
Lo13
Lo1
Lo13
Lo11
Lo12
Lo13
.1
.1
.2
.2
.3
.3.4
.4
VRF-Lite can also leverage GRE tunnels
as a segmentation technology
Each VRF uses a unique GRE tunnel
GRE tunnel interface is “VRF aware”
Configuration Note: Each GRE Tunnel Could Require Unique Source/Destination IP (Platform Dependent)
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VRF-Lite Tunnel ConfigurationCommand Line Interface (CLI) Review
ip vrf VRF-S
rd 11:11
interface Loopback101
ip address 11.11.11.11 255.255.255.255 (Global Routing Table)
interface Tunnel12
ip vrf forwarding VRF-S
ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0
tunnel source Loopback101
tunnel destination 22.22.22.22
ip vrf VRF-S
rd 22:22
interface Loopback102
ip address 22.22.22.22 255.255.255.255 (Global Routing Table)
interface Tunnel12
ip vrf forwarding VRF-S
ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0
tunnel source Loopback102
tunnel destination 11.11.11.11
Leverage what you already know!
VRF
ip route vrf VRF-S 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 10.1.12.2
ip route vrf VRF-S 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 10.1.12.1
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Layer 2 Serial Link? No Problem?Back-to-Back Frame Relay Example
FR VC/VRF Mapping
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
Serial1/0.12
Serial1/0.112
Serial1/0.212
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
Serial1/0.34
Serial1/0.134
Serial1/0.234
Se
ria
l1/1
.23
Se
ria
l1/1
.12
3
Se
ria
l1/1
.22
3
Se
ria
l1/1
.14
Se
ria
l1/1
.11
4
Se
ria
l1/1
.21
4
R1 R2
R4 R3
Serial1/0.X
Serial1/1.X
10.1.X.0/24
1.1.1.1
3.3.3.34.4.4.4
Lo111
Lo112
Lo113
Lo111
Lo112
Lo113
Lo1
Lo3
Lo111
Lo112
Lo113
.1
.1
.2
.2
.3
.3.4
.4
VRF-Lite can also leverage Frame Relay
Sub-interfaces as a segmentation
technology
Each VRF uses a unique Frame-Relay
sub-interface and DLCI
Frame Relay sub-interface is “VRF aware”
Configuration Note: Leveraging Back-to-Back Frame-Relay Configuration
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ip vrf VRF-B
rd 222:222
interface Serial1/0
encapsulation frame-relay
no keepalive
Interface Serial1/0.12 point-to-point
ip vrf forwarding VRF-B
ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 201
VRF-Lite Back-to-Back Frame Relay ConfigurationCommand Line Interface (CLI) Review
ip vrf VRF-B
rd 111:111
interface Serial1/0
encapsulation frame-relay
no keepalive
Interface Serial1/0.12 point-to-point
ip vrf forwarding VRF-B
ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 201
Leverage what you already know!
VRF
router bgp 1
address-family ipv4 vrf VRF-B
neighbor 10.1.12.2 remote-as 2
neighbor 10.1.12.2 activate
no synchronization
network 1.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255
exit-address-family
router bgp 2
address-family ipv4 vrf VRF-B
neighbor 10.1.12.1 remote-as 1
neighbor 10.1.12.1 activate
no synchronization
network 2.2.2.2 mask 255.255.255.255
exit-address-family
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Live Exploration
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VRF-Lite Summary
Create a VRF in router for RIB/FIB and interface
segmentation
No MPLS, LDP, or MP-BGP required
Optimal solution when VRF count is small (~ <8)
Supports multicast and QoS solutions
Leverage current routing protocol knowledge and
apply it to PE-CE VRF Routing
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MPLS & BGP Free Core
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What Is MPLS?
Most
Painful
Learn
Study
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What Is MPLS?
Multi Multi-Protocol: The ability to carry any payload
Have: IPv4, IPv6, Ethernet, ATM, FR
Protocol
Label Uses Labels to tell a node what to do with a
packet; separates forwarding (hop by hop
behavior) from routing (control plane)
Switching Routing based on IPv4/IPv6 lookup.
Everything else is label switching.
