Kastytis gedminas

Balance (sustainable) land use and Balance (sustainable) land use and management of protected areas in management of protected areas in LithuaniaLithuania

Kastytis GedminasKastytis GedminasState Service for Protected AreasState Service for Protected Areasunder the Ministry of Environment of Lithuaniaunder the Ministry of Environment of Lithuania

Living Lakes. Eastern Europe Network Conference in Estonia, Living Lakes. Eastern Europe Network Conference in Estonia, TartuTartu, 19, 19--2222ndnd of February 2008of February 2008

Content of the presentationContent of the presentation

•• System of protected areas in Lithuania:System of protected areas in Lithuania:–– LegislationLegislation–– Definition of PADefinition of PA–– The system of PAThe system of PA’’s and statisticss and statistics

•• Planning of protected areas:Planning of protected areas:–– Planning system of PAPlanning system of PA’’ss–– Contents of planning documentsContents of planning documents–– Restrictions in PARestrictions in PA’’ss

•• Management of protected areas:Management of protected areas:–– What is important to keep the balance (sustainability)What is important to keep the balance (sustainability)–– Nature/culture heritage managementNature/culture heritage management–– What is done up to nowWhat is done up to now

LegislationLegislation

•• Law on Protected Areas (1993, 2001)Law on Protected Areas (1993, 2001)•• Law on Territorial Planning (1994, 2004)Law on Territorial Planning (1994, 2004)•• Law on Land (1994, 2006)Law on Land (1994, 2006)•• Special Use Conditions of Land and Forest (1992)Special Use Conditions of Land and Forest (1992)•• Rules for Preparation of Management Plans of PA (2002)Rules for Preparation of Management Plans of PA (2002)•• Rules of Consideration (2004)Rules of Consideration (2004)•• Requirements for Preparation of Strategic Plans for PA Requirements for Preparation of Strategic Plans for PA

(2004)(2004)•• Requirements for the Content of Nature Management Requirements for the Content of Nature Management

plans (2004) plans (2004) •• Typical and individual protection regulations of state parks Typical and individual protection regulations of state parks

(2002, under recently)(2002, under recently)

Definition of protected areasDefinition of protected areas

Protected areas are established in order to preserve Protected areas are established in order to preserve territorial complexes and objects (values) of the natural territorial complexes and objects (values) of the natural and cultural heritage, landscape variations and biological and cultural heritage, landscape variations and biological diversities, to ensure ecological balance of the landscape, diversities, to ensure ecological balance of the landscape, balanced use and restoration of natural resources, to balanced use and restoration of natural resources, to establish conditions for cognitive tourism, scientific establish conditions for cognitive tourism, scientific researches and monitoring of the environment status, researches and monitoring of the environment status, propagate territorial complexes and objects (values) of the propagate territorial complexes and objects (values) of the natural and cultural heritage. natural and cultural heritage.

15 15 % of the country% of the country

Central institution + Central institution + 36 PA 36 PA

administrationsadministrations

Classification of Classification of protected areasprotected areas•• PA’s are classified PA’s are classified

by goals and ways by goals and ways protection is protection is organisedorganised

•• national PA’s of national PA’s of international international importance are importance are nominated:

Categories of

Protected Areas Types of Protected Areas

Strict Nature reserves Culture Conservational Reserves Nature Geological, geomorphoological,

pedological, hydrographycal, telmological, talasological, botanical, zoological, botanical-zoological.

Culture Archaeological, memorial, ethnocultural, reserves of landscape architekture, urban.

Complex Landscape, kartographical. Objects of

heritage/ monuments

Nature Geological, geomorphological, hydrographical, hydrogeological, botanical, zoological.

Culture Archaeological, memorial, ethnocultural, architectural, technical.

Prezervational Protected zones

• Protected zones of general ecological protection (for water bodies, cities and resorts, see coast, intensive carst area protection); • Buffer zones (for strict rezerves, national and regional parks, reserves and heritage objects); • Protected zones of physical protection (for heritage objects, technical infrastructure protection); • Protected zones of visual protection (for heritage objects, aeroports, etc.); • Sanitarian protected zones (for protection of industrial, communal and argricultural enterprises); • Protected zones of reservational purpose (zones for protection of mineral resources).

