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x = 2 + 4 ; = 6 ;
Memoryxx
66
2Air University
Memory
x = a + b ;a b
x
3Air University
How To get Value from User
How to get value from user we use
cin>>x;
Air University 4
QUIZ # 1Calculate Average Age of 10 Students
Get age of 10 students one by one Add them and save the answer in a separate
variable Divide it with total number of students Again save the answer in a separate
variable Display the answer
Air University 5
#include <iostream.h>main ( ){
int age1, age2, age3, age4, age5, age6, age7, age8, age9, age10 ;int TotalAge ;
int AverageAge ;
cout << “ Please enter the age of student 1: “ ;cin >> age1 ;
cout << “ Please enter the age of student 2: “ ;cin >> age2 ;::TotalAge = age1+ age2 + age3+ age4+ age5+age6+ age7+ age8+age9 + age10 ;AverageAge = TotalAge / 10 ;
cout<< “The average age of the class is :” << AverageAge ;}
6Air University
Interesting Problem
Given a four-digit integer, separate and print the digits on the screen
7Air University
Analysis Number = 1234
Take the remainder of the above number after dividing by 10Eg 1234 / 10 gives remainder 41234 % 10 = 4
Remove last digit 1234/10 = 123.4 123 (Truncation due to Integer Division)
123 %10 gives 3 Remove last digit
123/10 = 12.3 12 (Truncation due to Integer Division)
12 % 10 gives remainder 2 Remove last digit
12/10 = 1.2 1 (Truncation due to Integer Division)
Final digit remains
8Air University
Code#include <iostream.h>main ( ){
int number;int digit;cout << “Please enter a 4 digit integer : ”;cin >> number;digit = number %10;cout <<“The digit is: “ << digit << ‘\n’; // first digit; and then << ‘\n’number = number / 10;digit = number % 10;cout <<“The digit is: “ << digit << ‘\n’;number = number / 10;digit = number % 10;cout <<“The digit is: “ << digit << ‘\n’;number = number / 10;digit = number % 10;cout <<“The digit is: “ << digit;
}
9Air University
Flow Chart for if statement
Condition
Process
IF
Then
Entry point for IF block
Exit point for IF block
10Air University
if Statement
if (condition)
{
statement ;
-
-
}
The if statement allows conditional execution
Practice Example # 1main ()
{
int num;
cout<<“Enter a number less than 10:”;
cin>>num;
If (num <10)
{
cout<<“What a obedient students”
}
}
Air University 12
Relational Operators
The relational operators allow to compare two values Whether they are equal to each other. Unequal Whether one is greater than the other.
Air University 13
Relational Operators
Air University 14
We can even use arithmetic expressions in the
if statement.
if ( 3 + 2 % 5 )
cout<<"This works";
if ( a = 10 )
cout<<"Even this works";
if ( -5 )
cout<<"Surprisingly even this works";
Air University 15
int var1, var2;
cout<<"Input the first number:";cin>>var1;cout<<"Input the second number:";cin>>var2;
if(var1 == var2){
cout<<"var1 is equal to var2";}
Practice Example # 2
int main()
{
int n,d;
cout << "Enter two positive integers: ";
cin >> n >> d;
if (n%d)
cout << n << " is not divisible by " << d ;
}
Air University 17
Practice Example # 3
if-elseif (condition){
statement ;--
}else{
statement ;--
}
if-elseCondition
Process 1
IF
Then
Entry point for IF-Else block
Exit point for IF block
Process 2
Else
Note indentation from left to right
Practice Example # 4
cout<<“Enter a number less than Equal to 10:”;
cin>>num;
If (num <=10)
{
cout<<“What a obedient students”
}
else
{
cout<<“You are not obedient Student”;
}
Air University 20
int var1, var2;
cout<<"Input the first number:";cin>>var1;cout<<"Input the second number:";cin>>var2;
if(var1 == var2){
cout<<"var1 is equal to var2";}else{
cout<<"var1 is not equal to var2";}
Practice Example # 5
Example Nested ifint var1,var2,var3,var4;
var1=12; var2=12;
var3=10; var4=10;
if(var1 == var2){
cout<<"\nOuter Loop Statement";if (var3 == var4){cout<<"\nVar1 & Var2 are Equal and Var3 & var4 are Equal";}
}cout<<"\nMain Statement";
Largest Number among 3
Que No 1
Write a program in C++ that take input
of three integers numbers from user.