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MPLSComponent Overview
CE routers owned by customer
PE routers owned by SP
P routers owned by SP
Customer “peers” to “PE” via IP
Exchanges routing with SP via routing protocol (or static route)*
SP advertises CE routes to other CEs
Provider
Site 2
Site 3
Site 1
IP Routing Peer (BGP, Static, IGP)
PE PE
SP Demarcation
CE
CE
CE
CustomerCustomer
* Labels are not exchanged with the SP
30
P
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IP Routing
• Exchange of IP routes for Loopback Reachability
• OSPF, IS-IS, EIGRP, etc.
• iBGP neighbor peering over IGP transport
• Route towards BGP Next-Hop
IGP vs. BGP
10.2.1.1
F0/0
In
Label
Address
Prefix
…
Out
I’face
10.2.1.1 F0/0
… …
…
Out
Label
In
Label
Address
Prefix
…
Out
I’face
10.2.1.1 NA
… …
…
Out
Label
In
Label
Address
Prefix
10.2.1.1
…
Out
I’face
F0/0
…
Out
Label
F0/0
You Can Reach 2.2.2.2 Through Me
Routing Updates
(OSPF)
BGP Update:
You Can Reach 10.2.1.1 Thru Me
By routing towards 2.2.2.2
Forwarding Table Forwarding Table Forwarding Table
F0/0
You Can Reach 2.2.2.2 Thru Me
31
PE1
PE2
P
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MPLS Label Switched Path (LSP) Setup with LDP
• Local label mappings are sent to connected nodes
• Receiving nodes update forwarding table
• Out label
• LDP label advertisement happens in parallel (downstream unsolicited)
Assignment of Remote Labels
10.2.1.1
F0/0F0/0
Use Label 30 for 2.2.2.2Use Label 20 for 2.2.2.2
Label Distribution
Protocol (LDP)(Downstream
Allocation)
In
Label
Address
Prefix
2.2.2.2
…
…
Out
I’face
F0/0
…
…
Out
Label
In
Label
Address
Prefix
2.2.2.2
…
…
Out
I’face
F0/0
…
…
Out
Label
In
Label
Address
Prefix
10.2.1.1
…
Out
I’face
F0/0
…
Out
Label
20
…
-
-
…
30
…
20
…
…
-
…
30
…
Forwarding Table Forwarding Table Forwarding Table
F0/0
VRF
……
BGP Update:
You Can Reach 10.2.1.1 Thru Me
By routing towards 2.2.2.2
32
PE1
PE2
P
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MPLS Traffic Forwarding with LDP
• Ingress PE node adds label to packet (push)
• Via MPLS forwarding table
• Downstream P node uses label for forwarding decision (swap)
• Outgoing interface
• Out label
• Egress PE removes label and forwards original packet (pop)
Hop-by-hop Traffic Forwarding Using Labels
F0/0
10.2.1.1 Data 2.2.2.2 Data20
Forwarding based on Label towards BGP
Next-Hop (Loopback of far end router)
10.2.1.1 Data
10.2.1.1F0/0
VRF
In
Label
Address
Prefix
2.2.2.2
…
…
Out
I’face
F0/0
…
…
Out
Label
In
Label
Address
Prefix
2.2.2.2
…
…
Out
I’face
F0/0
…
…
Out
Label
In
Label
Address
Prefix
10.2.1.1
…
Out
I’face
F0/0
…
Out
Label
20
…
…
-
-
…
30
…
…
20
-
…
-
…
30
…
Forwarding Table Forwarding Table Forwarding Table
F0/0
33
PE1
PE2
P
BGP Update:
You Can Reach 10.2.1.1 Thru Me
By routing towards 2.2.2.2
2.2.2.2 Data30
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BGP Free CoreComponent Overview
1. Always route towards BGP Next-Hop
2. Routes will be valid on PE Routers
3. Will label switch towards BGP Next-Hop of PE with MPLS enabled
VPNv4 iBGP Relationship
10.1.1.0/24
OSPF Area 0
Site 1 Site 2
10.2.1.0/24
Redistribute
IGP/Static Into BGP
Redistribute
IGP/Static Into BGP
End-to-End BGP and redistribution of routes into OSPF core not necessary!