Recuperational Plots of natural resources

For flora resources (forests, berries, mushrooms, medical plants) and fauna resources, marches, underground water resources recuperation.

Genetical plots

For genetic resources recuperation.

Integrated State Parks National Historic national

Regional Historic regional Biosphere

monitoring Biosphere rezerve

areas Biosphere polygons

nominated:

StatisticsStatistics

•• strict nature reserves (SNR) strict nature reserves (SNR) –– 3 3 •• nature reserves (NR) nature reserves (NR) –– 260260 state and state and 112112 municipalmunicipal•• nature monuments (NM) nature monuments (NM) –– 719719•• state parks state parks –– 55 national, national, 3030 regionalregional•• biosphere monitoring areas biosphere monitoring areas –– 11 biosphere reserve, biosphere reserve,

2626 biosphere polygonsbiosphere polygons•• recuperation plots recuperation plots –– 33•• protection (buffer) zones PZprotection (buffer) zones PZ•• zoning of state parks and biosphere reserves zoning of state parks and biosphere reserves

among other zones includes SNR, NR, NM, PZamong other zones includes SNR, NR, NM, PZ•• national PA’s of international importance are national PA’s of international importance are

nominated:nominated:–– NaturaNatura 2000 2000 -- 266266 pSCIpSCI, , 7777 SPASPA–– UnescoUnesco, , RamsarRamsar, , HelcomHelcom, etc., etc.

Natura 2000Natura 2000

http://stk.http://stk.vsttvstt..ltlt

Territorial (physical) planningTerritorial (physical) planning

Special planning:Special planning:For a part of or the whole system of the PA, for For a part of or the whole system of the PA, for

values of natural and cultural heritagevalues of natural and cultural heritage

••Network schemes of the PANetwork schemes of the PA’’s;s;

••Schemes of the Nature Frame and/or ecological Schemes of the Nature Frame and/or ecological network formation;network formation;

••Schemes of the ecological protection zones Schemes of the ecological protection zones network;network;

••Border plans of the PABorder plans of the PA’’s;s;

••Management plans;Management plans;

••Nature management and/or heritage management Nature management and/or heritage management projects.projects.

Strategic planningStrategic planning••Special Programs;Special Programs;••Heritage management plans;Heritage management plans;••Action plans;Action plans;••Monitoring programs;Monitoring programs;••Nature management plans.Nature management plans.

General General planningplanning

Detailed Detailed planningplanning

Planning system of Planning system of Protected AreasProtected Areas

Special Special planningplanning

Territorial (physical) planning of PATerritorial (physical) planning of PA

Territorial planning is a process and procedureTerritorial planning is a process and procedure for for regulating the land use planning for defining the intendedregulating the land use planning for defining the intendedpurposepurpose of the territory and land use, the priorities, the of the territory and land use, the priorities, the environmental, monumentenvironmental, monument protectionprotection and other conditions, and other conditions, forfor developingdeveloping a system of land, waters, residential areas, a system of land, waters, residential areas, industry and infrastructure, forindustry and infrastructure, for regulatingregulating the population the population employment, and for determining theemployment, and for determining the rightsrights of natural and of natural and legal entities engaged in the development of the territorylegal entities engaged in the development of the territory

–– Law on Territorial PlanningLaw on Territorial Planning–– Rules of preparation of different kinds of plansRules of preparation of different kinds of plans

Goals of management Goals of management ((territorialterritorial) ) planplanss

•• Guidelines of protection and managementGuidelines of protection and management•• Landscape management zones and regulationsLandscape management zones and regulations•• Proposals for means of landscape protection, Proposals for means of landscape protection, recreational infrastructure development, etc.recreational infrastructure development, etc.•• Creation of the conditions for conservation of Creation of the conditions for conservation of ecosystems, flora, fauna and fungi speciesecosystems, flora, fauna and fungi species•• Means for restoration of natural landscape, ecosystems Means for restoration of natural landscape, ecosystems and objectsand objects

Proposals of MP = graphical part (schemes) + text Proposals of MP = graphical part (schemes) + text (explanatory document) + documents of procedures(explanatory document) + documents of procedures