Find the largest number among three
of them.
Air University 23
Largest Number among 3 (Code)
#include<iostream.h>
void main ()
{
int a,b,c, larg;
cout<<"Enter First Integer=";
cin>>a;
cout<<"Enter Second Integer=";
cin>>b;
cout<<"Enter Third Integer=";
cin>>c;
Air University 24
Largest Number among 3 (Code)
if (a > b)
larg = a;
else
larg = b;
if (larg > c )
cout<<"Largest is ="<<larg<<endl;
else
cout<<"Largest is ="<<c<<endl;
}
Air University 25
Largest Number among 3 (Out Put)
Enter First Integer=10
Enter Second Integer=25
Enter Third Integer=38
Largest is =38
Press any key to continue
Air University 26
Nested if else
Que No 2
Write a program in C++ using if/else operator
with nested statements to find the grade of a
student .
marks >= 90 Grade A
marks >= 80 Grade B
marks >=70 Grade C
marks >=60 Grade D
Air University 27
Nested if else (Code)#include<iostream.h>
void main ()
{
int marks;
cout<<"Enter the grade of student=";
cin>>marks;
if ( marks >= 90 )
cout<< " Grade A \n";
else if (marks >= 80 )
cout<<" Grade B \n";
Air University 28
Nested if else (Code)else if ( marks >=70 )
cout<<" Grade C \n";
else if (marks >=60)
cout<<" Grade D \n";
else
{
cout<<" Grade F \n";
cout<<" You have to take the classes again\n";
cout<<" Work Hard To Get Good Grade\n";
}
}
Air University 29
Nested if - elseint n1,n2,n3;
cout << "Enter three integers: ";cin >> n1 >> n2 >> n3;`
if (n1 < n2)if (n1 < n3) `
cout << "Their minimum is " << n1 << endl; else
cout << "Their minimum is " << n3 << endl; else if (n2 < n3)
cout << "Their minimum is " << n2 << endl;else
cout << "Their minimum is " << n3 << endl;
Nested if-elses
main( )
{
int i ;
cout<< "Enter either 1 or 2 ";
cin>>i ;
if ( i == 1 )
cout<<"You would go to heaven !";
Air University 31
Nested if-elses
else
{
if ( i == 2 )
cout<<"Hell was created with you in mind";
else
cout<<"How about mother earth !";
}
}
Air University 32
Forms of if The if statement can take any of the following
forms:
(a) if ( condition ) do this ;
(b) if ( condition )
{
do this ;
and this ;
} Air University 33
(c) if ( condition )
do this ;
else
do this ;
Air University 34
Forms of if
(d) if ( condition )
{
do this ;
and this ;
}
else
{
do this ;
and this ;
}
Air University 35
Forms of if
(e) if ( condition )
do this ;
else
{
if ( condition )
do this ;
else
{
do this ;
and this ;
}
}
Air University 36
Forms of if
(f) if ( condition )
{
if ( condition )
do this ;
else
{
do this ;
and this ;
}
}
else
do this ;
Air University 37
Forms of if
Logical Operators AND && OR || Not !