P1 P2
P3 P4
PE2
CE2
PE1
CE1
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Multiprotocol BGP (MP-BGP)
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Multiprotocol BGP (MP-BGP)Bringing It All Together
1. PE receives an IPv4 update on a VRF interface (eBGP/OSPF/RIP/EIGRP)
2. PE translates it into VPNv4 address (96-bit address) (64-bit RD + 32 bit IPv4 address)
– Assigns an RT per VRF configuration
– Rewrites next-hop attribute to itself
– Assigns a label based on VRF and/or interface
3. PE sends MP-iBGP update to other PE routers
36
10.2.1.0/24
Next-Hop=PE1
VPNv4 iBGP Relationship
10.1.1.0/24
OSPF Area 0
Site 1 Site 2
10.1.1.0/24
Next-Hop=PE2
Redistribute
IGP/Static Into BGP
Redistribute
IGP/Static Into BGP
P1 P2
P3 P4
PE2
CE2
PE1
CE110.2.1.0/24
VRF VRF
10.2.1.0/24
Next-Hop=CE2
10.1.1.0/24
Next-Hop=CE1
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Why an RD and VPNv4 Address?Use Case
1. PE routers service multiple customers
2. Once PE redistributes customer routes into MP-BGP, they must be unique
3. RD is prepended to each prefix to make routes unique
VPNv4 iBGP Relationship
10.1.1.0/24
OSPF Area 0
Cust A Site 1 Cust A Site 2
10.2.1.0/24
VPNv4 prefixes are the combination of a 64-bit RD and a 32-bit IPv4 prefix. VPNv4 prefixes are 96-bits in length
P1 P2
P3 P4
PE2
CE2
PE1
CE1
10.1.1.0/24
37
10.1.1.0/24
Cust B Site 1
CE1
10.1.1.0/24
VRF A
VRF B Cust B Site 2
CE210.2.1.0/24
10.2.1.0/24
10.2.1.0/24
111:1:10.2.1.0/24
222:1:10.2.1.0/24
VRF A
VRF B
111:1:10.1.1.0/24
222:1:10.1.1.0/24
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Why are Route Targets Important?Use Case
1. Route Targets dictate which VRF will receive what routes
2. Can be used to allow specific sites access to centralized services
3. Cust A Site 2, Site 3 and Site 4 will not be able to exchange routes with each other
VPNv4 iBGP Relationship
10.1.1.0/24
OSPF Area 0
Cust A Site 1 Cust A Site 2
10.1.2.0/24
Route Targets are a 64-bit value and are carried in BGP as an extended community
P1 P2
P3 P4
PE2
CE1
PE1
CE1
VRF A
Import 222:1
Import 333:1
Import 444:1
Export 111:1
38
10.1.3.0/24
Cust A Site 3
CE1
VRF A
VRF C Cust A Site 4
CE110.1.4.0/24
VRF B
Import 111:1
Export 222:1
VRF D
Import 111:1
Export 444:1
VRF B
VRF D
VRF C
Import 111:1
Export 333:1
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! PE router
router bgp 65102
no bgp default ipv4-unicast
neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 65102
!
address-family vpnv4
neighbor 2.2.2.2 activate
neighbor 2.2.2.2 send-community extended
exit-address-family
!
address-family ipv4 vrf VRF-1
redistribute rip
exit-address-family
PE
VPN Backbone IGP
MP-iBGP – VPNv4
Label Exchange
PEP P
P P
MPLS VPN and MP-BGPCommand Line Interface (CLI) Review
VRF VRF-1
VRF VRF-2
EIGRP, OSPF, RIPv2, BGP, Static
CE
CE
Customer 1
Customer 2
MP-iBGP Configuration (PE)
VRF VRF-1
VRF VRF-2
CE
CE
! PE Router – Multiple VRFs
ip vrf VRF-1
rd 65100:10
route-target import 65102:10
route-target export 65102:10
ip vrf VRF-2
rd 65100:20
route-target import 65102:20
route-target export 65102:20
!