Content of the scheme of MPContent of the scheme of MP

•• Boundaries of administrative unitsBoundaries of administrative units•• Boundaries of PABoundaries of PA•• Zones of landscape managementZones of landscape management•• Nature and culture heritage objects Nature and culture heritage objects (monuments) and their buffer zones(monuments) and their buffer zones•• The system of recreationThe system of recreation•• Places for constructionPlaces for construction

Content of the text of MPContent of the text of MP

•• IIntroductionntroduction•• General part (geographic review)General part (geographic review)•• Nature, inhabitants, economy, etc. Nature, inhabitants, economy, etc. •• Analysis of nature and culture heritage and Analysis of nature and culture heritage and recrrecr. potential of . potential of landscapelandscape•• Proposals (principles for management, the system of Proposals (principles for management, the system of landscape landscape mngmng. zones and. zones andtheir regulations, meanstheir regulations, meansfor conservation, restoration,for conservation, restoration,guidelines and means for guidelines and means for envenv.,.,recrrecr., forests and agriculture., forests and agriculturedevelopment, etc.).development, etc.).

Restrictions in PARestrictions in PA

•• Law of Protected AreasLaw of Protected Areas•• Special use conditions of land and forestSpecial use conditions of land and forest•• RegulationsRegulations of PAof PA•• MManagementanagement plansplans of PA etcof PA etc..


•• Law of Protected AreasLaw of Protected Areas

•• General restrictions in PA of:General restrictions in PA of:–– economic activitieseconomic activities–– constructionconstruction–– changes ofchanges of hydrological regimehydrological regime–– land parcel segmentation, etc.land parcel segmentation, etc.


•• Special use conditions of land and forestSpecial use conditions of land and forest

•• Restrictions by individual types of protected areasRestrictions by individual types of protected areas


•• Regulations of PARegulations of PA

•• Regulations of individual protected areasRegulations of individual protected areas


•• Management plans of PAManagement plans of PA, etc.

•• Regulations of individual protected areas and it’s Regulations of individual protected areas and it’s partsparts

Public opinionsPublic opinions

PA PA –– restrictions, prohibitions restrictions, prohibitions –– additional additional problemsproblems

PA PA –– possibilities to preserve values, keep possibilities to preserve values, keep clean environment for visiting, ecoclean environment for visiting, eco--friendly friendly

activities and production, educationactivities and production, education

Management of PA’s. Management of PA’s. What is important to keep the balance What is important to keep the balance

(sustainability)?(sustainability)?

•• Political supportPolitical support•• Proper planningProper planning•• Visibility of management measures and Visibility of management measures and

outcomes = public awareness = support on local outcomes = public awareness = support on local level = political supportlevel = political support

•• Cooperation with stakeholders on national and Cooperation with stakeholders on national and local levellocal level

•• International cooperation and experience International cooperation and experience exchangeexchange

•• Management Effectiveness Evaluation prepared Management Effectiveness Evaluation prepared in 2006 following the methodology created by in 2006 following the methodology created by IUCN and WWFIUCN and WWF

Management of PA’s. What is done up to Management of PA’s. What is done up to nownow

•• Management activities for nature and Management activities for nature and culture values and NATURA 2000 areasculture values and NATURA 2000 areas

•• Recuperation of the violated areasRecuperation of the violated areas•• Visitors facilitiesVisitors facilities

Management activities during recent Management activities during recent yearsyears

•• Installations made during Phare’2003 ISMP Project:Installations made during Phare’2003 ISMP Project:–– 680 road signs680 road signs–– 88 information boards88 information boards–– 3 observation towers (15 m height)3 observation towers (15 m height)

•• + 7 cars for maintenance, control and prevention+ 7 cars for maintenance, control and prevention

•• Installations made with support of EU Structural funds:Installations made with support of EU Structural funds:–– Informational infrastructure (infoInformational infrastructure (info--boards, signs and other) and boards, signs and other) and

minimal visitors facilities in minimal visitors facilities in 1313 State ParksState Parks–– 99 visitor centres are reconstructed, built or are under visitor centres are reconstructed, built or are under

constructionconstruction–– 88 violated areas are rehabilitatedviolated areas are rehabilitated

•• 118118 nature management plans prepared (nature management plans prepared (4848 adopted)adopted)•• Nearly Nearly 150150 documents of territorial planning are documents of territorial planning are

prepared or under preparation prepared or under preparation

Thank You for attention!Thank You for attention!

Technology

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