Bitwise Operator | &
Logical OperatorsIf a is greater than b
AND c is greater than d
In C++if(a > b && c> d)if(age > 18 || height > 5)
ExampleIf the student age is greater than 18
or his height is greater than five feet
then put him on the foot ball team
Else Put him on the chess team
Vowel / Consonant
Que No 3
Write a program in C++ to input a single
character and print a message“ It is
vowel" if it is vowel otherwise print message "It
is a "consonant“ Use if-else structure and
OR (||) operator only
Air University 41
Vowel / Consonant (Code)
#include<iostream.h>
void main() {
char input;
cout<<"Input a single character-->";
cin>>input;
if (input == 'a' || input == 'e'|| input == 'i' ||input == 'o'|| input == 'u‘)
cout<<"Its a VOWEL\n“;
else
cout<<"Its a CONSONANT\n“;
}
Air University 42
Odd/ Even
Que No 4
Write a Program in C++ that take an Integer
value’s from the user and tell that the number
Is EVEN or ODD
Air University 43
Odd/ Even (Code)
int value;
cout<<"Enter an Interger value ";
cin>>value;
if (value % 2 == 0)
cout<<"Your number is Even\n";
else
cout<<"Your number is Odd\n“;Air University 44
Small / Capital Letter
Que No 5
Write a program in C++ that take a single
character from the user, and tells it's a Small
Letter or it's a CAPITAL letter using nested if
statement only
Air University 45
Small / Capital Letter (Code)char letter;
cout<<"Enter the letter in \"CAPITAL\" or in \"SMALL\"-->";
cin>>letter;
if (letter >='A' && letter <= 'Z')
{
cout<<"\n\nYou Entered a Capital Letter\n";
if (letter == 'a' || letter == 'e'|| letter == 'i' || letter == 'o'|| letter == 'u' ||
letter == 'A' || letter == 'E'|| letter == 'I' || letter == 'O'|| letter == 'U')
cout<<"\n\nIts a VOWEL\n";
else
cout<<"\n\nIts a CONSONANT\n“;
}
Air University 46
Small / Capital Letter (Code)else if (letter >= 'a' && letter <= 'z')
{
cout<<"\n\nYou Entered a Small Letter\n";
If (letter == 'a' || letter == 'e'|| letter == 'i' || letter == 'o'|| letter =='u' ||
letter == 'A' || letter == 'E'|| letter == 'I' || letter == 'O'|| letter == 'U')
cout<<"\n\nIts a VOWEL\n";
else
cout<<"\n\nIts a CONSONANT\n“;
}
else cout<<"\n\nIts Not a letter";
cout<<endl;
return 0; }
Air University 47
The Conditional Operators
The conditional operators ? and : are sometimes called ternary operators
since they take three arguments
expression 1 ? expression 2 : expression 3
Air University 48
Example of Condition Operator
int x, y ;
cin>>x;
y = ( x > 5 ? 3 : 4 ) ;
This statement will store 3 in y if x is greater than 5, otherwise it will store 4 in y.
Air University 49
Condition Operator (?:)
Que No 6
Write a Program in C++ to input a single letter
in a char variable. If "m" is input print "You are
Male” otherwise "You are Female" by Using
Condition Operator (?:)
Air University 50
Condition Operator (?:)#include<iostream.h>
void main () {
char gender;
cout<<"Enter the Gender of the Person=";
cin>>gender;
/*(?:) First Value is Printed if the condition
is true and if it is false second condition is printed*/
cout<<( gender>= 'm' ? "You are Male\n" : "You are Female\n");
}
Air University 51
Temperature ProgramQue No 7
Make a program in C ++ that tells the form of
Water whether it is Ice, Water or Steam. Display
the menu also as under.
Temperature Less than 0 = ICE
Temperature Greater than 0 & Less than 100 = Water
Temperature Greater than 100 = STEAM
Air University 52
Temperature Program
int t;
cout<<"Temperature Less than 0 = ICE \n"
<<"Temperature Greater than 0 & "
<<"Temperature Less than 100 = Water\n"
<<"Temperature Greater than 100 = STEAM\n";
cout<<"\n\n\t\tPlease enter the Temperature=";
cin>>t;
Air University 53
Temperature Program
if ( t <= 0 )
cout<<"Form of water is \"ICE\""<<endl;
else
if( t > 0 && t < 100 )
cout<<"Form is \"WATER\"\n";
else
if ( t >= 100 )
cout<<"Form of water is \"steam\"\n";
Air University 54
Hierarchy of Operators
Air University 55
Assignment [10 Marks]
Write a program to calculate the salary as per the following table
Air University 56
Slides are uploaded athttps://sites.google.com/site/saqibrashied/cplusplus
For more studies use Google
Air University 57