Interface FastEthernet0/1.10
ip vrf forwarding VRF-1
Interface FastEthernet0/1.20
ip vrf forwarding VRF-2
VRF Configuration (PE)
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Live Exploration
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MPLS VPN Technology SummaryMPLS VPN Connection Model
PE Routers
• MPLS Edge routers with VRF(s)
• MPLS forwarding to P routers
• IGP/BGP – IP to CE routers
• Distributes VPN information through MP-BGP to other PE routers with VPNv4 addresses, extended community, VPN labels
• Push labels onto incoming IP packets
P Routers
• P routers are in the core of the MPLS cloud
• P routers do not need to run BGP
• Do not have knowledge of VPNs
• Switch packets based on labels (swap/pop) not IP
PE
VPN Backbone IGP
MP-iBGP – VPNv4 Label Exchange
PEP P
P P
VRF Blue
VRF Green
EIGRP, OSPF, RIPv2, BGP, Static
CE
CE
VPN 1
VPN 2
CE Routers
• Sends routes to PE
• via (static, RIP, BGP, EIGRP, OSPF)
• Unlabeled IP packets
Global Address Space
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Closing Thoughts
• Break MPLS into smaller, more manageable chunks to accelerate learning
• Leverage current routing protocol knowledge learning PE-CE VRF routing
• MP-BGP and traditional IPv4 BGP configuration is very similar
• If routes are not present on CE routers check route-target import/export,
communities and redistribution between IPv4 VRF address-families under IGP
and BGP
• If routes are present but you are having problems with reachability, check MPLS
configuration
• Remember on PE devices you are living in a VRF world (Ping, Traceroute etc.)
• HAVE FUN !!!!! Remember, it’s a journey not a destination!
42BRKCRT-2601
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What Is MPLS?
47
Master
Practice
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Live Exploration Diagrams
© 2018 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
VRF-LiteSub-interface Example
Per VRF:Virtual Routing TableVirtual Forwarding TableLocally Significant
Sub-interface/VLAN/VRF Mapping
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VLAN 12
VLAN 112
VLAN 212
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VLAN 34
VLAN 134
VLAN 234
VL
AN
23
VL
AN
12
3
VL
AN
22
3
VL
AN
14
VL
AN
11
4
VL
AN
21
4
R1 R2
R4 R3
E0/0.X
VLAN X
10.1.X.0/24
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2
3.3.3.34.4.4.4
Lo1
Lo2
Lo3
Lo1
Lo2
Lo3
Lo1
Lo2
Lo3
Lo1
Lo2
Lo3
.1
.1
.2
.2
.3
.3.4
.4
IGPs:VRF-R = RIPVRF-E = EIGRPVRF-O = OSPF
51BRKCRT-2601
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No Sub-interface Support/No ProblemGRE Example
Tunnel/VRF Mapping
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
Tunnel 12
Tunnel 112
Tunnel 212
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
Tunnel 34
Tunnel 134
Tunnel 234
Tu
nn
el 2
3
Tu
nn
el 1
23
Tu
nn
el 2
23
Tu
nn
el 1
4
Tu
nn
el 1
14
Tu
nn
el 2
14
R1 R2
R4 R3
Tunnel X
10.1.X.0/24
1.1.1.1
3.3.3.34.4.4.4
Lo11
Lo12
Lo13
Lo11
Lo12
Lo13
Lo1
Lo13
Lo11
Lo12
Lo13
.1
.1
.2
.2
.3
.3.4
.4
VRF Lite can also leverage GRE tunnels
as a segmentation technology
Each VRF uses a unique GRE tunnel
GRE tunnel interface is “VRF aware”
Configuration Note: Each GRE Tunnel Could Require Unique Source/Destination IP (Platform Dependent)
52BRKCRT-2601
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Layer 2 Serial Link/No ProblemBack-to-Back Frame Relay Example
FR VC/VRF Mapping
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
Serial1/0.12
Serial1/0.112
Serial1/0.212
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
VRF-R
VRF-E
VRF-O
Serial1/0.34
Serial1/0.134
Serial1/0.234
Se
ria
l1/1
.23
Se
ria
l1/1
.12
3
Se
ria
l1/1
.22
3
Se
ria
l1/1
.14
Se
ria
l1/1
.11
4
Se
ria
l1/1
.21
4
R1 R2
R4 R3
Serial1/0.X
Serial1/1.X
10.1.X.0/24
1.1.1.1
3.3.3.34.4.4.4
Lo111
Lo112
