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Slides from Masabi's presentation at the Transport Ticketing 2010 show.
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Barcode TicketingSelf-print and Mobile
Technology Warning!
Just because you can do something with new technology –
Does not mean customers will adopt
Does not mean that companies will make money from it
User Adoption of “new”?Normal people only try a new technology to do something…
…if the old way of doing it is painful enough to make them try.
At that moment: offer them a better way.
Who are Masabi? Masabi build mobile applications
Award winning and certified security Ticket sales and delivery from mobile
Projects with:
Consultancy to set the standardsfor self-print and mobile barcodes
mobile tickets for
Why introduce eTicking?TOC Incentives: Reduce cost of sales
Capex and Opex on people and machines Reduce queues Gather more customer Data
Encourage modal shift through down-sell Enable new product types
Increase revenue through up-sell and cross-sell
Customer Incentives: Avoid the pain of queues Cheaper Tickets, such as Advanced
Barcode Tickets Self-print and Mobile
Web Purchase Workflow
Self-print
Or Mobile Delivery
Mobile Purchase Workflow
(ToD pickup option for routes not accepting Barcode yet)
Human readable and scannable tickets
Mobile Barcode Tickets WAP/MMS/Images
Any phone with MMS always has WAP SMS-pictures not big enough for RSP Compromise between text and barcode Re-sizing can be an issue DRM not everywhere
Smart Application Full-screen, no re-sizing issues Text and barcode separate Application organises tickets
Usability – Mobile Apps Still useful without a reliable data
connection (unlike WAP)
Optimised data entry Faster responses Catch mistakes quicker
SMS failover from GPRS Avoid settings, reception &
roaming problems
Cheaper + faster for the user Send only the data Flat rate data is still not common
Walk-up First Purchase
Repeat Purchase
Key Usability Points:
No sign-up process! no usernames no passwords
Mostly off-line interface, SMS backup
Fast repeated regular purchases
Full screen barcodes for fast scanning
UK Rail Barcode Ticket Standard
RSPS3001 Approved in December 2008 as the UK standard for self print and mobile barcode rail ticketing
Shared Barcode Standard Public and open security
Based on standard SSL certificates Each TOC generates and sign tickets
with their own private key Scanners only contain list of TOC
public keys to scan and validate
Decentralised system robust and can operate off-line cheap to implement and use
Share self-print and mobile barcodes between Operators and 3rd party retailers Integrate with standard EPOS
Do tickets need security?
Early e-ticketing systems just used numbers as tickets
This limited barcode tickets to either: Advanced Tickets, with manifest
synchronised to the guard’s devices Or guards perform live check via WiFi/GPRS
Problem: real systems cannot guarantee live connections or synchronisations
Open PKI Security Model
Traceability, and no security risk from theft of scanning devices
If private keys are leaked, only the vendor that loses the keys is affected
3rd parties and other EPOS vendors can take part, even taxis and coffee shops can scan and validate cross-sale tickets or entitlements
PKI vs ITSO/Oyster
ITSO and Oyster are Symmetric=Same Keys
PKI is Asymmetric=Different Keys
Private key to create ticket
Private key to check ticket
(risk from key theft, therefore need ISAM)
Private key to create ticket
(safe on TIS server)
Public Key to check ticket
(no risk from key theft)
Easy to Scan and Validate
Offline validation from software Add to existing EPOS or gate systems
No mobile databases required
No synchronisation of valid tickets from one Train or Bus Co. to another (too much data, too unreliable)
Enables Walk-up tickets
Forgeries and Copies
Isn’t it easy to photocopy a self-print paper ticket?
What if a bunch of clever people figure out how to copy mobile tickets?
What if one user copies a ticket, gets onto an off-line train, and his friend gets onto a second off-line train?
Anti-Copying Policy
Scanners only accept first seen barcode
On-line scanners can check for previous scans at other locations
Off-line scanners submit scan records back to ticket issuer for post-processing
Post processing identifies dual use, and blocks future purchases from the same credit card until fine paid, limiting fraud
Soft Rollout of ScannersVisual Validation & Advance ManifestsGuards briefed on visual checks of eTickets, and they report the number of eTickets seen each week while initial volumes remain low.
Occasional SMS Check with normal phoneGuards can text the ticket number to find out the real details of a ticket if suspicious.Optional -> Smartphone scanner software
Shared Hand-Held ScannersA small number of basic scanners are circulated between guards to perform occasional vehicle or station-wide revenue enforcement checks.
Full Hand-Held Scanner RolloutOnly required on routes that see sustained volume of barcode tickets. (e.g. Add bluetooth scanner option to Avantix Mobile 2.)
Gate Scanner RolloutOnly required on stations that see sustained volume of barcode tickets. Retro fit or new fit.
Free
pennies
£x,000
£££
£££££
How to Rollout Barcode?1. Ask your Web ticket sales system provider to
enable barcode ticketing, controlled by route and ticket type
2. Brief revenue enforcement staff on how to perform visual inspection of e-Tickets
3. Advertise it (in stations next to queues best)
4. Gradually add scanners and gate scanners as each route experiences more adoption of eTickets
Barcode Suppliers
Working with established Systems Integrators and suppliers to ensure that innovative barcode services are delivered with industrial scalability and reliability
Interoperable Barcode
Standards
ATOCRSPS3001
(UK)
UIC 918-2(European)
Ticket Issuing Systems
Atos Origin
The TrainLine
Gate Scanners
Cubic
Scheidt & Bachmann
Portable Scanners
Atos OriginAvantix Mobile 2
Benefits of Barcode: Customer
Sign-up in the queue (no usernames or passwords)
No queues ever again Quicker re-purchase Tickets same price
Operator Lower cost per sale No need to expand stations Staged capital expense on scanners
Barcode Vs SmartcardBarcode Great for long distance Visual, readable Soft rollout of scanners
-> low capex Free Security No media to issue Can cope with offline
stations
SmartCard Great for big cities No Screen Full rollout of scanners
-> high capex ITSO security Smartcard media Ticket distribution
must be on-line
Capital Expenditure Items
Barcode Costs
Smartcard Costs
Offline Stations prevent delivery
SmartCard Media
Full Scanner Rollout First
ITSO Certification
Off-line Stations OK
User’s Paper or Mobile Screen
Soft Rollout,Scanners later…
NFC – Not TodayNOKIA HANDSETS NOKIA NFC HANDSETS
Case Study - Ticketing
Buy anywhere No paper, no queues - barcode tickets Tunnels don’t break the system
Auto-detects SMS or GPRS 1-2 SMS per ticket Doubles the consumer uptake by removing Data issues
Quick repeat tickets Customer loyalty and lock-in
Chiltern Railwa with YourRailUser feedback: “Better than the web!”
Case Study - Parking
Payments straight from phone No need for explicit sign-up or passwords Just type CVV again for future purchases
All user data entry and validation performed off-line by application
Secure SMS for users without data settings or with poor reception New user can sign-up and pay in just one SMS
95% of surveyed users said: “better than the IVR system we used until now”
Business Case & User Case
People will only try to use new technology to do a regular daily activity…
…if the old way of doing it is painful enough to make them try something new.
At that moment: offer them a better way.
[email protected]+44 7788 895 894www.masabi.com