Learning Series 2016 Fundamentals: Networking

----------------------------------------"Not Social Media-How does a customer's

network impact our solution?"

ObjectiveBuilding on the last learning series that covered creating SalesForce cases with detail information for Support to use.

• Cover common Network terminology• Provide an overview of how networks can have positive

and negative impacts to our solution. • Highlight differences between onsites and hosted servers.• Tools that can be used for both validation and

troubleshooting with common use cases.

Please hold questions to the end of this presentation

Common Network Terms

• Bandwidth• Upload/Download Speed• Latency• Packet Loss• Jitter• Static IP Addresses • Dynamic IP Addresses• VLANS• DHCP• QoS• CAT6• Structured Cabling• Gigabit Network• Proxy Servers• IP filtering• Port blocking• Whitelist• Cross meshed• IP Conflicts

• Duplex• Wake on LAN• Ping• DICOM Echo• DNS• Default Gateway• Subnet Mask• Firewalls• Switches• Router• Wifi• Broadband• Dual NICs• DRAC Cards• Blacklist• IPv4• IPv6• LAN• WAN• TCP• ISP

• Trace route• Packet capture• Netstat• NSLoop• Reverse Lookup• Hostname• Domain• Ethernet adapter• MAC Address• Public IP address• B2B VPN• MPLS• BGP• Failed connection• SSL Transfer• DICOM Transfer• Persistent connection• Ports• Denial of Server(DoS)• ASP, SaaS, Cloud• ETC

OSI Stack

Take from:http://www1.amalnet.k12.il/kiryathaim/profession/pc/Shared%20Documents/Forms/AllItems.aspx

What does it take for a device to be online?

What are the building blocks?

Device Snapshot• MAC Address-Each network device has been assigned a unique identifier by the manufacture

– Example: 01:23:45:67:89:ab• IP Address(internal)-Each network device has to be assigned a unique IP Address to function in a

LAN environment.– Example: IPv4 Address – 192.168.100.122– Example: IPv6 Address - 2601:c2:8404:86c::efb6

• Subnet Mask-This is used to divide up IP addresses into smaller logical networks.– Example: 255.255.255.0

• Default Gateway –Without this being set, you have no way to communicate to other devices on the network.

– Example: In your home network your ISP router functions as a default GW so you can access the Internet.

• DNS – If this was not in place would only be able to access website if you knew the IP address. This allows one to move equipment without having to notify end users. There is a hierarchy of DNS server around the entire globe.

– Example-when you enter an URL of www.ramsoft.com it is converted to the IP of 104.25.212.29(public IP for our website hosts)

– RamSoft moved the RNM server from the Hostway Datacenter in Austin TX to the Radius Datacenter in Nashville TN and we only need to update DNS.

IPv4 vs. IPv6Q: To the end user these is no noticeable difference so why are we doing this?

A: The number of IP addresses available. – For IPv4 there are 4,294,967,296 addresses. – For IPv6 there are 340,282,366,920,938,463, 463,374, 607,431, 768,211,456 IPv6 addresses

More IPs mean more devices can communicate

‘Internet of Things’ Connected Devices to Almost Triple to Over 38 Billion Units by 2020Total Device Base Driven by Surge in Connected Industrial Applications

Hampshire, 28th July: New data from Juniper Research has revealed that the number of IoT (Internet of Things) connected devices will number 38.5 billion in 2020, up from 13.4 billion

in 2015: a rise of over 285%.

http://www.juniperresearch.com/press/press-releases/iot-connected-devices-to-triple-to-38-bn-by-2020

Internal vs. External IPExternal IP Address:• The facilities ISP will provide them an static external IP address(or a range

of IPs) that can used an VPN end points or URL access points.– Earlier example-when you enter an URL of www.ramsoft.com public IP address is

104.25.212.29– Example-nrc.ramsoftpacs.com and teleras.ramsoftpacs.com will have unique public IP

addresses.– Example-VPN???

Internal IP Address• Managed and assigned by local IT resources.

Network Architecture• Routers, switches, and firewall• Common measures

– Latency, Jitter, Speed, Packet Loss

“classroom analogy”

LAN vs. WANQ: Gateway Router interact with modalities at a customer site across the ______.A: LAN

Q: Referring physicians interact with Rapid Results across the ____.A: WAN

Q: Technologist using the PowerReader interact with the PowerServer across the _____.A. LAN(if server is onsite) or WAN(if server is hosted)

Tools ICMP Ping

Returns values of latency and shows how consistent a connection maybe between two end points. Common LAN responses should be a few milliseconds(ms) Common WAN responses could be in the 20-90ms range

Successful response means network is passing traffic. Failed response does not always mean the network is not correct.

Many web based applications do not respond to ICMP Ping due to DoS attacks so failure does not mean networking issue all the time.

DICOM Ping Used when setting up a RamSoft Gateway or PowerServer to Modality connection. Connection made to a predetermined port. Successful ping usually an indicator the modality is setup properly. Will fail if wrong Port or AE Title is used.

Tracert Returns values of latency direct to each each ‘hop’(device) that a packet travels between two end

points. When accessing a internet site there could be 10-15 touch points. Versus only a few depending on the LAN architecture.

Hops with high latency could point to bottlenecks in the network path.

Tools(cont.) Netstat

Used to identify active sessions from the host. An active DICOM transfer from modality to gateway will show up with both

end points identified NSLookup

Used to see what IP address is assigned to a particular URL/Hostname by DNS servers. Reverse lookup allows one to enter an IP and see if a URL is assigned.

When a website is no accessible via URL, this can be used as a troubleshooting tool

Wireshark Used to capture and review packets that are crossing the network connection. Commonly used when failures are occurring due to network provider or

application level issues.

Why does this matter?

ADT/ORM

Day of Appt

DCM

ORU

Why does this matter?

Encrypted TransferTLS or SSL

Encrypted TransferHTTPSEnc

rypted

Transfe

r

HTTPS

Logical View

Why does this matter?

Encrypted TransferTLS or SSL

Switch Stack------

Router

Firewall

Public IPDNS

This could be easily be over 20 ‘hops’

This could be easily be over 20 ‘hops’

Actual View DNS

Default GWIP Address

MACHostnames

DNSDefault GWIP Address

MACHostnames

PortAETitle

DNSDefault GWIP Address

MACHostnames

PortAETitle

**The datacenter will have its own switch, routers, firewall, load balancers, etc

Live Demonstration of the following tools:

• Ipconfig with and without /all• ICMP Ping with and with –a to www.google.com

and rnm.ramsoftpacs.com• Tracert to www.google.com and

rnm.ramsoftpacs.com• NSLookup rnm.ramsoftpacs.com

‘Customer Network issue or RamSoft application problem’

We need to be able to evaluate and help customers determine if the issue is a RamSoft application call or if the customers’

network infrastructure is creating a problem.

ANY QUESTIONS??

ANY QUESTIONS?