Lo113
Lo111
Lo112
Lo113
Lo1
Lo3
Lo111
Lo112
Lo113
.1
.1
.2
.2
.3
.3.4
.4
VRF Lite can also leverage Frame Relay
Sub-interfaces as a segmentation
technology
Each VRF uses a unique Frame-Relay
sub-interface and DLCI
Frame Relay sub-interface is “VRF aware”
Configuration Note: Leveraging Back-to-Back Frame-Relay Configuration
53BRKCRT-2601
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Multiprotocol BGP (MP-BGP)Bringing It All Together
10.1.1.0/24
Next-Hop=R8
iBGP Relationship
10.1.1.0/24
E0/1
E0/1
OSPF Area 0
Site 1 Site 2
10.2.1.0/24
10.2.1.0/24
Next-Hop=R6
VRF InstanceVRF Instance
P1 P2
P4 P3
PE2
CE2
PE1
CE1
R8
E0/1
E0/1
E0/1
E0/2 E0/2 E0/2
E0/2
E0/3
E0/3E0/3
E0/3
E0/1E0/1
E0/0
E0/0
54BRKCRT-2601
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R&S Related Cisco Education Offerings
Course Description Cisco Certification
CCIE R&S Advanced Workshops (CIERS-1 &
CIERS-2) plus
Self Assessments, Workbooks & Labs
Expert level trainings including: instructor led workshops, self
assessments, practice labs and CCIE Lab Builder to prepare candidates
for the CCIE R&S practical exam.
CCIE® Routing & Switching
• Implementing Cisco IP Routing v2.0
• Implementing Cisco IP Switched
Networks V2.0
• Troubleshooting and Maintaining
Cisco IP Networks v2.0
Professional level instructor led trainings to prepare candidates for the
CCNP R&S exams (ROUTE, SWITCH and TSHOOT). Also available in
self study eLearning formats with Cisco Learning Labs.
CCNP® Routing & Switching
Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices:
Part 2 (or combined)
Configure, implement and troubleshoot local and wide-area IPv4 and IPv6
networks. Also available in self study eLearning format with Cisco Learning
Lab.
CCNA® Routing & Switching
Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices:
Part 1
Installation, configuration, and basic support of a branch network. Also
available in self study eLearning format with Cisco Learning Lab.
CCENT® Routing & Switching
55
For more details, please visit: http://learningnetwork.cisco.com
Questions? Visit the Learning@Cisco Booth
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Network Programmability Cisco Education Offerings
Course Description Cisco Certification
Developing with Cisco Network Programmability
(NPDEV)
Provides Application Developers with comprehensive curriculum to
develop infrastructure programming skills;
Addresses needs of software engineers who automate network
infrastructure and/or utilize APIs and toolkits to interface with SDN
controllers and individual devices
Cisco Network Programmability
Developer (NPDEV) Specialist
Certification
Designing and Implementing Cisco Network
Programmability (NPDESI)
Provides network engineers with comprehensive soup-to-nuts curriculum
to develop and validate automation and programming skills;
Directly addresses the evolving role of network engineers towards more
programmability, automation and orchestration
Cisco Network Programmability
Design and Implementation
(NPDESI) Specialist Certification
Programming for Network Engineers (PRNE) Learn the fundamentals of Python programming – within the context of
performing functions relevant to network engineers. Use Network
Programming to simplify or automate tasks
Recommended pre-requisite for
NPDESI and NPDEV Specialist
Certifications
Cisco Digital Network Architecture
Implementation Essentials (DNAIE)
This training provides students with the guiding principles and core
elements of Cisco’s Digital Network Architecture (DNA) architecture and its
solution components including; APIC-EM, NFV, Analytics, Security and
Fabric.
None
56
For more details, please visit: http://learningnetwork.cisco.com
Questions? Visit the Learning@Cisco Booth
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